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indirect Restoration > Focused Quiz: 10/27 > Flashcards

Focused Quiz: 10/27 Flashcards

1
Q

Lower contact angle, higher or lower hydrophilicity?

A

higher

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2
Q

Property important in order to get sub-gingival details:

A

tear strength

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3
Q

This property tells about the rigidity of the material:

A

strain in compression

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4
Q

Material usually used for final impressions, dimensionally stable:

A

VPS

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5
Q

Inelastic materials:

A

plaster, compound, waxes, ZnO-eugenol

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6
Q

Aqueous hydrocolloids:

A

Agar (reversible) and Alginate (irreversible)

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7
Q

Non-aquesous elastomers:

A

polysulfide, silicone, polyether

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8
Q

types of silicone:

A

addition, condensation

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9
Q

Colloid:

A

microscopically, uniformly dispersed throughout another substance

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10
Q

2 phases of colloidal system:

A

dispersion (solvent?), dispersed (solute?)

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11
Q

All hydrocolloids have this as the dispersion phase:

A

water

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12
Q

First elastomeric IM:

A

agar (reversible hydrocolloid)

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13
Q

Agar, organic or inorganic?

A

organic

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14
Q

Components of agar:

A

polysaccharide extract from seaweed, borate, sulfate, diatomaceous earth, clay, silica, wax, rubber, thixotrophic (gel that can liquify when activated) materials, water

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15
Q

Function of seaweed in agar:

A

colloidal particles, basis of gel

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16
Q

Function of borate in agar:

A

strength

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17
Q

Function of sulfate in agar:

A

hardener

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18
Q

Function of diatomaceous earth, clay, silica, wax, and rubber in agar:

A

fillers

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19
Q

Function of thixotrophic materials in agar:

A

thickeners (thixo/ thick)

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20
Q

Function of water in agar:

A

reaction medium

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21
Q

2 components in the highest proportion in agar:

A

seaweed (polysaccharide extract of), sulfate (hardener), then fillers, then thickeners, then strenghteners

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22
Q

Major issue w using agar:

A

requires special equip and prep: hydrocolloid condition/ water bath, water cooled tray connected to rubber hose

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23
Q

To accelerate gelation of agar:

A

circulate cool water (18-21’C) thru water cooled tray for 3-5m

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24
Q

Adv of agar:

A

very hydrophilic, used in moisture, no adhesives or custom tray, easy to pour, acceptable detail, good taste, cheap, non-toxic, non-staining

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25
Q

Disad of agar:

A

pour immediately and only once, compatible only w die stone, tech sensitive, prepared in advance, low tear strength, special equip

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26
Q

Most widely used IM:

A

alginate

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27
Q

Indications, alginate:

A

complete/ partial dentures, opposing and study models, temp crowns and bridge impressions, whitening trays, mouth guard, ortho impressions

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28
Q

Components of alginate:

A

sodium phosphate, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, potassium titanium fluoride, calcium sulfate, zinc oxide, diatomaceous earth

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29
Q

Function of sodium and potassium alginates:

A

soluble alginate

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30
Q

Function of calcium sulfate:

A

Reactor

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31
Q

Function of zinc oxide and diatomaceous earth:

A

filler particle

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32
Q

Function of potassium titanium fluoride:

A

hardener (think titanium = strong)

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33
Q

Function of sodium phosphate:

A

retarder (oleic or stearic acid in polysulfides)

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34
Q

Greatest to least percentage of the components of alginate:

A

diatomaceous earth (filler), calcium sulfate (reactor), sodium and potassium alginates (soluble alginate), zinc oxide (filler), potassium titanium fluoride (hardener), sodium phosphate (retarder)

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35
Q

Chemical reaction of alginate:

A

Na/K-alginate and calcium sulfate plus water –> Ca+2 alginate and K sulfate

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36
Q

Final gel of alginate consists of:

A

(brush heap of) calcium alginate fibril network around unreacted Na+ alginate sol, water, filler particles, by products

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37
Q

Mixing time of alginate:

A

45-60s, fast vs. normal set

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38
Q

Type I alginate:

A

fast setting, not less than 1m or more than 2m, mixing time: 45s, working time: 30-75s (best for gaggers?)

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39
Q

Type II alginate:

A

normal setting, gels bw 2 and 4.5m, mixing time: 1m, working time: 2-3.5m

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40
Q

Gelation time of alginate, best regulated by:

A

amt of retarder, (also w/p ratio, mixing time (not rec), water temp)

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41
Q

Why is changing w/p ratio and mixing time not rec?

A

alters strength and quality

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42
Q

Purpose of smearing alginate on teeth prior to seating impression tray?

A

ask. I assume it helps with picking up surface detail

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43
Q

Disinfection of alginate:

A

spray or immersion for less than 10m

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44
Q

Disinfectants for alginate:

A

chlorine compounds, iodophors, short term glutaraldehyde (IGC) (same as impression compound, short term vs. 2% alkaline)

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45
Q

TF? Alginate is dimensionally stable.

A

F

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46
Q

Syneresis:

A

loss of water, evaporation or exuding, shrinkage

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47
Q

Shelf life, alginate:

A

1yr

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48
Q

When will alginate fail to set or set too rapidly?

A

elevated temp

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49
Q

Store alginate here:

A

cool, dry, air tight container

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50
Q

Adv of alginate:

A

chemical set, hydrophilic, cheap, easy to manipulate, comfortable for pt, no equip

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51
Q

Disadv of alginate:

A

dimensional accuracy, tear strength, reproduction of detail, poured immediately and only once, diff to disinfect

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52
Q

Causes of grainy material in agar:

A

inadequate boiling, storage temp too low, storage time too long

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53
Q

Causes of tearing of agar:

A

inadequate bulk, premature removal, syringe (light body) partially gelled when seated

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54
Q

Causes of voids/bubble in agar:

A

gelation of material (preventing flow) or material too cold

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55
Q

Causes of grainy material in alginate:

A

improper or prolonged mixing, low w/p ratio

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56
Q

Causes of separation of syringe materials (light body) in alginate or agar:

A

premature gelation of either material

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57
Q

Causes of tearing of alginate:

A

moisture contamination, inadequate bulk, premature removal

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58
Q

Causes of voids/bubble in alginate:

A

aerated during mixing, moisture/ debris on tissue, undue (inappropriate) gelation preventing flow

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59
Q

Use when extremely accurate impression is needed:

A

elastomeric

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60
Q

3 types of elastomeric IM’s:

A

Light/extra light body, monophase (medium bodied?), heavy body and putty

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61
Q

Light/extra light body is aka:

A

syringe or wash material

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62
Q

How can monophase be used?

A

syringe and tray material

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63
Q

Tray material:

A

heavy body, putty, or monophase

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64
Q

Function of heavy body:

A

force light body into close contact

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65
Q

Catalyst is aka:

A

accelerator

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66
Q

First non-aq elastomer:

A

polysulfide

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67
Q

polysulfide by product:

A

water, distortion

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68
Q

TF? Water will increase the setting time of polysulfides:

A

F. decrease (Does this mean the reaction rate increases as it proceeds due to the by product formation of water?)

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69
Q

IM w exothermic setting reaction:

A

polysulfide

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70
Q

Composition of polysulfide base:

A

polysulfide polymer, sulfur-containing mercaptan (80-85%), sulfur, dibutyl phthalate, titanium dioxide

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71
Q

Function of titanium dioxide in polysulfide IM:

A

filler

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72
Q

Function of dibutyl phthalate in polysulfide IM:

A

plasticizer, viscocity

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73
Q

Function of sulfur in polysulfide IM:

A

enhance reaction

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74
Q

Composition of catalyst, polysulfide IM:

A

lead oxide, oleic or stearic acid

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75
Q

Function of lead oxide in polysulfide IM:

A

oxidizing agent

76
Q

Function of oleic or stearic acid in polysulfide IM:

A

retarders

77
Q

Reaction of polysulfide IM:

A

MERCAPTAN + lead dioxide –> POLYSULFIDE + lead oxide + water

78
Q

Setting time of polysulfide IM:

A

8-12m

79
Q

Pour up polysulfide IM’s within:

A

1hr, water lost, shrinkage

80
Q

Adv of polysulfide IM’s:

A

HIGHEST TEAR STRENGTH, cheap, detail, slightly hydrophilic, working time, flexible, EASIEST TO REMOVE, even from undercuts

81
Q

The temp of the plate on which you mix (this/these material(s)) affects setting time:

A

polysulfide and condensation silicone

82
Q

Disadv of polysulfide IM:

A

bad taste/smell, poured w/in 1hr, dimensional stability, need custom tray and adhesives, 10m in mouth, humidity and temp dec working time, stain clothes

83
Q

Condensation silicone by product:

A

ethyl alcohol

84
Q

Composition of base, condensation:

A

hydroxyl dimethyl siloxane, calcium carbonate, silica (both fillers)

85
Q

Composition of catalyst, condensation:

A

alkyl silicate, stannous octate suspension

86
Q

condensation silicone reaction:

A

dimethyl and orthoethyl siloxane(s) reacted w stannous octate –> silicone rubber and ethanol

87
Q

Why is condensation silicone IM difficult to mix?

A

disparity in viscosity of the components

88
Q

The putty we use for the external surface form is what type of material?

A

condensation silicone IM (check) (or is it addition?)

89
Q

Adv of condensation silicone IM:

A

odorless, rel short working time (6-8m), recovery from deformation, used w putty to customize a custom tray, more elastic that polysulfides, can be removed from undercuts (why is con more elastic than polysulfide, but polys is easier to remove from undercuts?), less affected by high temp and humidity

90
Q

Materials that can be removed from undercuts:

A

condensation and polysulfide material (not polyethers)

91
Q

Which are more elastic, polysulfide IM or condensation materials?

A

condensation silicone

92
Q

Disadv to condensation Silicone materials:

A

Shrinkage, Sulfur inhibits setting, need Surfactant to pour gypsum cast, Shelf life, hydrophobic, poor wetting, dry field ESSENTIAL, alcohol by-product, less dimensional stability, pour w/in 30m,

93
Q

Function of surfactant with condensation silicone:

A

hydrophobic material, decreases surface tension, allows water based material to spread on surface

94
Q

Addition silicone:

A

Latex gloves/sulfur inhibits setting, set is highly cross-linked, no by-produts, least toxic and non-irritating elastomer, most are hydrophobic and need surfactant before pouring

95
Q

Addition silicone is aka:

A

vinyl polysiloxane (VPS), polyvinyl siloxane (PVS)

96
Q

Least toxic and non-irritating IM:

A

Addition silicone:

97
Q

Indications for addition silicone:

A

final, implant, or edentulous impressions, matrix for “wax-up”, matrix for temp, study models

98
Q

Base of addition silicone:

A

polymethylhydrogensiloxane, divinylpoysiloxane,

99
Q

Catalyst of addition silicone:

A

divinylpolysiloxane, platinum salts, fillers, activators, retarders, nonionic surfactants

100
Q

Latex, retraction cords, rubber dam, and retraction or fluid will inhibit the setting of:

A

addition and condensation silicones (vinylpolysiloxanes, sulfur powder, wear vinyl gloves)

101
Q

Disinfection of addition silicone:

A

tap water, dry w air, glutaraldehydes, chlorine, iodophors, phenolic sprays (PIGC)

102
Q

Adv of addition silicone:

A

MOST DIMENSIONALLY STABLE (final impressions!), accurate, doesn’t need to be poured immediately, poured more than once, fast recovery from deformation, adequate tear strength, no smell or taste, customizing of stock trays, stable in most disinfecting solutions, automixing devices, monophase or single viscosity materials

103
Q

Diadv of addition silicone:

A

expensive, sulfur inhibits polymerization, many hydrophobic, difficult to pour wo surfactant, need dry working env

104
Q

Single step medium viscosity:

A

polyether, 60’s

105
Q

Stiffest IM:

A

polyether (stiffest, yet polysulfide has greater tear resistance?)

106
Q

Base composition of polyether IM:

A

polyether polymer, colloidal silica (filler), plasticizer

107
Q

Catalyst composition of polyether IM:

A

Aromatic sulfonic acid esther (cross-linking agent), thickening agent

108
Q

Cross-linking agent in catalyst of polyether IMl:

A

Aromatic sulfonic acid esther

109
Q

TF? Polyether is only available in one viscosity.

A

F

110
Q

Is curing rate more sensitive to temperature for polyether or addition silicone?

A

addition silicone

111
Q

Adv of polyether IM:

A

very accurate, tray adhesive stronger than those for silicones, short setting time (5m in mouth), dimensionally stable if kept dry (no volatile by product), doesn’t need to be poured immediately, auto mixing device available, higher tear resistance than silicones but lower than polysulfide.

112
Q

Arrange polyethers, silicones, and polysulfides from lowest to higher tear resistance:

A

silicones, polyether, polysulifde

113
Q

Disadv of polyether IM:

A

expensive, bad taste, short working time may limit # of prepped teeth to be captured on in impression, stiff on setting, difficult to remove from mouth w undercuts, more diff to separate cast from impression, stiffness may result in die breakage, slightly less elastic than VPS

114
Q

Reasons to redo impression:

A

materiial has visible streaks in it/ not properly mixed, tray shows thru at critical areas, voids, folds, creases in critical areas, even uninterupted extension of impression beyond margins of prepped teeth, material separated from tray

115
Q

consequences of bad impression:

A

not enough space for proper resto fabrication and esthetics, inability to seat resto, high occlusion, open margins, weak resto, rest failure

116
Q

Triple tray is aka:

A

double arch

117
Q

Good impression of prep:

A

all of prep and adjacent teeth

118
Q

To avoid air entrapment in wash material:

A

immerse syringe tip in wash material

119
Q

Result of blood or saliva contamination of impression:

A

air bubbles/ voids, can’t displace by itself

120
Q

Leave this much space of lateral retraction:

A

more than 0.5mm

121
Q

Tray movement during setting results in:

A

drag

122
Q

How full should the impression tray be?

A

2/3 full

123
Q

Causes exposed tray:

A

not enough material or too much pressure

124
Q

Reasons why IM might not set:

A

latex, expired, improper storage

125
Q

Result of using wash that is incompatible w heavy body:

A

lamination, separation of the two (this could also happen if you don’t let it set enough)

126
Q

Inelastic IM’s:

A

insig amt of elastic deformation during bending or tensile stress, mostly used for edentulous, can’t use for pts w deep undercuts

127
Q

Impression plaster:

A

ADA specification No-25 Type 1 gypsum product

128
Q

Indications for impression plaster:

A

prelim impression for edentuolous

129
Q

Composition of impression plaster:

A

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate, potassium sulfate-accelerator, borax - retarder, starch

130
Q

Function of potassium sulfate in impression plaster:

A

accelerator

131
Q

Function of borax in impression plaster:

A

retarder

132
Q

Overall rxn of impression plaster:

A

hemi- to dihydrate

133
Q

Do this before pouring impression plaster:

A

separating medium (saturated soap solution) on the surface

134
Q

Adv of impression plaster:

A

good surface detail, excellent dimensional stability, setting rate can be controlled

135
Q

Disadv to impression plaster:

A

pt discomfort, can’t be used in undercut areas

136
Q

Impression compound is aka:

A

modelling plastic

137
Q

Forms impression compound comes in:

A

sheets and sticks

138
Q

2 types of impression compound:

A

Low fusing/ impression compound, high fusing/tray compound

139
Q

Low fusing compound is used for:

A

impressions, fusing temp 55-60’C

140
Q

high fusing compound is used for:

A

forming trays in mouth, fusing temp: 70’C

141
Q

Indications for use of Type 2 impression compound:

A

border moulding

142
Q

Composition of impression compound:

A

waxes, thermoplastic resins, filler, coloring agent, plasticizer (shellac, stearic acid and gutta percha) - improves plasticity and workability

143
Q

Composition of plasticizer in impression compound:

A

shellac, stearic acid and gutta purcha

144
Q

Temp at which impression compound loses plasticity is called, what temp is it?

A

fusion temperature/ glass transition temp (?)(37-39’C)

145
Q

What can happen if direct flame is used for impression compound:

A

boiling or ignition

146
Q

Prolonged immersion or overheating of impression compound can lead to the product being:

A

brittle and grainy

147
Q

Make the cast or die within this time frame after using impression compound:

A

1hr

148
Q

Disinfection of impression compound:

A

2% alkaline glutaraldehyde, iodophors or chlorine compounds (IGC) (same as alginate 2% alkaline vs. short term)

149
Q

Adv of impression compound:

A

non irritant, non toxic, reusable, reheated and readapted, can support other materials for wash impression

150
Q

Problem with reusing impression compound:

A

constituents are leached out

151
Q

Disadv of impression compound:

A

poor dimensional stability, poor surface detail, distort if removed from undercuts, soft tissue will be compressed

152
Q

Indications for ZOE:

A

IM for edentulous arch, surgical dressing, bite registration paste, temp material, RCT filling, cement medium, temp relining material for dentures

153
Q

Components of base of ZOE:

A

zinc oxide and fixed vegetable or mineral oil

154
Q

Components of catalyst of ZOE:

A

gum or polymerized ROSIN, silica filler, oil of cloves (70-85% eugenol), resinous balsam, accelerator (zinc acetate, glacial acetic acid), lanolin

155
Q

What is the accelerator in the accelerator of ZOE composed of?

A

zinc acetate, glacial acetic acid

156
Q

What does the acid-base reaction of ZOE form?

A

a chelate (chelation reaction)

157
Q

To shorten setting time of ZOE:

A

accelerator (zing acetate), drop of water to eugenol paste, extend mixing time, alter paste ratios

158
Q

To lengthen setting time of ZOE:

A

cool spatula and mix slab, add inert oils and waxes during mixing (olive oil or petrolatum), alter paste ratios

159
Q

Disinfection of ZOE:

A

immersion preferred, glutaraldehyde or iodophors, not compatible w phenolic compounds, but phenolic spray can be used (PIG spray)

160
Q

ZOE is not compatible w this type of disinfectant.

A

phenolic compounds, but phenolic sprays can be used

161
Q

Adv of ZOE:

A

dimensionally stable (less than 0.1%), good surface detail, minor defect can be corrected locally wo discarding a good impression, no separating medium required before pouring

162
Q

Disadv of ZOE:

A

Can’t be used in undercuts, burning sensation for some bc of eugenol, difficult to handle

163
Q

Top 3 most commonly used IM’s:

A

Alginate, then PVS, then polyether

164
Q

Easiest and hardest to use:

A

easiest: addition, hardest: agar

165
Q

3 most pleasant:

A

alginate, addition, condensation

166
Q

Easiest and hardest to remove:

A

Easy: polysulfide, Moderate: condensation, addition, polyether (hardest)

167
Q

Easiest and hardest to disinfect:

A

easy: addition, hardest: agar, alginate

168
Q

Best and worst in terms of wettability and castability:

A

best: agar, alginate, worst: polysulfide, condensation

169
Q

Elastic recovery, highest to lowest:

A

addition, polyether, condensation, agar, alginate, polysulfide (AdPecaGalps)

170
Q

Shrinkage, most and least:

A

most: agar, alginate, least: addition

171
Q

Highest and lowest tear strength:

A

highest: polysulfide, lowest: alginate

172
Q

Working time, longest to shortest:

A

agar, polysulfide, silicones, alginate / polyether

173
Q

Setting time, shortest to longest:

A

alginate, polyether, agar, silicones, polysulfide

174
Q

stiffness, most to least:

A

polyether, addition silicone, condensation silicone, polysulfide/ hydrocolloids

175
Q

Tear strength, greatest to least:

A

polysulfide, addition, polyether, condensation, hydrocolloids

176
Q

Cost, lowest to highest:

A

alginate, agar/ polysulfide, condensation, addition, polyether

177
Q

Dimensional stability, best to worst:

A

addition, polyether, polysulfide, condensation, hydrocolloid

178
Q

Wettabilty best to worst:

A

hydrocolloids, polyether, hydrophilic addition, polysulfide, hydrophobic addition / condensation

179
Q

Castability, best to worst:

A

hydrocolloids, hydrophilic addition, polyether, polysulfide, hydrophobic addition / condensation

180
Q

Most widely used material for study models:

A

alginate: inexpensive, displaces moisture, lower detail reproduction, dimensionally unstable

181
Q

Most widely used material for prosthodontics:

A

addition silicones: accurate, dimensionally stable, user friendly, expensive

182
Q

Require surfactant when pouring up:

A

addition/ condensation

183
Q

Can be poured more than once:

A

addition

184
Q

Easiest to disinfect, least shrinkage, highest elastic recovery, pleasant taste, can be poured more than once:

A

addition

185
Q

2 that give of by products:

A

polysulfide: water, condensation: ethyl alcohol

indirect Restoration (54 decks)

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