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Anatomy > Front Leg Muscles > Flashcards

Front Leg Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Deltoideus Origin

A

spine of scapula and acromion

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2
Q

Deltoideus Termination

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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3
Q

Deltoideus Action

A

flex the humeral joint

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4
Q

Infraspinatus Origin

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

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5
Q

Infraspinatus Termination

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

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6
Q

Infraspinatus Action

A

flex the humeral joint, abduct the limb at the humeral joint

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7
Q

Teres Minor Origin

A

caudal border of scapula

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8
Q

Teres Minor Termination

A

teres minor tuberosity of humerus

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9
Q

Teres Minor Action

A

Flex the humeral joint

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10
Q

Supraspinatus Origin

A

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

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11
Q

Supraspinatus Termination

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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12
Q

Supraspinatus Action

A

extend the humeral joint

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13
Q

Subscapularis Origin

A

subscapular fossa of scapula

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14
Q

Subscapularis Termination

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

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15
Q

Subscapularis Action

A

adduct limb at humeral joint

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16
Q

Teres Major Origin

A

caudal border of scapula

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17
Q

Teres Major Termination

A

teres major tuberosity of humerus

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18
Q

Teres Major Action

A

flex the humeral joint

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19
Q

Coracobrachialis Origin

A

coracoid process of scapula

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20
Q

Coracobrachialis Termination

A

crest of lesser tubercle of the humerus

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21
Q

Coracobrachialis Action

A

adduct limb at shoulder

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22
Q

Tensor fasciae antebrachii Origin

A

latissimus dorsi and fascia on caudal border of scapula

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23
Q

Tensor fasciae antebrachii termination

A

tuber olecrani

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24
Q

Tensor fasciae antebrachii action

A

extend the cubital joint (and tense the antebrachial fascia)

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25
Q

Triceps brachii heads

A

long, lateral, accessory, medial

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26
Q

Triceps brachii origin

A

caudal border of scapula (long head), proximal humerus (other heads)

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27
Q

Triceps brachii termination

A

tuber olecrani

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28
Q

triceps brachii action

A

extend the cubital joint (all heads), flex the cubital joint (long head)

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29
Q

Anconeus Origin

A

caudal aspect of the distal humerus

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30
Q

Anconeus Termination

A

tuber olecrani

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31
Q

Anconeus Action

A

extend the cubital joint

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32
Q

Biceps Brachii Origin

A

supraglenoid tubercle

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33
Q

Biceps Brachii Termination

A

radial and ulnar tuberosities

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34
Q

Biceps Brachii Action

A

flex the cubital joint and extend the humeral joint

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35
Q

Brachialis Origin

A

brachial groove of humerus

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36
Q

Brachialis Termination

A

proximal radius and/or ulna

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37
Q

Brachialis Action

A

flex the cubital joint

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38
Q

Lateral muscles of the shoulder

A

deltoideus, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor

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39
Q

What muscles act as lateral collateral ligaments?

A

infraspinatus and supraspinatus

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40
Q

Medical muscles of the shoulder

A

subscapularis, teres major, coracobrachialis

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41
Q

What muscles act as medial collateral ligaments

A

subscapularis and coracobrachialis

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42
Q

cranial muscles of the brachium

A

biceps brachii and brachialis

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43
Q

What is associated with the biceps brachii?

A

transverse humoral retinaculum

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44
Q

What nerve is on top of the brachialis?

A

radial nerve, muscle protects it from the humerus

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45
Q

Caudal Muscles of the brachium

A

triceps brachii, tensor fasciae antebrachii, anconeus

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46
Q

Craniolateral Antebrachial Muscles

A

extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, ulnaris lateralis, supinator, abductor pollicus longus, brachioradialis

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47
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

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48
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Termination

A

dorsal base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones

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49
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Action

A

extend the carpal joints

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50
Q

What muscles is the sternocephalicus a partial agonist of?

A

brachiocephalicus and omotransversarius

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51
Q

Common Digital Extensor Origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

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52
Q

Common Digital Extensor Termination

A

extensor processes of distal phalanges

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53
Q

Common Digital Extensor Action

A

extend carpal joints and digital joints

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54
Q

Lateral Digital Extensor Origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

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55
Q

Lateral Digital Extensor Termination

A

distal phalanges of lateral digits

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56
Q

Lateral Digital Extensor Action

A

extend the carpal joints and the digital joints of the lateral most digits

57
Q

Ulnaris Lateralis Origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

58
Q

Ulnaris Lateralis Termination

A

accessory carpal bones and lateral base of 5th metacarpal bone

59
Q

Ulnaris Lateralis Action

A

flex the carpal joints, abduct the manus

60
Q

Supinator Origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

61
Q

Supinator Termination

A

body of radius

62
Q

Supinator Action

A

supination of manus

63
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus Origin

A

proximal antebrachium (ulna)

64
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus Termination

A

medial metacarpus

65
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus Action

A

abduct the first digit

66
Q

Brachioradialis Origin

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

67
Q

Brachioradialis Termination

A

fascia near the carpus

68
Q

Brachioradialis Action

A

flexes the cubital joint and supinates the manus

69
Q

Craniolateral Antebrachial Muscles

A

extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, ulnaris lateralis, supinator, abductor pollicis longus, brachioradialis

70
Q

Caudomedial Antebrachial Muscles

A

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, pronator teres, pronator quadratus

71
Q

Flexor carpi radialis origin

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

72
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis Termination

A

palmar base of metacarpal bones 2 and 3

73
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis Action

A

flex the carpal joints

74
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin

A

medial epicondyle and olecranon

75
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Termination

A

accessory carpal bones

76
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Action

A

flex the carpal joints

77
Q

Superficial Digital Flexor Origin

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

78
Q

Superficial Digital Flexor Termination

A

middle phalanges of the digits (palmar aspects)

79
Q

Superficial Digital Flexor Action

A

flex the carpal joints, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints

80
Q

Deep Digital Flexor Origin

A

humerus, radius, ulna

81
Q

Deep Digital Flexor Termination

A

flexor tubercles of distal phalanges

82
Q

Deep Digital Flexor Action

A

flex the carpal and digital joints

83
Q

Pronator Teres Origin

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

84
Q

Pronator Teres Termination

A

medial body of the radius

85
Q

Pronator Teres Action

A

pronation of the manus

86
Q

Pronator Quadratus Attachments

A

apposed surfaces of the radius and the ulna

87
Q

Pronator Quadratus Action

A

pronation of the manus

88
Q

What muscle is the antagonist of the pronator teres and pronator quadratus?

A

supinator

89
Q

What muscles are antagonists of the supinator?

A

pronator teres and pronator quadratus

90
Q

Annular Ligament

A

keep tendons in place

91
Q

Palmar Annular Ligament

A

hold down SDF, DDF, and interosseus

92
Q

Proximal Digital Annular Ligament

A

hold down SDF and DDF

93
Q

Distal Digital Annular Ligament

A

hold down DDF

94
Q

Dorsal Ligament

A

yellow in the cat. Elastic to retract claws

95
Q

What gets cut during declaw?

A

DDF tendon, collateral ligaments, dorsal ligament, common and lateral digital extensors

96
Q

What tendon does the transverse humeral retinaculum hold down?

A

tendon of origin in the intertubercular groove

97
Q

What tendon does the extensor retinaculum hold down

A

extensor carpi radialis tendon

98
Q

What tendon does the flexor retinaculum hold down?

A

flexor carpi radialis tendon

99
Q

flexors of the intrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb

A

biceps (cubital joint) and teres major (humeral joint)

100
Q

Which muscles flex and extend different joints?

A
  1. biceps brachii- flex cubital joint, extend humeral joint
  2. Extensor carpi radialis- extend carpal joints, flex cubital joint)
  3. Long head of the triceps- extend cubital joint, flex humeral joint
101
Q

most common action of the lateral muscles of the shoulder

A

Flex the humeral joint

102
Q

most common action of the medial muscles of the shoulder

A

extend the humeral joint

103
Q

Muscles that extend the humeral joint

A

supraspinatus, biceps brachii, and latissimus dorsi

104
Q

major action of the cranial muscles of the brachium

A

Flex the cubital joint

105
Q

A dog gets kicked on the lateral side of his right cubital joint. Which collateral ligament is ruptured

A

medial collateral ligament

106
Q

A dog fractured his right humerus. Which muscle is responsible for protecting a major nerve from the shattered ends of the bone?

A

The brachialis spirals around the humerus and protects radial nerve which lies on its muscle belly

107
Q

common action of the caudal brachial muscles

A

extend the cubital joint

108
Q

muscle most responsible for extending the cubital joint

A

triceps brachii

109
Q

A dog presents “reduced ability” to flex his humeral joint. Which muscles are damaged and which ones remain?

A
  • Infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, deltoidius

- Long head of triceps and latissmus dorsi attempt to make up for loss of others

110
Q

muscles attached to the caudal border of the scapula

A

long head of triceps, teres major, and teres minor

111
Q

most common action of the craniolateral antebrachial muscles

A

extend the carpal joint

112
Q

Is sometimes confused with the cephalic vein

A

brachioradialis

113
Q

A dog presents severely reduced ability to flex cubital joint. What is going on?

A

The biceps brachii and brachialis has been damaged

- The extensor carpi radialis is attempting to account for the damage
- Brachioradius and pronator teres also act
114
Q

Name the only flexor attached to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus that flexes the carpal joint.

A

ulnaris lateralis

115
Q

Name the other two flexors attached to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

A

brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis

116
Q

The tendon of what muscle crosses the tendon of the extensor carpi radialis.

A

Abductor pollicis longus

117
Q

Common action of the caudomedial antebrachial muscles

A

Flex the carpal joints

118
Q

Antagonist to the extensor carpi radialis

A

Flexor carpi radialis

119
Q

Difference between SDF and DDF

A

SDF (Superficial Digital Flexor) = inserts at the palmar base of the middle phalanges and has four tendons – does not flex the distal interphalangeal joint
-DDF (Deep Digital Flexor) = inserts at the flexor tubercles on the palmar aspect of the distal phalanges and has five tendons – does flex the distal interphalangeal joint

120
Q

What muscles lie on top of the supinator?

A

Extensor carpi radialis and common digital extensor

121
Q

The accessory carpal bone has shifted 2 cm proximally. Which muscle (s) pulled it there?

A

Ulnaris lateralis and flexor carpi ulnaris

122
Q

DDF and SDF cross over on palmar aspect of metacarpophalangeal joint. SDF forms a sleeve and DDF runs through it. This sleeve is called what?

A

Manica flexoria

123
Q

Difference between dorsal ligament in dog and cat

A

Dorsal ligaments in cats are elastic to allow retraction of the claws laterally, and the claw extends outward by contraction of DDF.

124
Q

Antagonist of the DDF

A

common digital extensor

125
Q

Which muscle contains the sesamoid bones of the metacarpophalangeal joint?

A 
Interosseus muscle (proximal sesamoids)
	-Common digital extensor (dorsal sesamoids)
126
Q

Name the ligaments you must cut to declaw a cat.

A

Deep digital flexor, dorsal ligaments, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor (on digits 3, 4, and 5), and collateral ligaments of distal interphalangeal joints

127
Q

What muscles flex the humeral joint

A

deltoideus, infraspinatus (and abduct limb), teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps (and extend cubital joint)

128
Q

What muscles terminate at the greater tubercle of the humerus?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus

129
Q

What muscles extend the humeral joint?

A

supraspinatus and biceps brachii (also flex cubital joint)

130
Q

What muscles originate at the caudal border of the scapula?

A

teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps

131
Q

What muscles terminate at the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

A

subscapularis and coracobrachialis

132
Q

What muscles flex the cubital joint?

A

biceps brachii and brachialis

133
Q

What muscles terminate at the olecranon?

A

triceps, anconeus, tensor fasciae antebrachii

134
Q

What muscles extend the cubital joint

A

triceps, anconeus, tensor fasciae antebrachii

135
Q

What muscles originate at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

A
  1. extensor carpi radialis
  2. common digital extensor
  3. lateral digital extensor
  4. ulnaris lateralis
  5. supinator
  6. brachioradialis
136
Q

What muscles extend the carpal joints?

A
  1. extensor carpi radialis
  2. common digital extensor (and digital joints)
  3. lateral digital extensor (and joints of lateral most digits)
137
Q

What muscles flex the carpal joints?

A
  1. ulnaris lateralis (and abduct manus)
  2. flexor carpi radialis
  3. flexor carpi ulnaris
  4. superficial digital flexor (and metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints)
  5. Deep digital flexor (and digital joints)
138
Q

What muscles supinate the manus?

A

supinator and brachioradialis

139
Q

What muscles originate at the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A
  1. flexor carpi radialis
  2. flexor carpi ulnaris (and olecranon)
  3. SDF
  4. DDF (and radius and ulna)
  5. Pronator teres

Anatomy (15 decks)

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