chapter 15.2-5 Flashcards
how many phyla is the animal kingdom divided into?
35
how many sponge species are there?
5,000, most of them are marine
since when have sponges existed?
they have existed since precambrian
how do sponges asexually reproduce?
through budding and gemmules
how do sponges sexually reproduce?
they sexually reproduce with larval stage
what forms the outer covering of a sponge?
pinacocyte forms the outer layer, it may phagocytize large food particles
what does lophocyte do?
it secretes youth! (collagen lol)
what does the porocyte do?
it controls water flow through the ostia (in sponges)
what does the amoebocyte do?
it delivers nutrients to cells
what does the chaonocyte do?
it generates water current and filters food particles from water
what does the sclerocyte do?
it secretes silica spicules
how do sponges generate water current through their bodies?
by the movement of the flagella of chaonocytes
what is venus’ flower basket?
a sponge with spicules that are fused into a rigid network
radial symmetry was first present in what?
radial symmetry was first observed in cnidaria
what are the two body forms of cnidaria?
polyp and medusa
what are examples of polyp?
anemones, corals, and hydra
what are examples of medusa?
jellyfish
where is the cnidaria’s tentacles located?
around its mouth
why does cnidaria have gastrovascular activity?
to help with digestion of food
does cnidaria have an anus?
no!
tell us about the layers of the cnidaria…
there are two layers, the epidermis and gastrodermis. Between them, there is a jelly-like mid-layer called mesoglea
how many species of cnidaria are there?
there are 10,000
what are some examples of cnidaria?
jellyfish, sea anemone, and coral jellies
animals from the phylum cnidaria have stinging cells called?
cnidocydes!
cnidocytes contain large organelles called nematocysts, what do they store?
nematocysts store a coiled thread, barb, and toxin which are released when the cell surface is touched
what was the next evolutionary step after radial symmetry?
bilateral symmetry!
how many species of platyhelminthes are there?
20,000
how many tissue layers are there in the embryo of platyhelminthes?
there are three layers in the embryo
do platyhelminthes have coeloms?
no they do not
do platyhelminthes reproduce sexually or asexually?
both
what are the three major groups of platyhelminthes?
free-living flatworms, flukes, and tapeworms
what is the planarian?
a flatworm
tell us more about the planarian flatworm please…
it has a gastrovacular cavity with one opening that serves as mouth and anus
tell us about the excretory system of the planarian flatworm please…
it is made of tubules connected to excretory pores on both sides of the body
tell us about the nervous system of the planarian flatworm please…
it is composed of two interconnected nerve cords running the length of the body, with cerebral ganglia and eyespots at the anterior end
where do rotifers get their name?
from corona: rotating wheel-like structure with cilia
do rotifers have any form of body cavity?
yes, a pseudocoelom
does parthogeny occur often in rotifers?
yes
what are ribbon worms?
Nemertea
Are nemertea mostly sea creatures or land?
mostly marine bottom dwellers
how many species of nemertea are there?
900 species
what kind of feeders are nemertea?
mostly carnivores, some scavengers, parasites, and commensalists
how long are nemertea?
up to several meters long
are nemertea segmented or unsegmented?
they are soft and unsegmented
what is the purpose of the proboscus in nemertea?
to capture food
do nemertea have a coelom?
yes
what organs do nemertea have?
primitive kidneys, intestines, brains, and reproductive organs
how many species of mollusca are there?
85,000
tell us about the body of the mollusca…
soft bilateral body and often hard shell
do mollusks have a muscular foot?
yes
what does the mantle in mollusca?
respiration, waste disposal, sensory reception, and produces shell
do mollusca have a radula?
yes
where is the coelom located in mollusca?
it is wrapped around the heart
what organs do mollusca have?
coelom, heart, kidneys, reproductive organs
do mollusca have a nervous system?
yes
tell us about the circulatory system of mollusca..
it is an open circulatory system with a hemocoel
how many species of mollusks are there?
seven
what happens to gastropods during embryonic development?
their anatomical features undergo torsion
what is torsion?
the rotation of anatomical features
what happens as a result of torsion in gastropods?
the anus of the adult animal is located above its head
where was the colossal squid found?
near antarctica
how long are the colossal squid’s tentacles typically?
13 m long
are annelida segmented or unsegmented?
segmented
do annelida have a coelom?
yes, and a true coelom at that
do annelida have nervous systems?
yes
do annelida have circulatory systems?
yes
do annelida have kidneys?
yes
how many species of annelida are there?
16,500
what are the three groups of annelida?
Earthworms, polychaetes, and leeches
what is segmentation?
subdivision of body along its length into a series of repeated parts
what are the pros of segmentation?
gives body flexibility and mobility
segments can have appendages:
adaptations for specialized tasks, such as bristles
how many known species of nematodes are there?
28,000
what shape do nematodes take on?
cylindrical
nematodes’ bodies are covered with what?
cuticle; molting
do nematodes have circulatory systems?
no
do nematodes have respiratory systems?
no
do nematodes have complete digestive tracts with mouth and anus?
well yes, you should have induced that from the sentence
what kind of feeders are nematodes?
mostly decomposers, some are parasites on plants, animals, and humans
how many species of arthropods are there?
over a million
tell us about the exoskeleton of arthropods…
it has cuticle of chitin and waxes: protection
what happens to arthropods between growth spurts?
molting
are arthropods segmented or unsegmented?
segmented
what are trilobites?
an extinct group of arthropods
what is the biggest group of animals?
insects
echinodermata are related to what?
chordata
are echinodermata marine or on land?
marine
are echinodermata segmented or unsegmented?
unsegmented
what kind of symmetry do echinodermata have in the larval stage?
bilateral symmetry
what kind of symmetry do echinodermata have in the adult stage?
radial symmetry
what kind of skeleton do echinodermata have?
endoskeleton with plates and spines
what kind of vascular system do echinodermata have?
a water vascular system with tube feet
echinodermata have strong powers of…?
regeneration
