Föreläsningar del 5 Flashcards
Flashcard 1: Q: What is the role of an artificial variable when generating an initial tableau?
A: An artificial variable must be added to each constraint that does not have a basic variable.
Flashcard 2: Q: When is an optimal solution found in the Simplex method?
A: An optimal solution is found when the current values of the basic variables are optimal, and the optimal values of the non-basic variables are all zero.
Flashcard 3: Q: What does it indicate if the cj - zj value for a non-basic variable is 0?
A: It indicates that alternate optimal solutions might exist.
Flashcard 4: Q: What is the definition of capacity in the context of manufacturing or service systems?
A: Capacity is the ability of a system (such as a facility, process, or workstation) to accomplish its purpose or produce output within a specified period.
Flashcard 5: Q: What is the main goal of capacity planning?
A: The main goal of capacity planning is to match available capacity with forecasted demand in the long, mid, and short term.
Flashcard 6: Q: How does a learning curve affect capacity planning?
A: A learning curve means that productivity increases over time as workers gain more experience, impacting the planning of capacity over time.
Flashcard 7: Q: What are economies of scale?
A: Economies of scale occur when the average unit cost of a good or service decreases as the capacity or volume of throughput increases.
Flashcard 8: Q: What are diseconomies of scale?
A: Diseconomies of scale occur when the average unit cost of a good or service increases as the capacity or volume of throughput increases.
Flashcard 9: Q: What is the difference between theoretical capacity and effective capacity?
A: Theoretical capacity is the maximum output under ideal conditions, while effective capacity is the output that can be reasonably achieved under normal operating conditions.
Flashcard 10: Q: How is safety capacity defined?
A: Safety capacity is the capacity reserved for unanticipated events, such as demand surges, material shortages, or equipment breakdowns.
Flashcard 11: Q: What is the formula for utilization?
A: Utilization = Actual output / Theoretical capacity.
Flashcard 12: Q: What is avoidable loss in capacity measurement?
A: Avoidable loss is the difference between effective capacity and real output.
Flashcard 13: Q: Why is effective capacity more important than theoretical capacity in capacity planning?
A: Effective capacity should be used for planning because ideal conditions (theoretical capacity) are nearly impossible to sustain over time.
Flashcard 14: Q: What is a work order in the context of capacity planning?
A: A work order specifies the work to be performed, including the quantity to be produced, processing requirements, and resources needed.
Flashcard 15: Q: What are the steps in the capacity planning process?
A: 1. Determine capacity required, 2. Identify capacity imbalances, 3. Develop alternative solutions, 4. Evaluate and choose the best solution.
Flashcard 16: Q: What is the trade-off addressed by long-term capacity strategies?
A: The trade-off is between the cost of capacity and the opportunity cost of not having adequate capacity.
