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Fruits and Flowers Flashcards

1
Q

Pericarp

A

Part of fruit formed from ripened ovary

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2
Q

Perianth

A

Outer part of flower consisting of caylx and corolla

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3
Q

Hypanthium

A

Floral cup. Formed by fusion of petals, sepals, and stamens

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4
Q

Ovule

A

Integumented megasporangium that develops into a seed

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5
Q

Simple Fruit

A

Fruit is the product of a single flower

Fleshy / Dry

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6
Q

Multiple Fruit

A

Everything completely fused

Fruit is the product of several flowers clustered

Recognition and unit of dispersal.

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7
Q

Superior Ovary

A

Hypogynous

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8
Q

Half-inferior Ovary

A

Perigynous

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9
Q

Inferior Ovary

A

Epignynous

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10
Q

Anatomy of a Peanut

A

Pericarp

Exo meso endo = shell

papery layer = seed coat

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11
Q

Berry

A

Fleshy mesocarp (interior)

Exocarp (outer skin)

Peppers are a berry

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12
Q

Simple Fruits Derived From A Superior Ovary

A

Drupe
- Fleshy fruit with stony endocarp (peaches, etc)

Hesperidium

  • Berry with leathery rind with oil glands
  • Often if it’s a citrus fruit, it is hesperidium
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13
Q

The Coconut

A

Uncertain origin, but in the Indo-Pacific

Greatest provider in the tropics (food, shelter, oil, fiber, and drink)

Buoyancy

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14
Q

Coconut Anatomy

A

Three fused carpels but will only have one viable offspring from each nut

Outer surface exocarp, then mesocarp, then endo carp then at the very middle is the coconut apple

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15
Q

Pome

A

Flower corresponds with what is inside of the fruit

Ovary surrounded by fleshy hypanthium

Derived from an inferior ovary

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16
Q

Pepo

A

Seeds attached to outside –> parietal placentation

A berry with a hard, thick rind

Derived from inferior ovary

Placenta & funiculus (melons)

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17
Q

Malus (Apple)

A

Rosaceae, inferior ovary

* Malus = bad - Eve's 
* Center of diversity in E Turkey and SW Russia

Malus X domesticus (M. pumila)
M. sieverri - Kazakhstan –> ancestor

Diploid or triploid > 7500 cultivars

41 varieties in Canada

60% of temperate fruit production

Propagation: grafting

- Root stalks are selected for hardiness and pest resistance as well as adaption

- Crop/Market Improvement:
	○ Taste, colour, delay ripening, shipping techniques

- Crop/Market Improvement:
	○ Taste, colour, delay ripening, shipping techniques
18
Q

Citrus (Orange)

A

Rutaceae, superior ovary

19
Q

Rosaceae

A

Temperate regions: Northern Hemisphere

Herbs, shrubs, and trees

Flowers with hypanthium

Fruit: pome, drupe, achene, aggregate/accessory, capsule

Economic Uses: EDIBLE AND ORNAMENTAL, roses, apple, pear, almond, peach, cherry, strawberry

Plum subfamily - drupes

Apple subfamily - plums

Rose subfamily - aggregate of achenes

20
Q

USA - Seed Propagation

A

John Chapman (Johnny Apple Seed)

Increased variation

21
Q

Prunus Family

A

plum, peach, apricot, cherry and other stone fruits

22
Q

Peach

A

– Prunus persica – Asia

Peach types, freestones, clings, mectarine

23
Q

Plums

A

American plum – Prunus americaa – Asia

European plum – P. domestica

Cherry plum - P, cerasifera

24
Q

Apricot

A

P. armeniaca West Asia – Golden apply, seeds of the sun

Almond also in the prunus genus, we crack open the meso carp and eats the seeds?

The pith of the cherry, plum, and wild almond has a large amount of amecdelin=> toxic

25
Cherry
Near East Sweet cherry: P. avium (diploid) Sour cherry: P. cerasus (tetraploid) Maraschino cherries (sweet cherries) = pith remove then put in sugar syrup Tarpaulin – harvest by a tarp
26
Strawberry
Fragaria X ananassa – Frago = fragance – commercial varieties – hybrid F.chiloensis = African varieties F. virginiana = north america varieties F. vesca = wild strawberry can grow as ground cover in SK CHO & vitamin C, Planting, plant seleccting, fruit collection, grading, packing, processing Commonly grow in plasticulture and straw mulch Strawberry fruit development: many carpels got fertilized => receptacle swollens and enlarge => seeds attached to the enlarged receptacle
27
Saskatoon berry
Amelanchier alnifolia - pome fruit
28
Rutaceae (citrus family)
Tropical shurb and trees, native from Asia Thorns Hesperiidium, locule filled with fleshy hair, what we eat is inside the locule, not the ripening ovary itself Orange, tangerine, mandarines, clementines Lemons and limes, Grapefruit and pomelo – AKA golden apples The leaf of citrus family has very thick glossy evergreen leaf on them Sweet orange – Citrus sinesis Bitter orange – C. aurantium These both orange come from the cross between tangarine (citrus reticulata) and pomelo (C. maixma) Navel orange was developed in Brazil 1820 – become very popular Citrus fruit: Eocarp with oil glands, Mesocarp (white meat), thing we eat = gland hair in the locule … C.maxima (pmelo) Citrus paradisi (grape druit Citrus reticulata X C. paradisi (tangelo) High in vitamin C, Survy Citrus justrox (kaffir lime) Citrus medica var sarcodatylus (Buddha’s hard citron) = Oils – perfume/ pharmaceuticals Clost relatives: Fortunella crassifolia Poncyrus trifolia (bitter orange)
29
NUTS
Hard pericarp, indehiscent, never open until we cracked it, we eat the embryo inside Almond is not a true nut, it is from prunus family
30
Walnuts - Juglans regia, Juglans nigra
Oigin: south east europpe, West and central Asia, USA ( bitter varieties, no tasty)
31
Brazil nut: Bertholetia excelsa (lecythidaceae
Amazonia – Brazil and Peru Multiple (20) nuts stay insde the husk (involucral bract)
32
Chestnut Castanea sativa (Fagaceae)
Southe Europe – East USA
33
Cashew: Anacardium occidentalis
Brazil native – Tropical cult – Inida 1st Cashew seeds developed from the carpel, and other part of the flower enlarge to make cashew apple Pistachio Pistacia vera Native Central asia, cultivars south europe, iran, india Other uses: mangifera, spondias nad many toxic species
34
Number of carpels and placentation types
How do we dertermine the nuber of carpels in a flower/ ovary: Crossection = number of locule = number of carpels Number of stigma lobes Number of styles. Branches. Number of ovary lobes, number of locules Placetation = arrangement of ovels in the carpel Two carpels, axillar placentation There is other placentation
35
Ficus carica (moraceae)
Fig syconium (syconium flesh tissues that encircles (protect the tiny flowers inside) Caprifig = male flowers Caprifig syconmium = that structure cover only male flower, female flower exist but infertile, male (staminate flowers , short style female flower) Edible fig syncosium = long style female fis (female = pistillate)
36
Fig wasp relationship
Wasp can lay eggs and thrive in the fig sycosium ( female flowers), => female wasp is dead after all inside the fig? Vegan not eating fig
37
Most domesticated food plants have been selected for:
large plant parts, soft edible tissue, thick fles with inter color, fruits attached to tough stem, good flavor
38
Vivipary
can happen in tomato, bell paper , orange = potential economic loss Vivipary = in commercial crops
39
Pseudovivpary vs Cryptovivipary
germplasms issues (research this)
40
Pseudovivipary
The term vivipary has also been used to cover the development of plantlets from vegetative buds that have entirely replaced flower buds?
41
Cryptovivipary
u dont know vivipary occuring only if you open the fruit

BIO324 (16 decks)

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