Front Leg Muscles Flashcards
1
Q
Deltoideus Origin
A
spine of scapula and acromion
2
Q
Deltoideus Termination
A
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
3
Q
Deltoideus Action
A
flex the humeral joint
4
Q
Infraspinatus Origin
A
infraspinous fossa of scapula
5
Q
Infraspinatus Termination
A
greater tubercle of the humerus
6
Q
Infraspinatus Action
A
flex the humeral joint, abduct the limb at the humeral joint
7
Q
Teres Minor Origin
A
caudal border of scapula
8
Q
Teres Minor Termination
A
teres minor tuberosity of humerus
9
Q
Teres Minor Action
A
Flex the humeral joint
10
Q
Supraspinatus Origin
A
supraspinous fossa of the scapula
11
Q
Supraspinatus Termination
A
greater tubercle of humerus
12
Q
Supraspinatus Action
A
extend the humeral joint
13
Q
Subscapularis Origin
A
subscapular fossa of scapula
14
Q
Subscapularis Termination
A
lesser tubercle of humerus
15
Q
Subscapularis Action
A
adduct limb at humeral joint
16
Q
Teres Major Origin
A
caudal border of scapula
17
Q
Teres Major Termination
A
teres major tuberosity of humerus
18
Q
Teres Major Action
A
flex the humeral joint
19
Q
Coracobrachialis Origin
A
coracoid process of scapula
20
Q
Coracobrachialis Termination
A
crest of lesser tubercle of the humerus
21
Q
Coracobrachialis Action
A
adduct limb at shoulder
22
Q
Tensor fasciae antebrachii Origin
A
latissimus dorsi and fascia on caudal border of scapula
23
Q
Tensor fasciae antebrachii termination
A
tuber olecrani
24
Q
Tensor fasciae antebrachii action
A
extend the cubital joint (and tense the antebrachial fascia)
25
Triceps brachii heads
long, lateral, accessory, medial
26
Triceps brachii origin
caudal border of scapula (long head), proximal humerus (other heads)
27
Triceps brachii termination
tuber olecrani
28
triceps brachii action
extend the cubital joint (all heads), flex the cubital joint (long head)
29
Anconeus Origin
caudal aspect of the distal humerus
30
Anconeus Termination
tuber olecrani
31
Anconeus Action
extend the cubital joint
32
Biceps Brachii Origin
supraglenoid tubercle
33
Biceps Brachii Termination
radial and ulnar tuberosities
34
Biceps Brachii Action
flex the cubital joint and extend the humeral joint
35
Brachialis Origin
brachial groove of humerus
36
Brachialis Termination
proximal radius and/or ulna
37
Brachialis Action
flex the cubital joint
38
Lateral muscles of the shoulder
deltoideus, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor
39
What muscles act as lateral collateral ligaments?
infraspinatus and supraspinatus
40
Medical muscles of the shoulder
subscapularis, teres major, coracobrachialis
41
What muscles act as medial collateral ligaments
subscapularis and coracobrachialis
42
cranial muscles of the brachium
biceps brachii and brachialis
43
What is associated with the biceps brachii?
transverse humoral retinaculum
44
What nerve is on top of the brachialis?
radial nerve, muscle protects it from the humerus
45
Caudal Muscles of the brachium
triceps brachii, tensor fasciae antebrachii, anconeus
46
Craniolateral Antebrachial Muscles
extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, ulnaris lateralis, supinator, abductor pollicus longus, brachioradialis
47
Extensor Carpi Radialis Origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
48
Extensor Carpi Radialis Termination
dorsal base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
49
Extensor Carpi Radialis Action
extend the carpal joints
50
What muscles is the sternocephalicus a partial agonist of?
brachiocephalicus and omotransversarius
51
Common Digital Extensor Origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
52
Common Digital Extensor Termination
extensor processes of distal phalanges
53
Common Digital Extensor Action
extend carpal joints and digital joints
54
Lateral Digital Extensor Origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
55
Lateral Digital Extensor Termination
distal phalanges of lateral digits
56
Lateral Digital Extensor Action
extend the carpal joints and the digital joints of the lateral most digits
57
Ulnaris Lateralis Origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
58
Ulnaris Lateralis Termination
accessory carpal bones and lateral base of 5th metacarpal bone
59
Ulnaris Lateralis Action
flex the carpal joints, abduct the manus
60
Supinator Origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
61
Supinator Termination
body of radius
62
Supinator Action
supination of manus
63
Abductor Pollicis Longus Origin
proximal antebrachium (ulna)
64
Abductor Pollicis Longus Termination
medial metacarpus
65
Abductor Pollicis Longus Action
abduct the first digit
66
Brachioradialis Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
67
Brachioradialis Termination
fascia near the carpus
68
Brachioradialis Action
flexes the cubital joint and supinates the manus
69
Craniolateral Antebrachial Muscles
extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, ulnaris lateralis, supinator, abductor pollicis longus, brachioradialis
70
Caudomedial Antebrachial Muscles
flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, pronator teres, pronator quadratus
71
Flexor carpi radialis origin
medial epicondyle of the humerus
72
Flexor Carpi Radialis Termination
palmar base of metacarpal bones 2 and 3
73
Flexor Carpi Radialis Action
flex the carpal joints
74
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin
medial epicondyle and olecranon
75
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Termination
accessory carpal bones
76
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Action
flex the carpal joints
77
Superficial Digital Flexor Origin
medial epicondyle of the humerus
78
Superficial Digital Flexor Termination
middle phalanges of the digits (palmar aspects)
79
Superficial Digital Flexor Action
flex the carpal joints, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
80
Deep Digital Flexor Origin
humerus, radius, ulna
81
Deep Digital Flexor Termination
flexor tubercles of distal phalanges
82
Deep Digital Flexor Action
flex the carpal and digital joints
83
Pronator Teres Origin
medial epicondyle of the humerus
84
Pronator Teres Termination
medial body of the radius
85
Pronator Teres Action
pronation of the manus
86
Pronator Quadratus Attachments
apposed surfaces of the radius and the ulna
87
Pronator Quadratus Action
pronation of the manus
88
What muscle is the antagonist of the pronator teres and pronator quadratus?
supinator
89
What muscles are antagonists of the supinator?
pronator teres and pronator quadratus
90
Annular Ligament
keep tendons in place
91
Palmar Annular Ligament
hold down SDF, DDF, and interosseus
92
Proximal Digital Annular Ligament
hold down SDF and DDF
93
Distal Digital Annular Ligament
hold down DDF
94
Dorsal Ligament
yellow in the cat. Elastic to retract claws
95
What gets cut during declaw?
DDF tendon, collateral ligaments, dorsal ligament, common and lateral digital extensors
96
What tendon does the transverse humeral retinaculum hold down?
tendon of origin in the intertubercular groove
97
What tendon does the extensor retinaculum hold down
extensor carpi radialis tendon
98
What tendon does the flexor retinaculum hold down?
flexor carpi radialis tendon
99
flexors of the intrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb
biceps (cubital joint) and teres major (humeral joint)
100
Which muscles flex and extend different joints?
1. biceps brachii- flex cubital joint, extend humeral joint
2. Extensor carpi radialis- extend carpal joints, flex cubital joint)
3. Long head of the triceps- extend cubital joint, flex humeral joint
101
most common action of the lateral muscles of the shoulder
Flex the humeral joint
102
most common action of the medial muscles of the shoulder
extend the humeral joint
103
Muscles that extend the humeral joint
supraspinatus, biceps brachii, and latissimus dorsi
104
major action of the cranial muscles of the brachium
Flex the cubital joint
105
A dog gets kicked on the lateral side of his right cubital joint. Which collateral ligament is ruptured
medial collateral ligament
106
A dog fractured his right humerus. Which muscle is responsible for protecting a major nerve from the shattered ends of the bone?
The brachialis spirals around the humerus and protects radial nerve which lies on its muscle belly
107
common action of the caudal brachial muscles
extend the cubital joint
108
muscle most responsible for extending the cubital joint
triceps brachii
109
A dog presents “reduced ability” to flex his humeral joint. Which muscles are damaged and which ones remain?
- Infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, deltoidius
| - Long head of triceps and latissmus dorsi attempt to make up for loss of others
110
muscles attached to the caudal border of the scapula
long head of triceps, teres major, and teres minor
111
most common action of the craniolateral antebrachial muscles
extend the carpal joint
112
Is sometimes confused with the cephalic vein
brachioradialis
113
A dog presents severely reduced ability to flex cubital joint. What is going on?
The biceps brachii and brachialis has been damaged
- The extensor carpi radialis is attempting to account for the damage
- Brachioradius and pronator teres also act
114
Name the only flexor attached to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus that flexes the carpal joint.
ulnaris lateralis
115
Name the other two flexors attached to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis
116
The tendon of what muscle crosses the tendon of the extensor carpi radialis.
Abductor pollicis longus
117
Common action of the caudomedial antebrachial muscles
Flex the carpal joints
118
Antagonist to the extensor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi radialis
119
Difference between SDF and DDF
SDF (Superficial Digital Flexor) = inserts at the palmar base of the middle phalanges and has four tendons – does not flex the distal interphalangeal joint
-DDF (Deep Digital Flexor) = inserts at the flexor tubercles on the palmar aspect of the distal phalanges and has five tendons – does flex the distal interphalangeal joint
120
What muscles lie on top of the supinator?
Extensor carpi radialis and common digital extensor
121
The accessory carpal bone has shifted 2 cm proximally. Which muscle (s) pulled it there?
Ulnaris lateralis and flexor carpi ulnaris
122
DDF and SDF cross over on palmar aspect of metacarpophalangeal joint. SDF forms a sleeve and DDF runs through it. This sleeve is called what?
Manica flexoria
123
Difference between dorsal ligament in dog and cat
Dorsal ligaments in cats are elastic to allow retraction of the claws laterally, and the claw extends outward by contraction of DDF.
124
Antagonist of the DDF
common digital extensor
125
Which muscle contains the sesamoid bones of the metacarpophalangeal joint?
```
Interosseus muscle (proximal sesamoids)
-Common digital extensor (dorsal sesamoids)
```
126
Name the ligaments you must cut to declaw a cat.
Deep digital flexor, dorsal ligaments, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor (on digits 3, 4, and 5), and collateral ligaments of distal interphalangeal joints
127
What muscles flex the humeral joint
deltoideus, infraspinatus (and abduct limb), teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps (and extend cubital joint)
128
What muscles terminate at the greater tubercle of the humerus?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus
129
What muscles extend the humeral joint?
supraspinatus and biceps brachii (also flex cubital joint)
130
What muscles originate at the caudal border of the scapula?
teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps
131
What muscles terminate at the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
subscapularis and coracobrachialis
132
What muscles flex the cubital joint?
biceps brachii and brachialis
133
What muscles terminate at the olecranon?
triceps, anconeus, tensor fasciae antebrachii
134
What muscles extend the cubital joint
triceps, anconeus, tensor fasciae antebrachii
135
What muscles originate at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
1. extensor carpi radialis
2. common digital extensor
3. lateral digital extensor
4. ulnaris lateralis
5. supinator
6. brachioradialis
136
What muscles extend the carpal joints?
1. extensor carpi radialis
2. common digital extensor (and digital joints)
3. lateral digital extensor (and joints of lateral most digits)
137
What muscles flex the carpal joints?
1. ulnaris lateralis (and abduct manus)
2. flexor carpi radialis
3. flexor carpi ulnaris
4. superficial digital flexor (and metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints)
5. Deep digital flexor (and digital joints)
138
What muscles supinate the manus?
supinator and brachioradialis
139
What muscles originate at the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
1. flexor carpi radialis
2. flexor carpi ulnaris (and olecranon)
3. SDF
4. DDF (and radius and ulna)
5. Pronator teres
