Föreläsningar del 11 Flashcards
Flashcard 1: Q: What is batching in production?
A: Batching is the process of producing large quantities of items as a group before transferring them to the next operation.
Flashcard 2: Q: What does continuous improvement in quality management focus on?
A: Continuous improvement involves inspecting, analyzing, and controlling work to ensure goods or services meet specifications, eliminating non-value-added activities to simplify processes and reduce waste.
Flashcard 3: Q: What are some lean principles that help plants operate efficiently?
A: Lean principles include keeping plants clean and organized, maintaining simple production lines with low work-in-progress, efficient layouts and work area designs, deploying multiskilled workers, and operating without inspection stations.
Flashcard 4: Q: What is the main idea behind Just-in-Time (JIT) systems?
A: JIT systems, also called Kanban systems, focus on a pull-based system where parts are pulled from preceding workstations to synchronize the entire manufacturing process and the final assembly schedule.
Flashcard 5: Q: What is the purpose of Kanban flag in JIT systems?
A: Kanban cards are used to provide all relevant information for an order and serve as visual controls within the production process, helping to manage work-in-process inventory.
Flashcard 6: Q: How is the number of Kanban cards related to work-in-process inventory?
A: The number of Kanban cards required is directly proportional to the amount of work-in-process inventory. More inventory requires more Kanban cards
Flashcard 1: Q: What is the purpose of quality management?
A: Quality management involves systematic policies, methods, and procedures to ensure that goods and services meet customer needs and are produced with appropriate quality levels.
Flashcard 2: Q: How is quality defined in the context of quality management?
A: Quality is defined as meeting or exceeding customer expectations, while quality of conformance refers to the extent to which a process delivers outputs that conform to design specifications.
Flashcard 3: Q: What are the categories of quality costs?
A: The categories are:
1. Prevention costs - Prevent nonconforming goods from being made.
2. Appraisal costs - Measure and analyze quality to detect problems.
3. Internal failure costs - Costs of unsatisfactory quality found before delivery.
4. External failure costs - Costs of poor quality found after delivery to customers.
Flashcard 4: Q: What is the 1:10:100 rule in quality control?
A: The rule indicates that defects corrected in the design stage cost 1 unit, if corrected during production cost 10 units, and if detected after delivery to the customer cost 100 units.
Flashcard 5: Q: What is the purpose of acceptance testing?
A: Acceptance testing verifies whether a sample meets quality standards, and with large sample sizes (n > 30), the Central Limit Theorem applies to ensure normal distribution.
Flashcard 6: Q: What is Statistical Process Control (SPC)?
A: SPC monitors the quality of a production process over time, ensuring the process remains within stipulated limits (UCL and LCL) to maintain normal functionality.
Flashcard 7: Q: What are the characteristics of a control chart for a process under control?
A: The characteristics include:
* No points outside control limits.
* Points randomly distributed above and below the centerline.
* Most points near the centerline, with few near control limits.
Flashcard 9: Q: How is process randomness tested in quality control?
A: By testing for “runs” in the data—sequences of observations either above or below the centerline. If |z| > Z, the data series is considered non-random.
Flashcard 10: Q: How is reliability defined and what factors affect it?
A: Reliability is the probability that a system works as intended in a given time period. It depends on the reliability of individual components and their arrangement in the system (series vs. parallel systems).
Flashcard 11: Q: How does system reliability differ between series and parallel systems?
A: In series systems, reliability decreases with the number of components, while in parallel systems, reliability increases with the number of components
