FUNDA LEC WEEK 6 (PART 1) 200 SLIDES

Question 1

can cause an infant to feel unwell either by greeting the baby, or
simply by being overly fond of him or her when meeting the child for the first time.
To avoid passing the negative energy and cure the infant of usog, superstition practice
says you must dab your saliva on the baby’s forehead or abdomen. Most people would
often greet the child by saying “pwera usog” meaning protection from the hex. Some
even try to buy their child a bracelet made from black and red or coral beads to fight
usog.logical explanation: for babies feeling unwell after meeting strangers’ infant
react to the stress triggered of seeing unfamiliar faces or people—resulting in anxiety
to the baby; fear of stranger

Answer 1

na usog

Question 2

Several factors can cause hiccups, including swallowing air and eating or
drinking too much or too fast.
Remedies: bite on a slice of lemon, slowly sip ice-cold water while placing
gentle pressure on your nose as you swallow, or hold your breath for a
short time. Stay away from carbonated drinks, eat slower, and consume
smaller meals.

Answer 2

Get rid of a hiccup by placing a short thread wet with saliva on the
forehead.

Question 3

• there is no firm correlation between wet hair, loss of eyesight, and
insanity, so avoiding sleeping with wet hair is mostly for cosmetic
reasons.
• Rubbing wet hair against your pillow can cause hair damage or
breakage. The friction will also lead to you having to deal with a bad
hair day the next morning. If you notice alarming symptoms of vision
loss or a mental health issue, it’s best to visit an eye doctor or a
trusted outpatient care facility and let a medical professional handle it.

Answer 3

Going to bed right after a shower is believed to cause blindness
and insanity.

Question 4

• no evidence confirms this specific pamahiin (superstition) to be true.
• the growth of a child depends on various factors that influence
development, including nutrition, genes, sex, hormones, and
socioeconomic status.
Understanding the culture, healthcare beliefs, and practices of
Filipinos is important, as it affects the way nurses assess their needs
and provide care for their clients. Please read and understand the
topic below.

Answer 4

Stepping over a child will stunt his or her growth.

Question 5

is an awareness of shared interest, objectives, standards, and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes

Answer 5

solidarity

Question 6

it refers to the ties in a society that bind people together as one. commonly termed as the ____________

Answer 6

“pusong pinoy” or “bayanihan spirit”

Question 7

it is helping out one’s neighbor as a community, and doing a task together, thus lessening the workload and making the job easier. it is also called the community spirit and best exhibited when people wish to move locations in the rural area

Answer 7

bayanihan

Question 8

filipino get along with different kinds of people. they can easily adjust to any situation and are flexible. this trait foster cooperation, good and helpful deeds

Answer 8

helping others and gratitude (pakikisama at utang na loob)

Question 9

this concept is central to filipino self-care practices and is applied to all social relationships and encounters. according to this principle health is thought to be a result of balance, while illness due to humoral pathology and stress is usually the result of some imbalance. rapid shifts from “hot” to “cold” cause illness and disorder. illustrated below are a range of humoral balances that influence filipino health perceptions

Answer 9

timbang (balance)

Question 10

are viewed holistically as an equilibrium model. In contrast, other explanatory models may include mystical, personalistic and naturalistic cause of illness or disease

Answer 10

health beliefs and behaviors: theories of illness

Question 11

are often attributed to experiences or behaviours such as ancestral retribution for unfinished tasks or obligation. some believe that the soul goes out from the body and wanders, a phenomenon known as bangungot or that having nightmares after a heavy meal may result in death

Answer 11

mystical causes

Question 12

are associated with social punishment or retribution from a supernatural forces such as evil spirit (manga ga mud) or sorcerer (mangkukulam)

Answer 12

personalistic causes

Question 13

include a host of factors ranging from natural forces (thunder, lightning, drafts, etc, earthquake) to excessive stress, food, and drug incompatibility, infection, or familial susceptibility

Answer 13

naturalistic causes

Question 14

consist of prevention (avoiding inappropriate behavior that leads to imbalance) and curing (restoring balance); it is a system oriented to moderation. parallel to this holistic belief system is the understanding of modern medicine with its own basic logic and principles for treating certain types of diseases. these two systems co-exist and filipino older adults use a dual system of health care

Answer 14

basic logic of health and illness

Question 15

the body is thought to be a vessel or container that collects and eliminates impurities through physiological processess such as sweating, vomiting, expelling gas or having an inappropriate volume of menstrual bleeding

Answer 15

flushing

Question 16

adapts the concept of balance between “hot” and “cold” to prevent occurrence of illness and disorders

Answer 16

heating

Question 17

safeguards the body’s boundaries from outside influences such as supernatural and natural forces

Answer 17

protection

Question 18

5 coping styles common among elderly filipino americans

Answer 18

1. tiyaga
2. lakas ng loob
3. tatawanan ang problema
4. bahala na
5. pakikisama

Question 19

may be defined as “the principles and regulations
established in a community by some authority and applicable
to its people whether in the form of legislation or of custom
and policies recognized by judicial decision

Answer 19

law

Question 20

is a civil wrong or injury for which the court
provides a remedy in the form of money damages
(black ,1999)

Answer 20

tort

Question 21

4 intentional torts

Answer 21

• ASSAULT
• BATTERY
• FALSE IMPRISONMENT
• FRAUD

Question 22

is any intentional threat to bring about
harmful or offensive contact with another individual,
no actual contact is necessary
• Eg. threatening a patient to give an injection
• Restrain a patient for an x-ray procedure when the
patient has refused consent

Answer 22

assault

Question 23

an intentional touching without consent ,the
contact is harmful to the patient and causes an injury , or
it is merely offensive to the patient dignity
• Eg. Giving an injection without patient consent
• A patient gives consent for left knee repair but the
surgeon performs right knee surgery

Answer 23

battery

Question 24

• Making a person stay in pace against is
wishes is false imprisonment
• Eg. Restraining or confining a patient to a
locked room without proper consent could
constitute false imprisonment

Answer 24

false imprisonment

Question 25

• ______ is a willful and purposeful misrepresentation
that could cause or caused harm to a person or
property
• Eg. giving incorrect information to obtain a better
positon or job

Answer 25

fraud

Question 26

2 unintentional torts

Answer 26

• NEGLIGENCE
• MALPRACTICE

Question 27

• Negligence is conduct that falls below the standard
of care
• Malpractice is one type of negligence called
professional negligence

Answer 27

true

Question 28

is a patients agreement to allow something to happen, such as surgery based
on a full disclosure of risks, benefits alternatives and
consequences of refusal (Black, 1999)

Answer 28

informed content

Question 29

advance directives are legal
documents stating the wishes of individuals regarding health
care in institutions in which they are no longer capable of giving
personal informed consent

Answer 29

advance directive

Question 30

In India 5,00,000 people die
because of non availability of
organs per year and 1,50,000 people
await a kidney transplant but only
5,000 get one 10 lakh people suffer
from corneal blindness and await
transplant (Times of india)
Types: live donation and cadaveric
donation

Answer 30

organ and tissue organ

Question 31

• The word ______ derived from the Greek term ethos,
which means ‘customs`
• ________ can be defined as a branch of philosophy that
involves systematizing , defending and recommending
concepts of right and wrong conduct, often addressing
deputes of moral diversity(wikipedia)

Answer 31

ethics

Question 32

6 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES ASPECTS OF NURSING

Answer 32

1. Autonomy
2. Beneficence
3. Nonmaleficence
4. Fidelity
5. Justice
6. veracity

Question 33

• It involves the right of self-determination or
choice, independence and freedom
• Eg;the purposes of the preoperative consent
is to assure in writing that the health care
team respects the patients independence by
obtaining permission to proceed

Answer 33

autonomy

Question 34

• This principle promotes taking positive, active
steps to help others
• Eg; a child immunisation causes discomfort during
administration but the benefits of protection from
disease both individual and for society,outweigh
the temporary discomforts

Answer 34

beneficence

Question 35

It refers to the fundamental agreement to do
no harm

Answer 35

nonmaleficence

Question 36

• It refers to the agreement to keep promises ,
commitments ,responsibilities that one has made
oneself and others
• Eg; if you assess a patient for pain and then offer
a plan to manage it, this principle encourages you
to do your best to keep the promise to improve
the patients comfort

Answer 36

fidelity

Question 37

• Telling the truth or intentionally decieving or
misleading patient
• Eg; should you tell the truth when you know that it might cause harm to the client?
• families go to great lengthens to protect a dying
patient from the harsh truth of his prognosis ,and
the patient himself may not wish to know

Answer 37

veracity

Question 38

• It refers principle of fairness
• It implies equal treatment of all clients
• Eg ;a national multidisciplinary committee
strives for fairness by ranking recipients
according to need, rather than resorting to
selling organs .

Answer 38

justice

Question 39

is defined as `a specific set of
professional behaviours and values the
professional interpreter must know and abide
by including confidentiality, accuracy, privacy,
integrity.

Answer 39

code of ethics

Question 40

An ethical dilemma is a situation in
which a choice must be made between
two equally undesirable actions

Answer 40

ethical dilemma

Question 41

A person shall be deemed to be practicing
nursing within the meaning of this Act
when he/she singly or in collaboration
with another, initiates and performs
nursing services to individuals, families
and communities in any health care
setting.
 It includes, but not limited to, nursing
care during
◦ conception,
◦ labor,
◦ delivery,
◦ infancy,
◦ childhood

Answer 41

Section 28. Scope of Nursing

Question 42

a) Be a RN in the Philippines;
b) Have at 2 years experience in general
nursing service administration;
c) Possess a degree of Bachelors of Science in
Nursing, with at least nine (9) units in
management and administration courses at
the graduate level; and
d) Be a member of good standing of the
accredited professional organization of
nurse

Answer 42

Section 29. Qualification of
Nursing Service Administrators

Question 43

10 KEY PHASES:

Answer 43

Phase 1 – Work Setting scenario
Phase 2 – Validation studies of roles and responsibilities/Benchmarking
Phase 3 – Integrative review of outputs from the validation strategies
Phase 4 – Core competency consensual validation
Phase 5 – Conduct of public hearing
Phase 6 – Promulgation of the revised and modified core competency
standards.
Phase 7 – Printing of the revised and modified core competency
standards.
Phase 8 – Training in the implementation of the revised core competency
standards.
Phase 9 – Implementation of the revised core competency standards.
Phase 10 – Evaluation of effectiveness of the revised core competency
standards.

Question 44

• Every person has a right to health and medical care corresponding
to his state of health, without any discrimination and within the
limits of the resources, manpower and competence available for
health and medical care at the relevant time.
• The patient has the right to appropriate health and medical care of
good quality.
• In the course of such care, his human dignity, convictions, integrity,
individual
• needs and culture shall be respected.

Answer 44

Right to Appropriate Medical Care and Humane
Treatment

Question 45

• The patient has a right to a clear, truthful and
• substantial explanation, in a manner and language
understandable to the patient,
• of all proposed procedures, whether diagnostic, preventive,
curative, rehabilitative
• or therapeutic, wherein the person who will perform the said
procedure shall provide his name and credentials to the
patient, possibilities of any risk of mortality or serious side
effects

Answer 45

Right to Informed Consent

Question 46

• The privacy of the patients must be
• assured at all stages of his treatment. The patient has the right to
be free from
• unwarranted public exposure, except in the following cases:
• a) when his mental or physical condition is in controversy and the
appropriate
• court, in its discretion, orders him to submit to a physical or mental
examination by a physician;
• b) when the public health and safety so demand; and
c) when the patient waives this right.

Answer 46

Right To Privacy and Confidentiality

Question 47

In the course of his/her treatment and hospital care,
• the patient or his/her legal guardian has a right to be informed
of the result of the evaluation of the nature and extent of
his/her disease

Answer 47

right to information

Question 48

The patient is free to choose the health care provider to
serve him as well as the facility except when s/he is under the
care of a service facility or when public health and safety so
demands or when the patient expressly or impliedly waives
this right.

Answer 48

The Right To Choose Health Care Provider and
Facility

Question 49

The patient has the right to avail
himself/her self of any recommended diagnostic and
treatment procedures. Any person of legal age and of sound
mind may make an advance written directive for physicians to
administer terminal care when he/she suffers from the
terminal phase of a terminal illness

Answer 49

right to self determination

Question 50

The patient has the right to refuse medical
• Treatment or procedures which may be contrary to his
religious beliefs, subject to the limitations described in the
preceding subsection

Answer 50

right to religious belief

Question 51

The patient is entitled to a summary of his
• medical history and condition, He has the right to view the
contents of his medical records, except psychiatric notes and
other incriminatory information obtained about third parties,
with the attending physician explaining contents thereof

Answer 51

right to medical record

Question 52

• .- The patient has the right to leave a hospital or any other
health care institution regardless of his physical condition:
Provided, That
• a) he/she is in formed of the medical consequences of his/her
decision;
• b) he/she releases those involved in his/her care from any
obligation relative to the consequences of his decision;
• c) his/her decision will not prejudice public health and safety.

Answer 52

right to leave

Question 53

The patient has the right to be advised if the health care
provider plans to involve him in medical research, including but
not limited to human experimentation which may be
performed only with the written informed consent of the
patient.

Answer 53

Right to Refuse Participation in Medical
Research

Question 54

The patient has the right to communicate with relatives and
other persons and to receive visitors subject to reasonable
limits prescribed by the rules and regulations of the health
care institution.

Answer 54

Right to Correspondence and to Receive
Visitors

Question 55

• .- The patient has the right to express
• complaints and grievances about the care and services
received without fear of
• discrimination or reprisal and to know about the disposition of
such complaints.

Answer 55

right to express grievances

Question 56

Every person has the right to be
informed of his rights and obligations
as a patient.

Answer 56

Right to be Informed of His Rights and
Obligations as a Patient

Question 57

WHAT IS NURSING CORE COMPETENCY
STANDARD?

Answer 57

A standard set of
performance domains
and their corresponding
behavioural standards
which a nurse is required
to demonstrate the
necessary knowledge,
skills and attitudes a
nurse must possess in
order to perform a set of
defined activities to an
expected standard

Question 58

Purpose of nursing core competency.

Answer 58

 The Core Competencies set the foundation for RNs to maintain
their competence and to acquire additional competencies or
advanced clinical skills to deliver safe client care in response to
changing healthcare needs and advancement in technology.
 The skills needed by healthcare professionals were determined
by a collaborative effort of healthcare leaders organized under
the Healthcare Leadership Alliance. The skills are grouped
under five core competencies: communication, leadership,
professionalism, knowledge, and business skills.
 To give guidelines to be submitted to CHED such as number of
cases needed to assist by the nurses on practice.

Question 59

Thus, in 2005, as an output of a key project, Board of Nursing Resolution no. 112
Series 0f 2005, adopted and promulgated the Core Competency Standards of Nursing
Practice in the Philippines.
As mandated, the Board of Nursing ensured, through a monitoring and
evaluation scheme, that the core competency standards are implemented and utilized
effectively in nursing education , in the development of test questions for the Nurse
Licensure Examination (NLE),and in nursing service as a basis for orientation, training and
performance appraisal.

Answer 59

true

Question 60

states that the Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing
is empowered to “monitor and enforce quality standards of nursing practice
in the Philippines and exercise the powers necessary to ensure the
maintenance of efficient, ethical and technical, moral and professional
standards in the practice of nursing taking into account the health needs of
the nation.”

Answer 60

Article III, section 9 of Republic Act No. 9173 or the Philippine
Nursing Act of 2002

Question 61

Provides a rational and structured way to
analyse the future. This can help prevent nursing care from becoming fixated on a single,
over-optimistic view of the future and developing nursing plans that assume ideal
conditions and outcomes.

Answer 61

Phase I – Work setting scenario analysis

Question 62

System is designed to
help programs evaluate,
track, and document the
competencies the
program expects its
students to achieve. This
system is a key
component of a broader
approach to competency-
based education and
training in professional
nursing

Answer 62

Phase II –Validation
studies of roles and
responsibilities/
Benchmarking of core
competencies with other

Question 63

 To provide a greater comprehensive
understanding of a particular
phenomenon or healthcare problem.
 To support new knowledge and
experiences. By doing this, learners
draw on their skills and apply them to
new experiences at a more complex
level.

Answer 63

Phase III- Integrative review of
outputs from the validation
strategies

Question 64

 ConsensualValidation refers to the
agreement of two or more
perspectives on reality. This is when
two or more separate individuals
agree on observed events.
 Similarly implies that we will enjoy
the same things with the other
person.

Answer 64

Phase IV- Consensual Validation of
Core Competency Standards

Question 65

A formal proceeding held in order to receive testimony from all
interested parties – including the general public on a proposed issue or
action. Those interested in providing testimony will be sworn in usually
by a court stenographer and be allowed to present oral comments.

Answer 65

PhaseV – Conduct of Public hearing

Question 66

 Formally putting it into effect, by
public declaration: Upon adoption,
signing, and promulgation of these
provisions in the established
procedure, they acquire the power of
law

Answer 66

Phase VI – Promulgation of the
Revised and Modified Core
Competency Standards

Question 67

This will serve as guide to ensure
proper embedding and spreading of
the 2012 National Nursing Core
Competency Standards (NNCCS) in
both nursing education and nursing
service (hospital-based and
community-based).

Answer 67

Phase VII- Printing of the Revised and
Modified core competency Standards
(2012 NNCCS)

Question 68

The training modules were
prepared by nursing experts from
the academe, service and
community to ensure that
examples, case studies and
scenarios in the workplace were
realistic and relevant and to ensure
compliance with the NNCCS.

Answer 68

Phase VIII- Training in the
implementation of the 2012
National Nursing Core
Competency Standards

Question 69

It is about putting a plan into
action and to practice the work of
nursing standard.

Answer 69

Phase IX - Implementation of the
2012 National Nursing Core
Competency Standards

Question 70

 To determine if the expected comletencies on managing a nursing
services is effectively achieved.

Answer 70

Phase X - Evaluation of the effectiveness of the 2012 National Nursing Core Competency Standards

Question 71

To promote relevant and
quality higher education,
ensuring access to quality
higher education, and
guaranteeing and protecting
academic freedom for
continuing intellectual growth,
development of responsible
and effective leadership

Answer 71

Basic Nursing Education
Program in the Philippines
through the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED).

Question 72

To grants permission to
practice professional nursing
and ensure that the person
holding the license has met
the minimum, first, or entry- level competencies to safely
perform nursing activities
within the scope of
professional nursing practice.

Answer 72

Competency-based Test
Framework as the basis for
the development of course
syllabi and test questions for
“entry level” nursing practice
in the Philippine Nurse
Licensure Examination.

Question 73

The Standards of Professional
Nursing Practice
are authoritative statements
of the duties that all
registered nurses, regardless
of role, population or
specialty are expected to
perform competently .

Answer 73

Standards of Professional
Nursing Practice in various
settings in the Philippines.

Question 74

To help develop or move towards a more advanced state of a
person’s qualifications, job, title, position, or profession, it outlines
the route that one may follow in order to reach identified career
development goals.

Answer 74

National Career Progression Program (NCPP) for nursing practice in
the Philippines.

Question 75

The student evaluation of
nursing practice is the
primary instrument that the
nursing institution in the
Philippines uses to assess
competency level or
standard of care
performance especially
through return
demonstration practice in
actual hospital settings.
Other most commonly used
method of evaluation is
questionnaire in which an
individual attempts answers
in writing on a paper or even
surveys.

Answer 75

Any or related evaluation
tools in various practice settings
in the Philippines