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Ncsf Advance Concepts Of Personal Training > Functional Anatomy > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Component that provides rigidity

A

Mineral

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2
Q

Component that makes it resistant to tension

A

Protein

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3
Q

What is hardened by calcium salts and acts as a reservoir of calcium; maintenance of extracellular calcium concentration

A

Bone tissue

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4
Q

Calcium salts represent how much of the calcium body storage

A

98%

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5
Q

When extracellular levels fall too low, calcium is recruited from______ and mobilised to alt physiological destination based on need

A

Bone storage

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6
Q

__________Reflects the concentration in mineral in the bones, Significant reduction in __________ can lead to pre-disease condition known as osteopenia before progressing to the disease state known as ________

Represents the surface area of bones

A

Bone mineral density BMD
Osteoporosis
Bone mass

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7
Q

Skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and rib cage

A

Axial skeleton

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8
Q

Limbs and respective girdles

Synovial movement as well

A

Appendicular skeleton

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9
Q

cartilage is ossified in the _____ of long bones

About _____% of bone mass is obtained by age

A

Epiphyseal plates

90%

18

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10
Q

Bone development n children is critical and, consumption of ____ and _____ and participation in physical activity is vital

A

Vitamin d and calcium

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11
Q

BMD can be improved until age ____

The following factors dictate the rate of decline____ _____ ____

A

30

genetics behaviours lifestyle

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12
Q

Articulation; the intersection of two bones

A

Joint

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13
Q

Three joint classifications
Mineral
Moderate
Considerate

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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14
Q

_____ and _____ provide structural support to strengthen joints

______Tough fibrous band of connective-tissue that supports internal organs and holds pounds together properly in joints

______ tough fibrous band of connective-tissue that connects muscles to bones

A

Ligaments and tendons
Ligaments
Tendons

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15
Q

Extremely flexible joints

A

HYPERmobility

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16
Q

Individuals with ____ and _____ should: strength and the surrounding tissue to encourage stability and be Cautious in half force activities

A

Joint laxity

HYPERmobility

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17
Q

Increases in bone mass occur from the formation of new bone on the surface of existing bone tissue called

Bone length is attributed to

A

Appositional growth

Endochondral

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18
Q

What 2 major components make up the skeleton

A

Mineral and protein

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19
Q

How joints work:

Articulating surfaces provide ____
Local stabilisers create ____ that act on bone
_____ is structured in a way that produces a manage sufficient force development

A

Structural support
Internal force
connective-tissue

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20
Q

Name the 3 purposes of skeletal muscles

A
  • Pulls on tendons; producing movement
  • Produce tension, maintaining posture and sustaining body positions
  • supports soft tissue
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21
Q

What is muscle fascia (fibrous connective tissue)

A

Separates muscles and muscle groups

Provides shape to the arranged fibers it contains

Maintains intramuscular tension.

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22
Q

Three parts of the skeletal muscular architecture

A

Muscle fascia
Myofibrils
Myofilaments

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23
Q

Long cylinder like fibers (muscle cells)

A

Myofibrils

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24
Q

Proteins within Myofibrils that set the actions of muscle into motion

A

Myofilaments

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25
Q

Thick Myofilaments

Thin filaments

A

Myosin

Actin

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26
Q

Describes locations positions and movements of limbs or other anatomical structures

A

Anatomical position

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27
Q

Describe the three positional lines and movement planes

Side by side-
Front n back
Superior n inferior components

Cable lat pulldown
Forward lunge
Cable truck rotation

A

Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse

Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse

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28
Q

Transverse cartilaginous plate near the end of a child’s bone that is responsible for the lengthening growth of bone.

A

Epiphyseal plate

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29
Q

Initial abduction (0-30%) of the humerus is caused by the _____ muscle, which also serves to stabilize the shoulder joint

A

Supraspinatus muscle

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30
Q

Increasing the length of the _____ will increse the difficulty of exercise

A

Resistance Arm

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31
Q

the ______ consists of a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

A

motor unit

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32
Q

Causes trunk rotation and lateral flexion

A

external oblique

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33
Q

During an abdominal curl-up it is important that the pelvis remains tilted ____ during abdominal flexion due to the fact that the abdominals connect to the pelvis and not the femur

A

posteriorly

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34
Q

the primary muscle(s) trained during the supine pull over exercise include ______

A

latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major

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35
Q

an anterior pelvic tilt would cause an increased ______ spinal curvature of the lumbar spine

A

lordotic

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36
Q

5 vertebral columns

A 
cervical 
thoracic
lunbar
sacral
coccygeal
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37
Q 
vertebrae per region:
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal
A 
7
12
5
1
1
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38
Q 
four curvature of the vertebral column are:
cervical -
thoracic -
sacral- 
lumbar -
A

lordotic
kyphotic
kyphotic
lordotic

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39
Q

an abnormal concave (inward) curvature of the spine:creates a swayback appearance

A

Lordotic (lord lives in a cave)

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40
Q

abnormal convex (outward) curve of upper portion of spine, creates a humpback

A

Kyphotic

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41
Q

spine that retains natural curves

A

neutral spine

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42
Q

small ____, base of neck
small_____, middle of back
small ____, lower back

A

lordotic
kyphotic
lordotic

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43
Q

fibrocartilaginous disc serve as a cushion between vertebrae of spinal column

A

intervertebral discs

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44
Q

Before or in front

A

Anterior or ventral

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45
Q

Behind a part or toward the rear

A

Posterior /dorsal

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46
Q

Crease of the axilla (underarm)

A

Anterior axillary line

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47
Q

Two dimensional connect anterior to posterior and superior to inferior. Front to back and top to bottom

A

Sagittal plane

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48
Q

Corresponding with the Sagittarius plane is the _____

Frontal or ______dissects into____ and _____
Runs_____to_______ and ____ to _____

A

Transverse axis.

Coronal

Front n back
Side side
Superior to inferior (top to bottom)

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49
Q

Axis of rotation for the transverse plane.

A

Longitudinal axis

50
Q

Perpendicular line drawn downward from apex of axilla

A

Midaxillary

51
Q

Nearest to the point of attachment or origin

A

Proximal

52
Q

Farthest from point of attachment As a limb or bone

A

Distal

53
Q

At,in, near, or being the center, dividing into right left halves

A

Medial

54
Q

Situated or extending away from the medial line plane of the body

A

Lateral

55
Q

Same side of body

A

Ipsilateral

56
Q

Opposite side of body

A

Contra lateral

57
Q

Shallow proximity in relation to surface

Ex:trapezius _____ to the rhomboids

A

Superficial

58
Q

Extending inward in relation to surface layer

A

Deep

59
Q

Bend; hinge joints… Articulating bones move closer together in ball n socket joints, the limb moves anterior to Midaxillary line

A

Flexion

60
Q

Straighten or extend; in hinge joints the articulating bones move away from each other;
Ball n socket, limbs move posterior to Midaxillary line

A

Extension

61
Q

Spinal movement to the left to right occurs at the neck and trunk

A

Lateral Flexion

62
Q

Movement of a structure for the anterior surface in a straight horizontal line

A

Protraction

63
Q

Movement back to the anatomical position or additionally, posterior to functional range of motion

A

Retraction

64
Q

Movement of the ball of the foot towards the Shin

A

Dorsi flexion

65
Q

Foot movement towards the ______ surface

Downward movement

A

Plantar flexion

66
Q

Unique rotation of the forearm which crosses the radius and ulna. The palm faces posterior ;prone means lying face down

A

Pronation

67
Q

Unique rotation of the forearm where the radius and ulna uncross. The Palm face anteriorly - face up

A

Supination

68
Q

Confined to the ankles; consists of turning the ankle so the plantar surface of the foot faces medially

A

Inversion

69
Q

Confined to the ankle consist of turning the angles on the plantar surface of the foot faces laterally

A

Eversion

70
Q

Away from midline

A

Abduction

71
Q

Towards midline

A

Adduction

72
Q

Joint action at the wrist that causes the hand to move medially toward the little finger in the frontal plane.

A

Ulnar deviation

73
Q

Action at the shoulder and hip joint where the articulating bone is rotated away from the body from anatomical position

A

External rotation

74
Q

Action at the shoulder and hip joint where the articulating bone is rotated toward the body from anatomical position.

A

Internal rotation.

75
Q

Multiple-axis joint action where flexion is combined with abduction, and then adduction or extension and hyperextension are combined with abduction and then adduction.

A

Circumduction

76
Q

Superior movement of the bone

A

Elevation

77
Q

Inferior movement of the bone

A

Depression

78
Q

Movement away from midline in transverse plane

A

Horizontal abduction

79
Q

Involved in all movements that involve spine n trunk

A

Spine and pelvis

80
Q

Trunk flexion

During trunk exercise

A

PM:rectus abdominus

81
Q

erector spinae

Ex: good morning

A

PM:trunk extenison

82
Q

trunk rotation

cable trunk rotation

A

PM: internal/external obliques

83
Q

lateral flexion

ex: lateral crunch or dumbbell side bend

A

Prime movers:
internal and external obliques
rectus abdominus
quadratus lumbordum

84
Q

ball and socket joints that allow for a greater degree of movement than any other body part

A

shoulder

85
Q

which body bart can under circumduction w/out
damage

vast movement

A

shoulder

decreased stability

86
Q

____ functions to counteract shoulder joint instability

A

rotator cuff

87
Q

rotator cuff includes, counter shoulder instability

A

teres minor
infraspinatus
superspanatus
subscapularis

88
Q

possible shoulder movements

A

flex n extend
abduct and adduct
horizontal abduct and adduct
internal and external rotation

89
Q

movement:
Shoulder flex
ex: dumbbell frontal raise

A

Prime M:

Deltoid: anterior head

90
Q

movement:
shoulder extension w/straight arms
ex:

A

PM: latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major

91
Q

movement:
shoulder extension w/ elbow flexion

ex: seated row

A

PM: latissimus dorsi

92
Q

movement:
shoulder abduction
dumbbell lateral raise

A

deltoid medial head

93
Q

movement:
shoulder adduction
cable pulldown

A

latissimus dorsi

94
Q

movement:
shoulder horizontal adduction

EX; DUMBBELL FLY EXERCISE

A

pectoralis MAJOR

95
Q

movement:
shoulder horizontal abduction
EX: dumbbell reverse fly

A

PM: deltoid - posterior raise

96
Q

movement: internal rotation

A

PM: subscapularis

97
Q

movement :external rotation

EX: any rotator cuff exercise

A

PM: Teres minor and infraspinatus

98
Q

connectivity of the scapulae w/glenohumeral joints

A

shoulder girdle (shoulder complex)

99
Q

prime movers of the shoulder girdle

A 
scapular elevation
depression
protraction
retraction
upward rotation
downward rotation
100
Q

movement: scapular elevation
ex: loaded shrug

A

PM: upper trapezius

101
Q

movement; scpular depression

ex; cable pulldown

A

PM: lower trapezius

pectoralis minor

102
Q

movement: scapular protraction

single arm press

A

PM; serratus anterior

103
Q

movement:scapular retraction

ex; seated row

A

PM: rhomboid major

104
Q

movements of elbow are (2)

A

FLEX AND EXTEND

105
Q

movement: elbow flexion
ex: bicep curl exercise

A

PM: biceps brachii

106
Q

movement: elbow extension

cable pushdown

A

PM: triceps brachii

107
Q

movements of wrist

A

flex and ext
supination and pronation
radial and ulnar deviation

108
Q

hip is a ball and socket joint that can (7)

A

flex and extend
hyperextend
abduct and adduct
internal and external rotate

109
Q

movemnet: hip flexion
ex: knee raise

A

PM: illiopsoas

110
Q

simultaneous movemnt of the psoas major and the illiacus, which fire together; describing the _______

A

illiopsoas

111
Q

movement: hip extension
ex: squat or romanian deadlift

A

PM; gluteus maximus

upper hamstring

112
Q

movement: hip adbuction
ex: lateral squat

A

PM; gluteus medius
gluteus minimis
tensor fascia latae

113
Q

movement: hip adduction

lateral lunge

A

PM:brevis longus
brevis magnus
pectineus

114
Q

major external interal rotator

A

periformus

115
Q

movemnt of flex and extend only

A

knee

116
Q

movemnt: knee flex
ex: prone leg curl

A

PM: bicep femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

117
Q

movement: knee extension
ex: leg press

A

PM; rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vasus intermedius
vastus medialis

118
Q

the ____ is a hinge joint that allows for (4)

A

ankle

plantar and dorsi flexion
eversion and inversion

119
Q

movement: plantarflexion

standing calf raise

A

PM: gastocnemius

soleus

120
Q

movement: dorsiflexion
ex: toe raise

A

PM: tibialis anterior

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