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biology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what do cell membranes define?

A

the boundary of the cell

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2
Q

why are cell membranes considered fluid?

A

because the structure is not fixed and lets molecules in and out

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3
Q

why are cell membranes considered mosaic?

A

because they have different protein molecules embedded

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4
Q

cell membranes are made up primarily of what?

A

a bilayer of phospholipids

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5
Q

cell membranes are made up of mostly a bilayer of phospholipids with what?

A

embedded proteins, carbohydrates, glycolipids, glycoproteins, and cholesterol

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6
Q

is there cholesterol in the cell membrane of plants?

A

no, just animals

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7
Q

what are the two types of transport?

A

passive and active transport

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8
Q

does passive transport require atp for molecule movement?

A

no

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9
Q

does active transport require atp for molecule movement?

A

yes

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10
Q

in passive transport, molecules move…

A

from higher concentration to lower concentration

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11
Q

in active transport, molecules move…

A

against the gradient

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12
Q

the most direct forms of naturally occuring transport?

A

passive transport

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13
Q

membranes have hydropholic and hydrophobic regions, what does this do?

A

it helps the transport of some materials and hinders that of others

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14
Q

what kind of material can slip easily through the hydrophobic lipid core of the cell membrane?

A

lipid-soluble material

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15
Q

what are some examples of passive transport?

A

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis

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16
Q

what is diffusion?

A

a material moves from an area with a high concentration to an area with low concentration until concentration is equal across the area

17
Q

what is facilitated transport?

A

materials diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane proteins

18
Q

does facilitated transport require energy?

A

no

19
Q

does facilitated transport require concentration?

A

yes

20
Q

what are transport proteins?

A

integral proteins involved in facilitated transport

21
Q

what is osmosis?

A

a special type of diffusion of water from a higher concentration to a lower one through a semipermeable membrane

22
Q

what does tonicity mean?

A

how an extracellular solution can affect the volume of the cell by affecting osmosis

23
Q

what does hypotonic mean?

A

this means that the extracellular solution has a lower concentration of solutes

24
Q

what does hypertonic mean?

A

this means that the extracellular solution has a higher concentration of solutes

25
Q

what does isotonic mean?

A

this means that the extracellular solution has the same concentration as the cell’s cytoplasm

26
Q

what form of energy does active transport typically use?

A

adenosine triphosphate, atp

27
Q

ions move in and out of the cell membrane and proteins that do not move across the cell membrane are negatively charged. What happens as a result of this?

A

an electrical gradient, a difference of charge across the plasma membrane

28
Q

what is the electrochemical gradient?

A

the combined gradient of concentration and electrical charge that affects an ion

29
Q

what are some types of endocytosis?

A

pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis

30
Q

what is endocytosis?

A

a type of active transport that moves large particles into the cell

31
Q

what is the common characteristic that all types of endocytosis share?

A

the plasma membrane forms a pocket for the target particle then envelopes it in it.

32
Q

what is phagocytosis?

A

the process by which large particles are taken in by the cell

33
Q

what is pinocytosis?

A

the process by which cells take in molecules, including water, from extracellular fluid

34
Q

what is another name for pinocytosis?

A

cell drinking

35
Q

what is receptor-mediated endocytosis?

A

a type of endocytosis that employs receptor proteins in the plasma membrane that have a specific binding affinity for certain substances

36
Q

what is exocytosis?

A

the opposite of endocytosis, expels material from the cell into the extracellular fluid

biology (14 decks)

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