Fruits and Flower Parts Flashcards
Flower definition
Compressed shoot with modified leaves
- Sepals = Calyx (Plural) = Protection
- Petals = Corolla = Attraction
- Stamens = Androecium = Reproduction
- Ovary = Gynoecium = Reproduction
Evolved more than 100+ million years ago
Stamen and Carpel evolution
Modified leaves
Laminar -> differentiated stamens
Originally they used to the androecium attached to the corolla, and overtime it not fused and become the separate, individual stamens with filaments…
Apocarpos = Syncarpous
Carpel Evolution
Carpels can be single or fused, can be predicted based on the stigma
Placentation Types:
3 chambers, placentae axile; 3 carpels coalescent, 1 chamber: placentae parietal, 3 separated unsuled carpels…
The evolution of the compound ovary:
Megasporophyll = primitive condition, spore producing leaves (produces = female gametophyte = megaspores)
Megasporangia
Megaspore
Ovule – integumented megasporangium containing a single functional megaspore
Carpel – Basic unit of gynoecium (ovary, style, stigma)
Apocarpus = carpel not fused
Syncarpous = carpels are fused
Locule – chamber of the inside of an ovary
Placentation = axillar and parietal
The Foliar theory
The evolution of the compound ovary
The megasporophyll dance;
Single carpel = first megasporangia each side hold one megasporangia, then the two side fold together
Apocarpos gynoecium = still individual carpel but fused together at the base
The fruit = Fruor = to enjoy
Definition: the repened ovary and adnate parts
Function = Dispersal = low in calories, source of vitamins, CHO
Homology between floral and fruit parts
Flower => Fruit
Ovary => fruit
Ovule => seed
Egg cell => plant embryo
Ovarywall => Pericarp = Endocarp, Mesocarp, Exocarp
Fruit classification
Simple
fruit is the product of a single flower = Fleshy or dry
- Fleshy = berry, drupe (fleshy meso carp with hard stony endocarp), hesperidium (sticky rind with oil droplets),pome, pepo
- Dry = one seeded (chestnut, samara) or many seeded (silique -mustard,..)
- Dry = dehiscent/ indehiscent (nut hard seedcoat never open)
Aggregate fruit
many little fruits that stuck together on the fleshy tissues…
Multiple Fruit is product of several flowers clustered
Type of ovary
Superior ovary = inside the flower but above the fusion of petal, sepal and receptacle
Half inferior = half way in fusion
Inferior = below the fusion point
Dry dehiscent fruit
will release seeds at maturity
