food groups and calories

Question 1

food groups

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals, vitamins

Question 2

use of carbohydrates. how stored. enzymes. name of simple sugars and complex sugars. food test

Answer 2

energy in respiration. stored in humans as glycogen in plants as starch. starch > maltose using amylase(mouth and pancreas) maltose > glucose using maltase(intestine). monosaccharide polysaccharide. benedict’s for glucose blue to brick red (requires heat). iodine solution for starch orange to blue black.

Question 3

use of lipids. how stored. enzymes. fats vs oils. food test

Answer 3

insulation and long term energy store. lipase(pancreas mouth stomach).fat = solid oil = liquid animal lipids usually solid fat room temp plant fats usually oils at room temp. ethanol emulsion test clear to cloudy

Question 4

use of protein. why are proteins polymers. shape of proteins. enzymes and where they are excreted. food test

Answer 4

growth and repair. made of long chains of amino acids which are 20 different sub units. shape of protein affects how it carries out its function as amino acids can be rearranged. protease(pancreas) pepsin(stomach). biuret’s solution blue to purple

Question 5

what is fibre used for

Answer 5

undigestible cellulose. aids in digestion for something to push on helps with peristalsis

Question 6

calcium. uses and where found

Answer 6

bones and teeth. found in dairy, fish

Question 7

phosphorus

Answer 7

teeth and bones, many chemicals eg DNA and ATP. most foods

Question 8

sodium

Answer 8

regulate body fluids and conduct nerve impulses. salt, most foods

Question 9

chlorine

Answer 9

body fluids. salt most foods

Question 10

magnesium

Answer 10

bones, in cells. green vegetables

Question 11

iron

Answer 11

haemoglobin. red meat, liver, eggs, spinach

Question 12

vitamin A use, deficiency, foods

Answer 12

making chemical in the retina. night blindness, damaged cornea. fish liver oils, liver, butter, carrots

Question 13

vitamin B1 use, deficiency, foods

Answer 13

cell respiration, beri beri, yeast extract and cereals

Question 14

vitamin B2 use, deficiency, foods

Answer 14

cell respiration. poor growth, dry skin. greens, eggs, fish

Question 15

vitamin B3 use, deficiency, foods

Answer 15

cell respiration. pellagra. liver, meat, fish

Question 16

vitamin C use, deficiency, foods

Answer 16

forms collagen helps connective tissues. scurvy. fresh fruit and vegetables

Question 17

vitamin D use, deficiency, foods

Answer 17

helps bones absorb calcium. rickets. fish liver oils, sunlight

Question 18

calculating calories

Answer 18

calorimeter OR
burn with bunsen burner
burn under boiling tube with water and thermometer in it take temperature of water first
measure change in temperature
use equation change in temp * 20 * 4.2 / mass of food