Chapter 7: Job Design and Delegation Flashcards
Organisational designs should support and facilitate
Employees doing work efficiently and effectively
The challenges of organisational designs are
Keep employees connected
Managing global structural issues
A major structural design challenger is
Offering flexibility
Keeping widely dispersed, mobile employees connected to the organisation
Employees should be connected to
The organisation
What tools help organisations and employees stay connected?
Mobile computing
Communication technology
Mobile computing, with wireless network enable
Email
Calendar
Contacts
Access to:
Corporate database
Company intranets
Communication technology include
Videoconferencing
Using broadband and webcams
What is the constantly changing encryption code to log into corporate network?
Key fobs
What can you get from corporate network
Company data
Mobile phones can switch
Seamlessly between cellular networks and corporate Wi-Fi connections
Flexibility allows doing work
Anywhere
anytime
An issue in flexibility is
Security
To ensure security companies need to
Protect their important and sensitive information
What is used to ensure security
Software
Disabling devices
Organisations worldwide have similar
Structure
Strategies
Organsiations worldwide have different
Behaviour
Which maintains cultural uniqueness
Cultural implications may affect
Structural design elements
Structural design elements are
Formalization
Mechanistic structure
Formalization is less important in
Economically developed countries
Economically developed countries have
Employees with higher levels of
Professional education
Skills
People who accept mechanistic structures have
High power distance
Countries that have high power distance include
Greece
France
Most Latin America
Formalization refers to
Rules
Bureaucratic mechanisms
No matter what, design should help
Support and facilitate organisation members to carry it work
Help employees do work most effectively and efficiently
An organisation structure is simply
A means to an end
Job satisfaction is
The motivation from performing job components that provide rewards to employees needs
Routine tasks
Have little inherent satisfaction
Job design uses
Motivational theories
To structure work
Job design aims to improve
Satisfaction
Productivity
Job design refers to
The way tasks are combined to complete jobs
There are different combinations hence
Variety of job designs
The 4 major approaches to job design are
Job simplification
Job rotation
Job enlargement
Job enrichment
In job simplification, job holders
Small no. of tasks to perform Tasks are narrow Simple Repetitive Standardized
What are the advantages of job simplification?
Increase efficiency Worker interchangeable (little training, skill judgement required)
What are the disadvantages of job simplification
Reduce job satisfaction
Boring, narrow, repetitive tasks
Job rotation is
Periodically shifting workers
Through set of jobs
In a planned sequence
Increases the number of different tasks
Without increasing complexity of job
Advantages of job rotation are
Reduces boredom
Facilitates cross training
Allow for employee development
The disadvantages of job rotation are
Increased training costs
Decrease productivity by moving worker to new task
Job enlargement is also known as
Broadening job scope
Job enlargement is the
Allocation of wider variety to a job
The purpose of job enlargement is to
Make it more challenging and stimulating
The success of job broadening is
Limited because a few more similar tasks does not make it challenging
Job enrichment is the process of
Expanding a person’s responsibilities
When someone’s responsibilities are expanded, work becomes
Challenging
Satisfying
A persons responsibilities are expanded;
Specialized tasks are expanded
Expansion of specialised tasks allows
Greater decision making responsibility
Autonomy
Increased job depth
Job depth is
the degree to which individuals can plan and control the work involved in their jobs
A guide to job enrichment is the
job characteristics model
The 3 elements of the jcm are
Core job characteristics
Critical psychological states
Outcomes
The core job characteristics are
Skill variety Task identity Task significance Autonomy Feedback
Skill variety is the
Extent to which a job entails
Number of activities that require different skills
Task identity is
The degree to which the job allow the completion of a major identifiable piece of work
Instead of just a fragment
Task significant is
The extent to which the worker sees job output
As having important impact on others
Autonomy is
The amount of discretion allowed in
Determining schedules and work methods
To achieve require output
Feedback is
The degree to which the job provides
Clear
Timely information about performance results
What are the critical psychological states workers would experience?
Work is meaningful
Know that they are responsible for outcomes
Actually finding out about results
The outcomes are
High internal work motivation
High quality work performance
high satisfaction with work
Low absenteeism and turnover
When are work teams used?
When work is designed around groups instead of individuals
The two work teams are
Integrated work teams
Autonomous work teams
Integrated work teams
Accomplish many tasks
Make specific assignments to members
Rotate jobs among themselves
Have supervisor overseeing
Integrated work teams are used in
Building maintenance
Construction
Autonomous teams have
Given goal to achieve
Wider range of discretion
Free to determine work assignments, rest breaks, Inspection procedures
Select their own members
Supervisory positions become less important
Work schedules increase
Job satisfaction and motivation
By employees meeting their needs (personal and work)
The work schedules are
Flexitime
Compressed workweek
Job sharing
Telecommuting
Flexitime is known as
Flexible working hours
Flexitime is a work schedule that
Specifies certain core hours when individuals are expected to be on job
Allows flexibility in starting and quitting times as long as the work the total number is required hours per day
Compressed workweek is a
Work schedule whereby employees work four 10-hr days
Instead of 5 8hr days
Maintain full time weekly hours
Job sharing is a
Work practice in which 2 or more people share a full time job
Total hours worked add up to a full time position
Job sharing is used to
Avoid employee layoffs
During economic downturns
Telecommuting is an
Arrangement that allows employees to perform regular work duties from home or at another location
Telecommuting implies that workers
commute to work by electronic means
