Cereals

Question 1

Origin of Maize

Answer 1

Mexio - Rio Balsas Region - Mesoamerica

Question 2

Cultural and Tradition involving Corn

Answer 2

• Appeared in Mayan God of food: holding corn
  
  • Chicomcoatl Goddess of food and drink: holding a cup of fermented corn
  • Basis of New World ancient civilization: Mayas, Aztecs, Incas (masa, tamales, chichi, tejuino)

Question 3

Member of the Three Sisters

Answer 3

Corn Squash Bean
Old age they used polyculture growing many plants on the same field instead of monoculture
Bean fix N

Question 4

Process The Corn Flour / Nixtamalization and Masa Production Process

Answer 4

Whole Corn => Add alkaline Solution (lime Ca(OH)2) => Cook => steep => Wash => becomes Nixtamal (whole hominy) => grind => becomes masa => fresh wet/ dough or dried masa flour

Question 5

Hybrid Zea Mays

Answer 5

Uniformity in Germinating, growing, and harvesting
Monopodial but long lateral branches with terminal tassel; tiny cob / ear - shattering
Zea mays subsp. Parviglumis

Question 6

Ancestor of the Corn

Answer 6

Teosinte can still exist in the Rio Balsas Region, many lateral branches, very tiny ear

Question 7

Modern Corn

Answer 7

Monopodial, Terminal Tassel, Short, Lateral Ears, Non-shattering

Question 8

Parts of a Corn Plant

Answer 8

Monoecious
Wind Pollution
Female inflorescence has 2 spikelet’s one aborts in teosinte, 2 viable in modern corn
Ear has: silk, kernel, and cob

Question 9

Monoecious vs Dioecious

Answer 9

Okius = house; monoecious = one house holding 2 sexes; dioecious: 2 house one for each sex)

Question 10

Homology of corn flower fertilization:

Answer 10

the silk is the remnant of the style that extended from the ovary and help with fertilization

Question 11

each of the kernel:

Answer 11

Caryopsis that mature from the ovary. on the corn cob, there is the hollow cavity that hold the kernels cupule

Question 12

Teosinte

Answer 12

One vs 2 fertile spikelet
One row of kernels 
Deep cupule
Bony glumes
Shattering

Question 13

Modern Day Corn

Answer 13

Many row kernels

shallow cuple

Question 14

Tripartite Theory 1939 of origin of corn

Answer 14

Wild Zea diploperensis x Tripsacum (hybridize) = Zea mays subsp. Mays (Cultivated Maize)
Theory not accepted

Question 15

Othrodox Theory of Origin of COrn

Answer 15

G. Beadle, W. Galinat et al. 1970s
Modern corn ear is homologous to teosinte tiny ear
result of mutations and artifical selection

Question 16

Catastrophic Sexual Transmutation Theory

Answer 16

One vs Two fertile spikelet
Hard vs soft glumes
deep vs shallow cupule

Question 17

Historical / Modern Corn Types

Answer 17

Flint Corn:
Z. mays var. indurata

Pod Corn:
Z. mays var. tunicata

Flour Corn:
Soft endosperm, starchy

Dent Corn:
Z. mays var. indentata

Sweet Corn:
Z. mays var. saccharata

Question 18

Corn Landaces

Answer 18

Tradition:
Inherited Seeds:
- Source of germplasm

Question 19

Oryza sativa L. (Rice)

Answer 19

Sativa, sativus = cultivated
Poaceae
Subfam: Oryzoideae
Anicent Asia

Question 20

Rice Facts

Answer 20

Gluten Free

Oriental diet for at least 11,000 years