Fungal Infections Flashcards
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Fungal overgrowth in the stratum corneum epidermis disrupting melanin synthesis on trunk of body. Little response
Epidemiology caused by overgrowth of a lipophilic fungus in our normal flora. This causes fungemia in premature infants on intravenous lipid supplements
Diagnosis by KOH as spaghetti and meatball appearance
Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor, Malassezia furfur
Superficial infection of the stratum corneum epidermis on the palmar plantar surfaces as benign, flat, dark, melononma like lesions
caused by a fungus that produces melanin, which colors the skin
Tinea nigra, dematicaeous fungi
Prepubescent children, epidemic and spread by head gear
Non inflammatory and produces gray patches of hair
Anthropophilic tinea capitis (gray patch)
Microsporum audouinii
Transmitted by pets or farm animals
Inflammation with tender areas called kerion, Temporary alopecia, kerion, keloid, and inflammation may result
Zoophilic tinea capitis (nonepidemic)
Microsporum canis or by Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Chronic infection characterized by hair breakage, followed by filling of follicles with dark conidia
Black dot tinea capitis
Trichophyton tonsurans
Acute or chronic folliculitis of the beard
pustular or dry scaly lesions
Tinea barbae
Trichophyton verruscosum
Dermatophytic infection affects glabrous skin
Characterized by annular lesions with active border that can be pustular or vesicular
Tinea corporis
T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or M. canis
Acute or chronic fungal infection of the groin called jock itch, accompanied by athlete’s foot or nail infections
Tinea cruris
E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or yeasts like Candida
Acute to chronic fungal infection of the feet called athletes foot
Common presentations: chronic intertiginous tinea pedis(white macerated tissue between the toes), chronic dry, scaly tinea pedis(hyperkeratotic scales on the heels, soles, sides of the feet), vesicular tinea pedis(vesicles and vesiculopustules)
Tinea pedis
T. rubrum, T, mentagrophytes, E. floccosum
Highly contagious and severe form of tinea capitis with scutula (crust) formation and permanent hair loss caused by scarring
Prophylaxis of close contacts is needed
Favus In both children and adults
Favus (tinea favosa)
Trichophyton schoenleinii (permanent hair loss)
infection of the oral cavity and manifests as white curd like patches
1) occurs in premature infants, babies on antibiotics, asthmatics not using spacers, immunocompromised patients, AIDS patients
2) can extend through GI tract causing painful gastritis
oral thrush
Mucocutaneous candidiasis
1) yeast infection of the vagina that tends to recur
2) discharge, burning, curd like patches, inflammation
3) predisposed by diabetes, antibiotic therapy, oral contraceptive use and pregnancy
4) diagnosis via KOH mount of curd
Vulvovaginitis or vaginal thrush
Candida spp.
1)involves the nails, moreso with them being false, skin folds of babies, obese individuals, groin and penis, lesions can be eczemoid or vesicular and pustular, predisposed by moist conditions
Cutaneous candidiasis
Candida spp.
Cigar-shaped to oval, budding yeasts
Sporulating hyphae
Found in or on plant materials like roses, plum trees, sphagnum moss and introduced by florist’s wires, splinters, rose/plum tree thorns into subcutaneous tissues
Subcutaneous, nodular, fungal disease is not painful, can spread into the lymphatics (lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis) producing chain of lesions on the extremities
Diagnosis: clinical diagnosis confirmed and generally negative
Treatment: treated with itraconazole
Sporotrichosis, Rose Gardener’s Disease
Sporothrix schenckii
Subcutaneous fungal disease characterized by swelling, sinus tracts erupting through skin, presence of sulfur granules
Third world countries
in soil and vegetation
Eumycotic mycetoma
Pseudoallescheria boydii and Madurella sp