FUNDAMENTAL SOCIALISM

Question 1

What are the 5 features of fundamentalists socialism

Answer 1

Classical marxism

Orthodox communism

Democratic socialism

Euro-communism

Neo-marxism

Question 2

Whose writings was classical marxism

Answer 2

Writings of marx and engels

Question 3

Belief that what must disappear before socialism

Answer 3

Capitalism must disappear before socialism and communism is established

Question 4

What did fundamental socialists believe capitalism promoted

Answer 4

Exploitation, alienation and oppression of the working class and therefore in conflict with socialism’s key principles of fraternity, solidarity and equality

Question 5

Marxs and engels believe that history was what

Answer 5

A series of economic stages

Question 6

Marx and engels believed capitalism was what

Answer 6

“historically doomed” due to class consciousness which would arise within the proletariat

Question 7

What socialist philosophy was marx and engels

Answer 7

Revolutionary socialism - believed capitalism had to be overthrown by revolution

Question 8

Before the russian revolution what did lenin think about marx

Answer 8

Lenin had great respect to the ideas of marx but his vision of revolutionary socialism differed

Question 9

What did lenin disagree with over revolutionary socialism

Answer 9

That revolution could only occur in countries with capitalism and the proletariat was well developed

Question 10

What was lenin’s view of revolutionary socialism

Answer 10

Revolution in pre-industrial areas should be the cause and not the effect of socialist ideas

Question 11

Revolution in early capitalist societies would do what

Answer 11

prevent the masses from developing sympathy for capitalist values

Question 12

How did rosa Luxembourg disagree with Lenin’s socialism

Answer 12

She was concerned that his impatience could make revolutionary socialism irrelevant to already industrialised masses - Germany

Question 13

Where was the dispute between lenin and Luxembourg

Answer 13

Over how revolution should arise and be conducted

Question 14

Lenin stressed the importance of what

Answer 14

A revolutionary elite or “vanguard”

Question 15

What would lenin’s revolutionary elite do

Answer 15

4 vital tasks:

plot and plan otherthrow of regime
Incite and organise revolution
Start educating masses of socialist ideas
Once regime fell, form communist party to embody dictatorship of proletariat

Question 16

The practice of orthodox communism was seen as what

Answer 16

Oppressive and brutal

Question 17

Example soviet union being oppressive and brutal

Answer 17

Soviet union and stalin collectivised agriculture and “fire year plan” industrial movement while either relocating or killing a whole peasant class in the process

Question 18

Example of china being oppressive

Answer 18

Under Mao his “cultural revolution” became a campaign of prosecution of traditional Chinese values

Question 19

Stalin and Trotsky differed in their vision of what

Answer 19

Securing a new socialist state

Question 20

How did stalin and trotsky differ over views of achieving a socialist state

Answer 20

Stalin rejected trotsky’s theory of “permanent revolution” who argued that a new socialist state could only be achieved if neighboring countries had revolution too, whereas stalin believed that the soviet union should isolate itself from outside world promoting a form of socialist nationalism

Question 21

Why were countries such as cuba and north korea having little evidence of marx’s ultimate objective

Answer 21

These revolutions invoked the idea of vanguard communist parties but they weren’t withering away and the states actually became larger

Question 22

for most revolutionary socialists, who’s ideas are considered the most attractive brand of socialism

Answer 22

Rosa Luxembourg

Question 23

What was the most influential form of socialism

Answer 23

Democratic socialism

Question 24

what was vital for the development of the labour party

Answer 24

Democratic socialism

Question 25

Clause IV heavily influenced by who

Answer 25

Webb and Fabian society - Socialisists

Question 26

What was democratic socialism initially associated with

Answer 26

Bourgeois intellectuals - Beatrice Webb

Question 27

How is webb’s socialism different to marx

Answer 27

Rejects revolutionary change because it is unpredictable, chaotic - not an ideal starting point for a bright and orderly future

Question 28

Believed the extension of what help socialism

Answer 28

Extension of the franchise

Question 29

How did expansion of franchise help socialism

Answer 29

had allowed a more orderly election method to get socialism in

Question 30

What is the inevitability of gradualism

Answer 30

Democratically elected socialist governments would steadily transfor, society using the current parliamentary system, gradually replacing private with common ownership and public control

Question 31

Example of a democratic socialist government

Answer 31

Uk’s post labour government under atlee, intro of welfare state and public ownership

Question 32

Democratic socialism thinking was further updated by who

Answer 32

tony benn

Question 33

what did Benn think about democratic socialism

Answer 33

Restored a belief in fundamental socialism - argued it was impossible to get socialism in capitalist states

Question 34

Did Benn accept democratic socialism

Answer 34

No

Question 35

What did Benn believe the UK needed for socialism

Answer 35

Increase in parliamentary sovereignty, withdrawal of EEC, parliamentary reform with loss of HOL, encouraging mp’s to be socialist

Question 36

What was euro-communism’s belief

Answer 36

That capitalism could be gradually decommissioned, via parliamentary methods and evolutionary socialism, without revolution

Question 37

What did western europe communist parties wish to establish themselves as

Answer 37

Wanted to be seen as radical yet respectable - rejected revolution - instead contested elections

Question 38

Example of a euro-communism socialist

Answer 38

Gramsci

Question 39

What did Gramsci believe

Answer 39

Capitalism could never be overthrown without mass support but hard to achieve as ruling economic class had supreme influence over society’s culture - therefore a counter culture was needed to promote socialist ideas

Question 40

Who was involved in neo-marxism

Answer 40

Socialist thinkers and frankfurt school

Question 41

What did neo-marxism embrace

Answer 41

Idea of cultural hegemony when explaining capitalism’s duality and argued that capitalist values infect the economy but also arts, media and education

Question 42

What did neo-marxism go against

Answer 42

The euro-communism idea that capitalism could be gradually reformed out of existence with long term project of cultural change

Question 43

what did neo-marxists assert

Answer 43

That when the next economic slump came, socialists should advocate revolution

Question 44

What did Ralph Miliband sought to demolish

Answer 44

The idea of gradual socialism. Argued that socialist governments in western europe were confronted by state sponsored, anti-socialist forces

Question 45

What did neo-marxists believe about the parliamentary road to socialism

Answer 45

The parliamentary road to socialism on its own was impossible

Question 46

What did neo-marxists believe they would need a revolution to overthrow

Answer 46

The current status quo, probably spontaneous trade union action such as luxembourg before