Formation of the neural plate: Neural induction

Question 1

Whats the key pathway for neural induction

Answer 1

BMP signalling pathway.

Question 2

What does BMP stand for

Answer 2

Bone morphogenic pathway

Question 3

What is the key cytoplasmic factor downstream of the BMP signalling pathway

Answer 3

SMAD157

Question 4

What happens once SMAD157 is phosphorylised

Answer 4

Can enter the nucleus and bind to enhancers and promotors such as Noggin and Chordin

Question 5

What happens following the fertilisation of an amphibian

Answer 5

Egg gives rise to a hollow ball of cells (3 germ layers)

Question 6

Examples of BMP antagonists

Answer 6

Chordin, noggin, follistatin and GSC

Question 7

What do antagonists of neural cells induce

Answer 7

Neural stem cells

Question 8

How can you generate a transcriptional response

Answer 8

Remove the inhbitor of an inhbitor, or remove the repressor

Question 9

What happens before the organiser cells develop

Answer 9

The ectoderm is full of BMP signalling, every cell is full of phosphorylated SMAD157

Question 10

What is the transcription factor that marks the neural stem cell called

Answer 10

SOX2

Question 11

What did Spemann and Mangold hypothesise

Answer 11

That the dorsal mesoderm is the source of signals that instruct neural fate

Question 11

What did Spemann and Mangold hypothesise

Answer 11

That the dorsal mesoderm is the source of signals that instruct neural fate

Question 12

What do oraniser cells secrete

Answer 12

BMP antagonists