Föreläsningar del 6 Flashcards
Flashcard 17: Q: What is the role of capacity expansion options in capacity planning?
A: Capacity expansion options include increasing capacity all at once, small capacity increases that match, level, or lag demand.
Flashcard 18: Q: What are the two main strategies for short-term capacity management?
A: The two main strategies are adjusting short-term capacity levels and shifting or stimulating demand.
Flashcard 19: Q: How does the learning curve affect labor unit costs?
A: The learning curve suggests that direct labor unit costs decrease as experience in producing units increases.
Flashcard 20: Q: What is demand management in the context of capacity planning?
A: Demand management is the practice of steering demand to level out variations in required capacity, which can involve adjusting prices, providing information, or offering promotions.
Flashcard 21: Q: What is the purpose of overbooking in capacity planning?
A: Overbooking is used to compensate for customers who don’t show up, ensuring that capacity is fully utilized.
Flashcard 22: Q: What is peak-load pricing?
A: Peak-load pricing involves pricing goods or services differently during periods of high demand to mitigate the costs associated with peak-load problems.
Flashcard 23: Q: What is the peak-load problem?
A: The peak-load problem arises when demand varies periodically for non-storable commodities, leading to underutilized capacity during off-peak periods and over-utilization during peak periods.
Flashcard 24: Q: How can pricing help mitigate the peak-load problem?
A: Pricing can help by making demand more predictable and shifting demand from peak to off-peak times, reducing the need for costly idle capacity.
Flashcard 25: Q: What does variable demand mean in terms of capacity planning?
A: Variable demand means that the demand function changes over time, and capacity planning must adjust to meet different demand patterns in each period
Q: What happens when demand shifts in relation to capacity?
A: Sometimes there will be more capacity than demand, and sometimes there will be more demand than capacity.
Q: What is the formula for safety capacity (planned loss)?
A: Safety capacity = Theoretical capacity - Effective capacity.
Q: What is the definition of total productivity?
A: Total productivity is the ratio of production to the total quantity of input.
Q: What is the importance of effective capacity in satisfying demand?
A: To satisfy customers in the long run, effective capacity must be at least as large as the average demand.
Flashcard 1: Q: What is the definition of production in capacity measurement?
A: Production is the real output during a time period.
Flashcard 2: Q: What is partial productivity in capacity measurement?
A: Partial productivity is the production in relation to the quantity of a particular input.
Flashcard 3: Q: How is efficiency calculated in capacity measurement?
A: Efficiency is calculated as Actual output / Effective capacity.
Flashcard 4: Q: What are complementary goods and services in capacity planning?
A: Complementary goods and services are produced or delivered using the same resources, with seasonal demand patterns that are out of phase, allowing excess capacity to balance seasonal cycles.
Flashcard 5: Q: What are the two primary strategies for production in capacity planning?
A: Level production (doing the same at all times) and chase demand (following demand). Mixed strategies can also be adopted.
Flashcard 6: Q: What are some methods for adjusting short-term capacity levels?
A: Methods include adding or sharing equipment, selling unused capacity, changing labor capacity and schedules, changing labor skill mix, and shifting work to slack periods.
Flashcard 7: Q: What is a learning rate in the context of the learning curve?
A: A learning rate refers to the percentage decrease in time required to produce the 2xth unit, compared to the time for the xth unit.
Flashcard 8: Q: How do learning curves impact capacity planning?
A: Learning curves help estimate labor-hours for repetitive work and are useful for planning staffing levels, pricing products, estimating costs, establishing budgets, negotiating with suppliers, and setting production targets.
