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Anatomy - Upper Limb > ForeArm > Flashcards

ForeArm Flashcards

1
Q

The deep fascia of the forearm is the

A

antebrachial fascia

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2
Q

the antebrachial fascia is strengthened by

A

bicipital aponeurosis

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3
Q

the antebrachial fascia forms a ____ _________ which gives origin to:

A

strong aponeurosis

a. flexor capri ulnaris
b. extensor capri ulnaris
c. flexor digitorum profundus

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4
Q

antebrachial forms 2 bands in the wrist called

A

flexor retinaculum

entensor retinaculum

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5
Q

definition and site of cubital fossa

A

triangular hollow in front of elbow

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6
Q

cubital fossa- boundaries
base
lateral
medial

A

base - passes through two epicondyles of humerus
lateral - brachio-radialis muscle
medial - pronator teres muscle

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7
Q

cubital fossa boundaries
apex
floor

A

apex - meeting of brachio-radialis overlapping pronator teres
floor- brachialis and supinator

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8
Q

roof of cubital fossa is formed by

A

superficial fascia and skin

deep fascia

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9
Q

superficial fascia and skin contains

A
  1. parts of cephalic & basilic veins & median cubital vein (connects them)
  2. anterior branches of lateral and medial cutaneous nerves
  3. supra-trochlear lymph nodes (in upper roof)
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10
Q

deep fascia is reinforced/strengthened by

A

bicipital aponeurosis

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11
Q

contents of cubital fossa

A
  1. Medial Nerve
  2. termination of brachial artery and beginning of ulnar and radial arteries:
  3. Brachial artery lies in middle of cubital fossa
  4. tendon of biceps
  5. Radial nerve and beginning of its posterior interosseous branch

2TMBR

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12
Q

the ulnar artery and radial artery leave the cubital fossa by

A

ulnar - passing between two heads of pronator teres

radial- descend through apex

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13
Q

tendon of biceps in cubital fossa is inserted into

A

radial tuberosity

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14
Q

the radial/posterior interosseous branch leaves the cubital fossa by

A

piercing the supinator muscle

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15
Q

the bicipital aponeurosis

A

separates median cubital vein from median nerve and brachial artery

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16
Q

superficial group muscles of forearm

A

4 superficial muscles -

  1. pronator teres
  2. flexor capri radialis
  3. palmaris longus
  4. flexor capri ulnaris

1 deep muscle
1. flexor digitorum superficialis

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17
Q

deep group muscles of forearm

A

2 superficial muscles

  1. flexor pollicis longus
  2. flexor digitorum profundus

1 deep muscle
1. pronator quadratus muscle

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18
Q

common flexor origin - superficial group of muscles

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

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19
Q

common nerve supply - superficial group of muscles

A

medial nerve

except flexor carpi ulnaris - ulnar nerve

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20
Q

common action - superficial group of muscles

A
  1. flexion of wrist (except pronator teres)

2. weak flexion of elbow

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21
Q

pronator teres origin

A

two heads
1. humeral head - more superficial and larger head. arises from common flexor origin

  1. ulnar head - smaller & deeper. arises from coronoid process of ulna
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22
Q

pronator teres insertion

A

pronator tuberosity on shaft of radius

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23
Q

action of pronator teres

A
  1. powerful pronation of forearm (at radio-ulnar joints)

2. weak flexion of elbow

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24
Q

relations of pronator teres

A

median nerve enters forearm between its two heads

ulnar artery passes deep to two heads of muscle

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25
Q

flexor capri radialis muscle origin

A

common flexor origin - medial epicondyle of humerus

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26
Q

flexor capri radialis insertion

A

passes through flexor retinaculum to insert into palmar surfaces of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bone

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27
Q

flexor capri action

A

common action:

  1. flexion of wrist (except pronator teres)
  2. weak flexion of elbow

+ abducts hand

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28
Q

palmaris longus muscle origin

A

common flexor origin - medial epicondyle of humerus

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29
Q

palmaris longus muscle insertion

A

passes flexor retinaculum to insert into apex of palmar aponeurosis

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30
Q

palmaris longus muscle action

A

common action + makes palmar aponeurosis tense to give protection to structures in palm of hand

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31
Q

flexor capri ulnaris muscle origin

A

2 heads

humeral - common flexor

ulnar- olecranion process of ulna by aponeurosis

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32
Q

flexor capri ulnaris insertion

A

pisiform bone (right above palm on wrist)

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33
Q

flexor capti ulnaris action

A

common flexor

+ abducts hand

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34
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis origin

A

2 heads
humero-ulnar head - common flexor + coranoid process of ulna
radial - anterior oblique line of radius

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35
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis insertion

A

4 tendons divide into 2 strips each.

2 strips are inserted on shaft of middle phalanx

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36
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis action

A

common action +

flexes metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal inter-phalangeal joints of medial 4 fingers

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37
Q

Deep group muscles common nerve supply

A

anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
EXCEPT
medial half of flexor digitorum profundus which is supplied by ulnar nerve

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38
Q

flexor digitorum profundus muscle origin

A
  1. shaft of ulna

2. interosseous membrane (b/w radius & ulna)

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39
Q

flexor digitorum profundus insertion

A

ends in 4 tendons that insert into distal phalanx

40
Q

flexor digitorum profundus action

A

flexes all joints of medial 4 fingers and wrist

41
Q

flexor pollicis longus muscle origin

A
  1. shaft of radius below anterior oblique line

2. interosseous membrane

42
Q

flexor pollicis longus insertion

A

phalanx of thumb

43
Q

flexor pollicis longus muscle action

A

flexes all joints of thumb & wrist

44
Q

the 8 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus are surrounded by

A

common flexor synovial sheath (ulnar bursa)

tendon of flexor pollicis longus is surrounded by its synovial sheath (radial bursa)

45
Q

pronator quadratus muscle origin

A

oblique ridge on shaft of ulna

DEEPEST MUSCLE ON FOREARM

46
Q

pronator quadratus muscle insertion

A

shaft of radius

47
Q

pronator quadratus action

A

pronates forarm at radio-ulnar joints

48
Q

muscles of the back of the forearm are

A

extensors

49
Q

superficial group - muscles of back of forearm

A

5EAB

  1. Brachio-radialis
  2. extensor capri radialis longus
  3. extensor capri radialis brevis
  4. extensor digitorum
  5. extensor digiti minimi
  6. extensor capri ulnaris
  7. anconeus
50
Q

common extensor origin for superficial group of muscles (back of forearm)

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

except brachioradialis, extensor capri radialis longus and anconeus

51
Q

brachioradialis origin

A

upper 2/3 lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

lateral intermuscular septum of arm

52
Q

brachioradialis insertion

A

lower end of radius above styloid process

53
Q

brachioradialis nerve supply

A

radial nerve

54
Q

action of brachioradialis

A
  1. puts forearm in midprone position

2. flexes elbow joint

55
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus origin

A
  1. lower 1/3 lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

2. lateral intermuscular septum of arm

56
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus insertion

A

by long flat tendon into base of 2nd metacarpal bone

57
Q

extensor carpi radialis nerve supply

A

radial nerve

58
Q

action of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

extends and abducts wrist

59
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis origin

A

common extensor origin

60
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion

A

base of 3rd metacarpal bone

61
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis nerve supply

A

branch from posterior interosseous nerve

62
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis action

A

same as extensor carpi radialis longus

63
Q

extensor digitorum origin

A

common extensor origin

64
Q

extensor digitorum insertion

A

reaches phalanges of medial four fingers then each tendon joins extensor expansion of corresponding finger

65
Q

extensor digitorum action

A
  1. extends metacarpo-phalangeal and interphalangeal joints of medial 4 fingers
  2. assists in extension of wrist
66
Q

extensor expansion definition

A

strong triangular sheet that covers proximal phalanx of each of medial 4 fingers.
Receives extensor tendons of digits and tendons of lumbricals and interossei

67
Q

structure of extesor expansion

A

thick middle part formed by:
1 of 4 tendons of extensor digitorum
tendon of little finger is joined by tendon of digiti minimi
tendon of index is joined by tendon of etensor indicis

two margins formed by tendons of lumbricals and interossei

68
Q

extensor expansion attachment

A

approaches proximal interphalangeal joint then divide into intermediate (attached to middle phalanx) part and 2 collateral parts (attached to terminal phalanx)

69
Q

extensor digiti minimi origin

A

common extensor origin

70
Q

extensor digiti minimi insertion

A

extensor expansion of little finger

71
Q

extensor digiti minimi action

A
  1. extends little finger

2. assists in extension of wrist

72
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris origin

A
  1. common extension origin

2. ulna by aponeurosis

73
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris insertion

A

base of 5th metacarpal bone

74
Q

action of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extends and adducts wrist

75
Q

anconeus origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus by seperate tendon

76
Q

anconeus insertion

A

back of olecranon process of ulna

77
Q

anconeus action

A

assists triceps in extending elbow

78
Q

the anconeus is considered the ______ because _____

A

4th head of triceps

has same action
covered expansion from triceps tendon
takes nerve supply from radial nerve as it runs in spiral groove

79
Q

deep group muscles of back of arm

A
  1. supinator
  2. extensor pollicis brevis
  3. abductor pollicis longus
  4. extensor pollicis longus
  5. extensor indicis
80
Q

common nerve of the deep extensors

A

posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve

81
Q

supinator origin

A

surrounds upper third of shaft of radius

  1. supinator crest and fossa of ulna
  2. lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral collateral ligament of elbow and annular ligament
82
Q

supinator insertion

A

radius above oblique lines

83
Q

supinator action

A

supinates the forearm at radio-ulnar joints

84
Q

supinator important relations

A

pierced by posterior interosseous nerve which splits it into 2 layers

85
Q

abductor pollicis longus origin

A
  1. shaft of ulna below anconeus
  2. interosseous membrane
  3. radius just below supinator insertion
86
Q

abductor pollicis longus insertion

A

first metacarpal bone (thumb)

87
Q

action of abductor pollicis longus

A
  1. abducts thumb
  2. helps abduct wrist
  3. can flex wrist which helps when median and ulnar nerve become paralyzed
88
Q

extensor pollicis brevis origin

A

shaft of radius below origin of abductor pollicis longus

89
Q

extensor pollicis brevis insertion

A

proximal phalanx of thumb

90
Q

extensor pollicis brevis action

A

extends metacarpo-phalangeal and carpo-metacarpal joints of thumb

91
Q

extensor pollicis longus origin

A

shaft of ulna under origin of abductor pollices

92
Q

extensor pollicis longus insertion

A

distal phalanx of thumb

93
Q

extensor pollicis longus action

A

extends all joints of thumb

94
Q

extensor indicis origin

A

shaft of ulna under extensor pollicis longus

interosseous membrane

95
Q

extensor indicis insertion

A

joins tendon of extensor digitorum going to index finger to form extensor expansion of index

96
Q

extensor indicis action

A
  1. extends index finder

2. helps in extending wrist

Anatomy - Upper Limb (17 decks)

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