FUNDA LEC WEEK 6 (PART 1) 200 SLIDES Flashcards
can cause an infant to feel unwell either by greeting the baby, or
simply by being overly fond of him or her when meeting the child for the first time.
To avoid passing the negative energy and cure the infant of usog, superstition practice
says you must dab your saliva on the baby’s forehead or abdomen. Most people would
often greet the child by saying “pwera usog” meaning protection from the hex. Some
even try to buy their child a bracelet made from black and red or coral beads to fight
usog.logical explanation: for babies feeling unwell after meeting strangers’ infant
react to the stress triggered of seeing unfamiliar faces or people—resulting in anxiety
to the baby; fear of stranger
na usog
Several factors can cause hiccups, including swallowing air and eating or
drinking too much or too fast.
Remedies: bite on a slice of lemon, slowly sip ice-cold water while placing
gentle pressure on your nose as you swallow, or hold your breath for a
short time. Stay away from carbonated drinks, eat slower, and consume
smaller meals.
Get rid of a hiccup by placing a short thread wet with saliva on the
forehead.
• there is no firm correlation between wet hair, loss of eyesight, and
insanity, so avoiding sleeping with wet hair is mostly for cosmetic
reasons.
• Rubbing wet hair against your pillow can cause hair damage or
breakage. The friction will also lead to you having to deal with a bad
hair day the next morning. If you notice alarming symptoms of vision
loss or a mental health issue, it’s best to visit an eye doctor or a
trusted outpatient care facility and let a medical professional handle it.
Going to bed right after a shower is believed to cause blindness
and insanity.
• no evidence confirms this specific pamahiin (superstition) to be true.
• the growth of a child depends on various factors that influence
development, including nutrition, genes, sex, hormones, and
socioeconomic status.
Understanding the culture, healthcare beliefs, and practices of
Filipinos is important, as it affects the way nurses assess their needs
and provide care for their clients. Please read and understand the
topic below.
Stepping over a child will stunt his or her growth.
is an awareness of shared interest, objectives, standards, and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes
solidarity
it refers to the ties in a society that bind people together as one. commonly termed as the ____________
“pusong pinoy” or “bayanihan spirit”
it is helping out one’s neighbor as a community, and doing a task together, thus lessening the workload and making the job easier. it is also called the community spirit and best exhibited when people wish to move locations in the rural area
bayanihan
filipino get along with different kinds of people. they can easily adjust to any situation and are flexible. this trait foster cooperation, good and helpful deeds
helping others and gratitude (pakikisama at utang na loob)
this concept is central to filipino self-care practices and is applied to all social relationships and encounters. according to this principle health is thought to be a result of balance, while illness due to humoral pathology and stress is usually the result of some imbalance. rapid shifts from “hot” to “cold” cause illness and disorder. illustrated below are a range of humoral balances that influence filipino health perceptions
timbang (balance)
are viewed holistically as an equilibrium model. In contrast, other explanatory models may include mystical, personalistic and naturalistic cause of illness or disease
health beliefs and behaviors: theories of illness
are often attributed to experiences or behaviours such as ancestral retribution for unfinished tasks or obligation. some believe that the soul goes out from the body and wanders, a phenomenon known as bangungot or that having nightmares after a heavy meal may result in death
mystical causes
are associated with social punishment or retribution from a supernatural forces such as evil spirit (manga ga mud) or sorcerer (mangkukulam)
personalistic causes
include a host of factors ranging from natural forces (thunder, lightning, drafts, etc, earthquake) to excessive stress, food, and drug incompatibility, infection, or familial susceptibility
naturalistic causes
consist of prevention (avoiding inappropriate behavior that leads to imbalance) and curing (restoring balance); it is a system oriented to moderation. parallel to this holistic belief system is the understanding of modern medicine with its own basic logic and principles for treating certain types of diseases. these two systems co-exist and filipino older adults use a dual system of health care
basic logic of health and illness
the body is thought to be a vessel or container that collects and eliminates impurities through physiological processess such as sweating, vomiting, expelling gas or having an inappropriate volume of menstrual bleeding
flushing
adapts the concept of balance between “hot” and “cold” to prevent occurrence of illness and disorders
heating
safeguards the body’s boundaries from outside influences such as supernatural and natural forces
protection
5 coping styles common among elderly filipino americans
- tiyaga
- lakas ng loob
- tatawanan ang problema
- bahala na
- pakikisama
may be defined as “the principles and regulations
established in a community by some authority and applicable
to its people whether in the form of legislation or of custom
and policies recognized by judicial decision
law
is a civil wrong or injury for which the court
provides a remedy in the form of money damages
(black ,1999)
tort
4 intentional torts
• ASSAULT
• BATTERY
• FALSE IMPRISONMENT
• FRAUD
is any intentional threat to bring about
harmful or offensive contact with another individual,
no actual contact is necessary
• Eg. threatening a patient to give an injection
• Restrain a patient for an x-ray procedure when the
patient has refused consent
assault
an intentional touching without consent ,the
contact is harmful to the patient and causes an injury , or
it is merely offensive to the patient dignity
• Eg. Giving an injection without patient consent
• A patient gives consent for left knee repair but the
surgeon performs right knee surgery
battery
• Making a person stay in pace against is
wishes is false imprisonment
• Eg. Restraining or confining a patient to a
locked room without proper consent could
constitute false imprisonment
false imprisonment
• ______ is a willful and purposeful misrepresentation
that could cause or caused harm to a person or
property
• Eg. giving incorrect information to obtain a better
positon or job
fraud
2 unintentional torts
• NEGLIGENCE
• MALPRACTICE
• Negligence is conduct that falls below the standard
of care
• Malpractice is one type of negligence called
professional negligence
true
is a patients agreement to allow something to happen, such as surgery based
on a full disclosure of risks, benefits alternatives and
consequences of refusal (Black, 1999)
informed content
advance directives are legal
documents stating the wishes of individuals regarding health
care in institutions in which they are no longer capable of giving
personal informed consent
advance directive
In India 5,00,000 people die
because of non availability of
organs per year and 1,50,000 people
await a kidney transplant but only
5,000 get one 10 lakh people suffer
from corneal blindness and await
transplant (Times of india)
Types: live donation and cadaveric
donation
organ and tissue organ
• The word ______ derived from the Greek term ethos,
which means ‘customs`
• ________ can be defined as a branch of philosophy that
involves systematizing , defending and recommending
concepts of right and wrong conduct, often addressing
deputes of moral diversity(wikipedia)
ethics
6 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES ASPECTS OF NURSING
- Autonomy
- Beneficence
- Nonmaleficence
- Fidelity
- Justice
- veracity
• It involves the right of self-determination or
choice, independence and freedom
• Eg;the purposes of the preoperative consent
is to assure in writing that the health care
team respects the patients independence by
obtaining permission to proceed
autonomy
• This principle promotes taking positive, active
steps to help others
• Eg; a child immunisation causes discomfort during
administration but the benefits of protection from
disease both individual and for society,outweigh
the temporary discomforts
beneficence
It refers to the fundamental agreement to do
no harm
nonmaleficence
• It refers to the agreement to keep promises ,
commitments ,responsibilities that one has made
oneself and others
• Eg; if you assess a patient for pain and then offer
a plan to manage it, this principle encourages you
to do your best to keep the promise to improve
the patients comfort
fidelity
• Telling the truth or intentionally decieving or
misleading patient
• Eg; should you tell the truth when you know that it might cause harm to the client?
• families go to great lengthens to protect a dying
patient from the harsh truth of his prognosis ,and
the patient himself may not wish to know
veracity
• It refers principle of fairness
• It implies equal treatment of all clients
• Eg ;a national multidisciplinary committee
strives for fairness by ranking recipients
according to need, rather than resorting to
selling organs .
justice
is defined as `a specific set of
professional behaviours and values the
professional interpreter must know and abide
by including confidentiality, accuracy, privacy,
integrity.
code of ethics
An ethical dilemma is a situation in
which a choice must be made between
two equally undesirable actions
ethical dilemma
A person shall be deemed to be practicing
nursing within the meaning of this Act
when he/she singly or in collaboration
with another, initiates and performs
nursing services to individuals, families
and communities in any health care
setting.
It includes, but not limited to, nursing
care during
◦ conception,
◦ labor,
◦ delivery,
◦ infancy,
◦ childhood
Section 28. Scope of Nursing
a) Be a RN in the Philippines;
b) Have at 2 years experience in general
nursing service administration;
c) Possess a degree of Bachelors of Science in
Nursing, with at least nine (9) units in
management and administration courses at
the graduate level; and
d) Be a member of good standing of the
accredited professional organization of
nurse
Section 29. Qualification of
Nursing Service Administrators
10 KEY PHASES:
Phase 1 – Work Setting scenario
Phase 2 – Validation studies of roles and responsibilities/Benchmarking
Phase 3 – Integrative review of outputs from the validation strategies
Phase 4 – Core competency consensual validation
Phase 5 – Conduct of public hearing
Phase 6 – Promulgation of the revised and modified core competency
standards.
Phase 7 – Printing of the revised and modified core competency
standards.
Phase 8 – Training in the implementation of the revised core competency
standards.
Phase 9 – Implementation of the revised core competency standards.
Phase 10 – Evaluation of effectiveness of the revised core competency
standards.
• Every person has a right to health and medical care corresponding
to his state of health, without any discrimination and within the
limits of the resources, manpower and competence available for
health and medical care at the relevant time.
• The patient has the right to appropriate health and medical care of
good quality.
• In the course of such care, his human dignity, convictions, integrity,
individual
• needs and culture shall be respected.
Right to Appropriate Medical Care and Humane
Treatment
• The patient has a right to a clear, truthful and
• substantial explanation, in a manner and language
understandable to the patient,
• of all proposed procedures, whether diagnostic, preventive,
curative, rehabilitative
• or therapeutic, wherein the person who will perform the said
procedure shall provide his name and credentials to the
patient, possibilities of any risk of mortality or serious side
effects
Right to Informed Consent
• The privacy of the patients must be
• assured at all stages of his treatment. The patient has the right to
be free from
• unwarranted public exposure, except in the following cases:
• a) when his mental or physical condition is in controversy and the
appropriate
• court, in its discretion, orders him to submit to a physical or mental
examination by a physician;
• b) when the public health and safety so demand; and
c) when the patient waives this right.
Right To Privacy and Confidentiality
In the course of his/her treatment and hospital care,
• the patient or his/her legal guardian has a right to be informed
of the result of the evaluation of the nature and extent of
his/her disease
right to information
The patient is free to choose the health care provider to
serve him as well as the facility except when s/he is under the
care of a service facility or when public health and safety so
demands or when the patient expressly or impliedly waives
this right.
The Right To Choose Health Care Provider and
Facility
The patient has the right to avail
himself/her self of any recommended diagnostic and
treatment procedures. Any person of legal age and of sound
mind may make an advance written directive for physicians to
administer terminal care when he/she suffers from the
terminal phase of a terminal illness
right to self determination
The patient has the right to refuse medical
• Treatment or procedures which may be contrary to his
religious beliefs, subject to the limitations described in the
preceding subsection
right to religious belief
The patient is entitled to a summary of his
• medical history and condition, He has the right to view the
contents of his medical records, except psychiatric notes and
other incriminatory information obtained about third parties,
with the attending physician explaining contents thereof
right to medical record
• .- The patient has the right to leave a hospital or any other
health care institution regardless of his physical condition:
Provided, That
• a) he/she is in formed of the medical consequences of his/her
decision;
• b) he/she releases those involved in his/her care from any
obligation relative to the consequences of his decision;
• c) his/her decision will not prejudice public health and safety.
right to leave
The patient has the right to be advised if the health care
provider plans to involve him in medical research, including but
not limited to human experimentation which may be
performed only with the written informed consent of the
patient.
Right to Refuse Participation in Medical
Research
The patient has the right to communicate with relatives and
other persons and to receive visitors subject to reasonable
limits prescribed by the rules and regulations of the health
care institution.
Right to Correspondence and to Receive
Visitors
• .- The patient has the right to express
• complaints and grievances about the care and services
received without fear of
• discrimination or reprisal and to know about the disposition of
such complaints.
right to express grievances
Every person has the right to be
informed of his rights and obligations
as a patient.
Right to be Informed of His Rights and
Obligations as a Patient
WHAT IS NURSING CORE COMPETENCY
STANDARD?
A standard set of
performance domains
and their corresponding
behavioural standards
which a nurse is required
to demonstrate the
necessary knowledge,
skills and attitudes a
nurse must possess in
order to perform a set of
defined activities to an
expected standard
Purpose of nursing core competency.
The Core Competencies set the foundation for RNs to maintain
their competence and to acquire additional competencies or
advanced clinical skills to deliver safe client care in response to
changing healthcare needs and advancement in technology.
The skills needed by healthcare professionals were determined
by a collaborative effort of healthcare leaders organized under
the Healthcare Leadership Alliance. The skills are grouped
under five core competencies: communication, leadership,
professionalism, knowledge, and business skills.
To give guidelines to be submitted to CHED such as number of
cases needed to assist by the nurses on practice.
Thus, in 2005, as an output of a key project, Board of Nursing Resolution no. 112
Series 0f 2005, adopted and promulgated the Core Competency Standards of Nursing
Practice in the Philippines.
As mandated, the Board of Nursing ensured, through a monitoring and
evaluation scheme, that the core competency standards are implemented and utilized
effectively in nursing education , in the development of test questions for the Nurse
Licensure Examination (NLE),and in nursing service as a basis for orientation, training and
performance appraisal.
true
states that the Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing
is empowered to “monitor and enforce quality standards of nursing practice
in the Philippines and exercise the powers necessary to ensure the
maintenance of efficient, ethical and technical, moral and professional
standards in the practice of nursing taking into account the health needs of
the nation.”
Article III, section 9 of Republic Act No. 9173 or the Philippine
Nursing Act of 2002
Provides a rational and structured way to
analyse the future. This can help prevent nursing care from becoming fixated on a single,
over-optimistic view of the future and developing nursing plans that assume ideal
conditions and outcomes.
Phase I – Work setting scenario analysis
System is designed to
help programs evaluate,
track, and document the
competencies the
program expects its
students to achieve. This
system is a key
component of a broader
approach to competency-
based education and
training in professional
nursing
Phase II –Validation
studies of roles and
responsibilities/
Benchmarking of core
competencies with other
To provide a greater comprehensive
understanding of a particular
phenomenon or healthcare problem.
To support new knowledge and
experiences. By doing this, learners
draw on their skills and apply them to
new experiences at a more complex
level.
Phase III- Integrative review of
outputs from the validation
strategies
ConsensualValidation refers to the
agreement of two or more
perspectives on reality. This is when
two or more separate individuals
agree on observed events.
Similarly implies that we will enjoy
the same things with the other
person.
Phase IV- Consensual Validation of
Core Competency Standards
A formal proceeding held in order to receive testimony from all
interested parties – including the general public on a proposed issue or
action. Those interested in providing testimony will be sworn in usually
by a court stenographer and be allowed to present oral comments.
PhaseV – Conduct of Public hearing
Formally putting it into effect, by
public declaration: Upon adoption,
signing, and promulgation of these
provisions in the established
procedure, they acquire the power of
law
Phase VI – Promulgation of the
Revised and Modified Core
Competency Standards
This will serve as guide to ensure
proper embedding and spreading of
the 2012 National Nursing Core
Competency Standards (NNCCS) in
both nursing education and nursing
service (hospital-based and
community-based).
Phase VII- Printing of the Revised and
Modified core competency Standards
(2012 NNCCS)
The training modules were
prepared by nursing experts from
the academe, service and
community to ensure that
examples, case studies and
scenarios in the workplace were
realistic and relevant and to ensure
compliance with the NNCCS.
Phase VIII- Training in the
implementation of the 2012
National Nursing Core
Competency Standards
It is about putting a plan into
action and to practice the work of
nursing standard.
Phase IX - Implementation of the
2012 National Nursing Core
Competency Standards
To determine if the expected comletencies on managing a nursing
services is effectively achieved.
Phase X - Evaluation of the effectiveness of the 2012 National Nursing Core Competency Standards
To promote relevant and
quality higher education,
ensuring access to quality
higher education, and
guaranteeing and protecting
academic freedom for
continuing intellectual growth,
development of responsible
and effective leadership
Basic Nursing Education
Program in the Philippines
through the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED).
To grants permission to
practice professional nursing
and ensure that the person
holding the license has met
the minimum, first, or entry- level competencies to safely
perform nursing activities
within the scope of
professional nursing practice.
Competency-based Test
Framework as the basis for
the development of course
syllabi and test questions for
“entry level” nursing practice
in the Philippine Nurse
Licensure Examination.
The Standards of Professional
Nursing Practice
are authoritative statements
of the duties that all
registered nurses, regardless
of role, population or
specialty are expected to
perform competently .
Standards of Professional
Nursing Practice in various
settings in the Philippines.
To help develop or move towards a more advanced state of a
person’s qualifications, job, title, position, or profession, it outlines
the route that one may follow in order to reach identified career
development goals.
National Career Progression Program (NCPP) for nursing practice in
the Philippines.
The student evaluation of
nursing practice is the
primary instrument that the
nursing institution in the
Philippines uses to assess
competency level or
standard of care
performance especially
through return
demonstration practice in
actual hospital settings.
Other most commonly used
method of evaluation is
questionnaire in which an
individual attempts answers
in writing on a paper or even
surveys.
Any or related evaluation
tools in various practice settings
in the Philippines
