Fundamentals of organisng Flashcards
What are the steps in controlling
monitoring performance
comparing it with goals
taking corrective actions
What is organisational control
systematic process
regulate org. activities
consistent with expectations established in
plans, targets, standards of performance
Why is control needed
adapting to change and uncertainty
detecting irregularities and errors
reducing costs, increasing productivity, adding value
identifying opportunities
dealing with complexities
decentralising decision-making, facilitating teamwork
Why is there uncertainty?
org. goals are future oriented
set on basis on present knowledge
How is uncertainty overcomed with controlling systems?
can monitor changes in environment
react quickly
Why is detecting irregularities and errors early important
save large amount of resources
What are some irregularities?
product defects
cost overrun
staff turnover
customer complaints
What kind of costs do control systems reduce?
labour
wastage
In what aspects are there increased productivity
increased product delivery cycles
What are some opportunities?
competitive prices on materials
population trends
overseas markets
How does controlling help to identify opportunities?
alert managers
bring to notice
How do controls deal with complexities?
keep track of major elements
enhance co-ordination
What levels of control are there?
strategic
tactical
operational
What does strategic control involve?
monitoring critical environment
assess effects of strategic plan
implementation of strategic plans
Who takes care of strategic control? WHy/
top management
organisation-wide persepctive
What is the time frame for strategic control
long-term
quarterly - anually
What is tactical control
implementation of tactical plans
monitor periodic results
taking corrective actions
monitor specific internal and external forces
Who is concerned with tactical control
middle manageres
What is the time frame for tactical control
middle term
weekly or monthly
What is operational control
oversee implementation of operating plans
monitor results
take corrective actions
What is the timeframe for operational control
short term
daily
hourly
weekly
What are the scopes/areas of control
physical resource
human resource
information resource
financial resource
What is physical resource control?
control over tangible products
buildings
equipment
What is human resource control
regulate employee performance
behaviour
What is involved in information resource control
production schedules
sales and marketing forecasting
analyses competition, environment
What is financial resource
control of money and budget
What are the types of control methods
feedforward
concurrent
feedback
The types of control methods vary in
timing
What is feedforward control
future-oriented
take place before work is performed
What is the aim of feedforward control
prevent anticipated problems
control quality and quantity of resources
What is concurrent control
present oriented
take place while work is performed
What is concurrent control aiming for?
monitor on-going activities
consistent with established standards
What is feedback
past oriented
measures taken after work
What is intended in feedback
correct problems
What are the styles of implementing controls?
bureaucratic
decentralised
What are the mechanisms of bureaucratic control
rules and procedures
hierarchy of authority
management control systems
technology
What are the elements in decentralised control
corporate culture
peer group control
self control
technology
What is the controlling process
establish performance standards
measure performance
compare performance against standards
take corrective action
What is the purpose of standards?
employees understand what is expected
detect deficiencies
reduce negative effects
What does the manager have to decide on in measuring performance
how often
means
measure
