Fractures 3.1.5

Question 1

Compound Fractures (Open fractures)

Answer 1

Completely broken, alignment is displaced from the normal position.
Caused by significant falls, car crashes, contact sports (football, need surgery)

Question 2

Compression Fractures

Answer 2

When the bones of the back are crushed/squeezed but the bones do not break the skin
Cause people to shrink/form a hunchback (bec they cannot support themselves anymore)
the usual cause is osteoporosis (a disease in older people that makes bones weaker, can cause tumors/trauma to the back)

Question 3

Fracture

Answer 3

When a bone gets damaged or broken

incomplete fracture = not completely separated, but a crack is present
complete fracture = bone is separated into at least two separate pieces

Question 4

Greenstick Fractures

Answer 4

When the bone is bent and cracked, it results in splintering. (does not break the skin), common in children)
incomplete, broke halfway through bone

Question 5

Simple Fractures

Answer 5

Bones that are broken all the way through
Are still in alignment/arrangement (at least 2 pieces)
shortfall/impact with an object

Question 6

Spiral Fractures

Answer 6

Fractures that are caused by a twisting force/motion
Common in sports (soccer/skiing, the foot is planted while the body is still moving)

The severity of spinal fractures depends on the alignments or disposition.

can be open or closed

Question 7

Stress Fractures

Answer 7

Incomplete hairline cracks that develop in bones and do not break the skin
(caused by overuse, commonly in athletes)

Question 8

Transverse Fractures

Answer 8

Fractures that happen perpendicular to the normal position of the bone
high risk for displacement, and usually are closed
Found commonly in long bones of arms/legs /head/back
high energy collisions

Question 9

Closed Fractures

Answer 9

Do not break the skin.

Question 10

Open Fractures

Answer 10

Break the skin

Question 11

Inflammatory Phase (STEP 1)

Answer 11

Starts as soon the break happens and lasts for three days. Hematoma is present

Question 12

First-step Repairing Phase (STEP 2)

Answer 12

When special immune cells eat the dead cells and clot to start repairing the break.
Starts around 2 days and can last until 2 weeks

Question 13

Remodeling Phase

Answer 13

Slowly, the cartilage is replaced with spongy bone in the callus. Osteoclasts (bone eaters) enlarge the medullary cavity, and over time the spongy bone is replaced by a solid, compact bone (can take bones year to appear like it did before the fracture)

Question 14

What are the treatment(s) for a Simple Fracture?

Answer 14

Cast or splint to keep it immobilized

Question 15

What are the treatment(s) for a stress fracture?

Answer 15

Rest from certain activities (2-8 weeks), a walking boot or a splint that is removable may be required.

Question 16

What are the treatment(s) for a surgical fracture?

Answer 16

Metal Plates, rods/screws to hold the bone in place, and normal alignment
After the surgery, the cast or splint is put on

Question 17

What is a hematoma?

Answer 17

When blood vessels break and your blood clots to the cite of injury

Question 18

Second-step Repairing Phase (STEP 2)

Answer 18

Osteoblasts make a callus to connect the injury and put it back together. (acts like an internal splint between the gap of two pieces)