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biology > chapter 15.2-5 > Flashcards

chapter 15.2-5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how many phyla is the animal kingdom divided into?

A

35

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2
Q

how many sponge species are there?

A

5,000, most of them are marine

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3
Q

since when have sponges existed?

A

they have existed since precambrian

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4
Q

how do sponges asexually reproduce?

A

through budding and gemmules

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5
Q

how do sponges sexually reproduce?

A

they sexually reproduce with larval stage

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6
Q

what forms the outer covering of a sponge?

A

pinacocyte forms the outer layer, it may phagocytize large food particles

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7
Q

what does lophocyte do?

A

it secretes youth! (collagen lol)

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8
Q

what does the porocyte do?

A

it controls water flow through the ostia (in sponges)

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9
Q

what does the amoebocyte do?

A

it delivers nutrients to cells

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10
Q

what does the chaonocyte do?

A

it generates water current and filters food particles from water

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11
Q

what does the sclerocyte do?

A

it secretes silica spicules

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12
Q

how do sponges generate water current through their bodies?

A

by the movement of the flagella of chaonocytes

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13
Q

what is venus’ flower basket?

A

a sponge with spicules that are fused into a rigid network

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14
Q

radial symmetry was first present in what?

A

radial symmetry was first observed in cnidaria

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15
Q

what are the two body forms of cnidaria?

A

polyp and medusa

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16
Q

what are examples of polyp?

A

anemones, corals, and hydra

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17
Q

what are examples of medusa?

A

jellyfish

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18
Q

where is the cnidaria’s tentacles located?

A

around its mouth

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19
Q

why does cnidaria have gastrovascular activity?

A

to help with digestion of food

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20
Q

does cnidaria have an anus?

A

no!

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21
Q

tell us about the layers of the cnidaria…

A

there are two layers, the epidermis and gastrodermis. Between them, there is a jelly-like mid-layer called mesoglea

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22
Q

how many species of cnidaria are there?

A

there are 10,000

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23
Q

what are some examples of cnidaria?

A

jellyfish, sea anemone, and coral jellies

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24
Q

animals from the phylum cnidaria have stinging cells called?

A

cnidocydes!

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25
Q

cnidocytes contain large organelles called nematocysts, what do they store?

A

nematocysts store a coiled thread, barb, and toxin which are released when the cell surface is touched

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26
Q

what was the next evolutionary step after radial symmetry?

A

bilateral symmetry!

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27
Q

how many species of platyhelminthes are there?

A

20,000

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28
Q

how many tissue layers are there in the embryo of platyhelminthes?

A

there are three layers in the embryo

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29
Q

do platyhelminthes have coeloms?

A

no they do not

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30
Q

do platyhelminthes reproduce sexually or asexually?

A

both

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31
Q

what are the three major groups of platyhelminthes?

A

free-living flatworms, flukes, and tapeworms

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32
Q

what is the planarian?

A

a flatworm

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33
Q

tell us more about the planarian flatworm please…

A

it has a gastrovacular cavity with one opening that serves as mouth and anus

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34
Q

tell us about the excretory system of the planarian flatworm please…

A

it is made of tubules connected to excretory pores on both sides of the body

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35
Q

tell us about the nervous system of the planarian flatworm please…

A

it is composed of two interconnected nerve cords running the length of the body, with cerebral ganglia and eyespots at the anterior end

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36
Q

where do rotifers get their name?

A

from corona: rotating wheel-like structure with cilia

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37
Q

do rotifers have any form of body cavity?

A

yes, a pseudocoelom

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38
Q

does parthogeny occur often in rotifers?

A

yes

39
Q

what are ribbon worms?

A

Nemertea

40
Q

Are nemertea mostly sea creatures or land?

A

mostly marine bottom dwellers

41
Q

how many species of nemertea are there?

A

900 species

42
Q

what kind of feeders are nemertea?

A

mostly carnivores, some scavengers, parasites, and commensalists

43
Q

how long are nemertea?

A

up to several meters long

44
Q

are nemertea segmented or unsegmented?

A

they are soft and unsegmented

45
Q

what is the purpose of the proboscus in nemertea?

A

to capture food

46
Q

do nemertea have a coelom?

A

yes

47
Q

what organs do nemertea have?

A

primitive kidneys, intestines, brains, and reproductive organs

48
Q

how many species of mollusca are there?

A

85,000

49
Q

tell us about the body of the mollusca…

A

soft bilateral body and often hard shell

50
Q

do mollusks have a muscular foot?

A

yes

51
Q

what does the mantle in mollusca?

A

respiration, waste disposal, sensory reception, and produces shell

52
Q

do mollusca have a radula?

A

yes

53
Q

where is the coelom located in mollusca?

A

it is wrapped around the heart

54
Q

what organs do mollusca have?

A

coelom, heart, kidneys, reproductive organs

55
Q

do mollusca have a nervous system?

A

yes

56
Q

tell us about the circulatory system of mollusca..

A

it is an open circulatory system with a hemocoel

57
Q

how many species of mollusks are there?

A

seven

58
Q

what happens to gastropods during embryonic development?

A

their anatomical features undergo torsion

59
Q

what is torsion?

A

the rotation of anatomical features

60
Q

what happens as a result of torsion in gastropods?

A

the anus of the adult animal is located above its head

61
Q

where was the colossal squid found?

A

near antarctica

62
Q

how long are the colossal squid’s tentacles typically?

A

13 m long

63
Q

are annelida segmented or unsegmented?

A

segmented

64
Q

do annelida have a coelom?

A

yes, and a true coelom at that

65
Q

do annelida have nervous systems?

A

yes

66
Q

do annelida have circulatory systems?

A

yes

67
Q

do annelida have kidneys?

A

yes

68
Q

how many species of annelida are there?

A

16,500

69
Q

what are the three groups of annelida?

A

Earthworms, polychaetes, and leeches

70
Q

what is segmentation?

A

subdivision of body along its length into a series of repeated parts

71
Q

what are the pros of segmentation?

A

gives body flexibility and mobility

72
Q

segments can have appendages:

A

adaptations for specialized tasks, such as bristles

73
Q

how many known species of nematodes are there?

A

28,000

74
Q

what shape do nematodes take on?

A

cylindrical

75
Q

nematodes’ bodies are covered with what?

A

cuticle; molting

76
Q

do nematodes have circulatory systems?

A

no

77
Q

do nematodes have respiratory systems?

A

no

78
Q

do nematodes have complete digestive tracts with mouth and anus?

A

well yes, you should have induced that from the sentence

79
Q

what kind of feeders are nematodes?

A

mostly decomposers, some are parasites on plants, animals, and humans

80
Q

how many species of arthropods are there?

A

over a million

81
Q

tell us about the exoskeleton of arthropods…

A

it has cuticle of chitin and waxes: protection

82
Q

what happens to arthropods between growth spurts?

A

molting

83
Q

are arthropods segmented or unsegmented?

A

segmented

84
Q

what are trilobites?

A

an extinct group of arthropods

85
Q

what is the biggest group of animals?

A

insects

86
Q

echinodermata are related to what?

A

chordata

87
Q

are echinodermata marine or on land?

A

marine

88
Q

are echinodermata segmented or unsegmented?

A

unsegmented

89
Q

what kind of symmetry do echinodermata have in the larval stage?

A

bilateral symmetry

90
Q

what kind of symmetry do echinodermata have in the adult stage?

A

radial symmetry

91
Q

what kind of skeleton do echinodermata have?

A

endoskeleton with plates and spines

92
Q

what kind of vascular system do echinodermata have?

A

a water vascular system with tube feet

93
Q

echinodermata have strong powers of…?

A

regeneration

biology (14 decks)

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