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Board Study Guide > FM4-25.11 First Aid > Flashcards

FM4-25.11 First Aid Flashcards

0
Q

Name some items that you might use as a splint from your military equipment

A

Bayonet, rifle, entrenching tool, tent poles and stakes, web belt

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1
Q

What is self aid

A

Emergency treatment one applies to ones self

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2
Q

What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg

A

Tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg

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3
Q

How many pressure points which can be used to control bleeding with fingers, thumbs or hands are there on the human body

A

11

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4
Q

What is the object of first aid

A

To stop bleeding
Overcome shock
Relieve pain
Prevent infection

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5
Q

What FM covers first aid for soldiers

A

FM 4-25.11

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6
Q

What is the unique feature of type O blood

A

Universal donor

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7
Q

When would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound

A

If in a chemical environment or if it is stuck to the wound

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8
Q

What soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries

A

Soldiers not accustomed to heat, overweight, priori heat casualties, dehydrated due to alcohol use, diarrhea, lack of water

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9
Q

How high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding

A

2-4 inches

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10
Q

What are the lifesaving steps. The ABCs

A

Open the airway and restore bleeding
Stop the bleeding/ protect the wound
Prevent shock

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11
Q

When applying splint where should the bandages be tied

A

Knots against the splint

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12
Q

Whose first aid dressing should be used on the casualty

A

The casualties

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13
Q

How should the ends of. An improved pressure dressing be tied

A

End together in a non slip knot directly over the wound not so tightly to have a tourniquet effect

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14
Q

What is manual pressure

A

Firm Hands in pressure for 5-10 minutes

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15
Q

Should a casualty be given water to drink

A

He should not eat or drink

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16
Q

Why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible

A

To protect it from further contamination and also to control bleeding.

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17
Q

What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet

A

Mark his forehead with a T and note the time if possible

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18
Q

Should you ever remove or loosen a tourniquet

A

No

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19
Q

Where is a tourniquet applied

A

Between the wound and the heart.

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20
Q

How can you prevent athletes foot

A

Keep your feet clean use foot powder and change socks daily

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21
Q

Name 3 categories of heat injury

A

Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke

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22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps

A

Cramping in the extremities, abdominal cramps, excessive sweating

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23
Q

What are some signs of an open fracture

A

Bleeding, bones sticking through the skin, check for pulse

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24
Q

What is the treatment for heat cramps

A

Move the casualty to shade or create shade
Loosen clothing
Slowly drink one canteen full of water
Seek medical assistance if cramps continue

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25
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion

A 
Excessive sweating with pale,moist skin
Headache
Weakness
Dizziness
Loss of appetite 
Cramping
Nausea
Urge to defecate
Chills
Rapid breathing
Tingling of hands and feet 
Confusion
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26
Q

What would the treatment be for heat exhaustion

A

Move the casualty to shade or create it
Loosen and remove clothing and boots
Pour water on him and fan him
Slowly drink one canteen of water
Elevate legs
Eliminate strenuous activity for the day if possible
Monitor until symptoms are gone or medical assistance arrives

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27
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke

A 
Skin is red, hot and dry 
Weakness
Dizziness
Confusion 
Headaches
Seizures
Nausea
Stomach pains and cramps
Rapid and weak respiration and pulse 
Unconsciousness and collapse may occur suddenly
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28
Q

If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/Spinal injury or severe head trauma, which method would you use for opening and airway

A

Jaw thrust

29
Q

What would the treatment be for heat stroke

A 
Cool casualty immediately by:
Moving to a cool shady area 
Loosening or removing clothing 
Spraying or pouring water on him and fanning him 
Massaging extremities and skin to increase blood flow
Elevating his legs 
Slowly drink one full canteen of water 
Seek medical assistance
30
Q

What are two basic types of fractures

A

Open (compound)

Closed ( simple)

31
Q

What are some signs of a closed fracture

A 
Swelling
Discoloration
Deformity
Unusual body position 
Check for pulse
32
Q

What should you do first for an open fracture

A

Stop the bleeding

33
Q

What is the basic proven principle in splinting a fracture

A

Splint them where they lie

34
Q

How tight should a tourniquet be

A

Until the bright red bleeding has stopped

35
Q

What are the three types of bleeding

A

Arterial: blood is bright red and spurts with each heartbeat
Venous: blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream
Capillary: blood oozes from the wound

36
Q

Name four common points for checking pulse

A

Carotid: the side of the neck
Femoral: the groin
Radial: the wrist
Posterior tibial: ankle

37
Q

What is heat injury

A

A loss of water and salt, loss of sweat while working in the heat, general dehydration of the body

38
Q

What is the greatest preventative measure for disease

A

Cleanliness

39
Q

What is the treatment for shock

A 
PELCRN
Position the casualty on their back 
Elevate the legs 
Loosen clothing at neck, waist or wherever binding
Acclimatize 
Reassure and keep calm
Notify medical personnel
40
Q

What are one signs and symptoms of shock

A 
Clammy skin
Restlessness and nervousness 
Thirst 
Loss of blood 
Confusion
Fast breathing
Nausea or vomiting 
Blotched or bluish skin 
Perspires freely 
May pass out
41
Q

How do you stop bleeding

A 
Apply a field dressing 
Manual pressure 
Elevate the limb 
Apply a pressure dressing
Digital pressure 
Apply a tourniquet
42
Q

What is CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Used to restore heartbeat

43
Q

When can measure taken to restore breathing in an individual be discontinued

A

When a doctor tells you to stop
When other relieve you
When you cannot physically continue
When the casualty starts to breathe on its own

44
Q

What is AIDS

A

The end stage of HIV infection. The virus has attacked the immune system

45
Q

Name two types of rescue breathing

A

Mouth to mouth

Mouth to nose

46
Q

What do the letters AIDS stand for

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

47
Q

When should a casualty not be placed in shock position

A

When they have:
Head injury
Abdominal wound
Fractured unsplinted leg

48
Q

How long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding

A

5-10 minutes

49
Q

What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty

A

Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit

50
Q

When should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding

A

As a last resort when everything else has failed or when an arm or leg has been severed off

51
Q

What does COLD stand for

A 
Key word in cold weather protection 
Keep it CLEAN
avoid OVERHEATING 
wear it LOOSE and in layers 
And keep it DRY
52
Q

What are the eight steps in evaluating a casualty

A 
Check for: 
Responsiveness 
Breathing 
Pulse
Bleeding 
Shock
Fractures
Burns
Possible concussions
53
Q

What is the first indication of frostbite

A

Skin becomes numb and white particles and patches form on it

54
Q

What do you do to treat frostbite

A

Remove clothing from the affected area
Warm with body heat
Dress the area and seek help

55
Q

When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound

A

When the individual breathes out

56
Q

How should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound

A

On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure

57
Q

What do you do with exposed abdominal organs

A

Wrap them in dry clean material and place on top of the abdomen. Never try to put them back in

58
Q

How do you take the carotid pulse

A

Feel for a pulse on the side of the neck closest to you putting two fingertips near Adam’s apple

59
Q

What are the two-man methods of carrying a casualty

A 
Two-man support carry
Two-mans arm carry 
Two-man fore and aft carry 
Two-hand seat carry
Four hand seat carry
60
Q

What are the one man methods to carrying a casualty

A 
Fire mans carry
Supporting carry
Arms carry
Saddleback carry
Pack strap carry
Pistol belt carry
Pistol belt drag
Neck drag 
LBE carry using bearers LBE
LBE carry using casualties LBE
Cradle drop drag
61
Q

Should you put any medication or cream on a burn

A

No

62
Q

Name the four types of burns

A

Thermal
Electrical
Chemical
Laser

63
Q

What is the primary objective in the treatment of burns

A

Lessen or prevent shock and infection

64
Q

What are the three categories used in medical evacuation

A

Urgent- within 2 hours
Priority- within 4 hours
Routine- within 24 hours

65
Q

What is the first aid procedure for a white phosphorous casualty

A

Smother the flame by submerging the affected area in water or pack with mud. Remove particles by brushing or picking them out

66
Q

What is the first step in the first aid of a burn victim

A

Remove the casualty from the source of the burn

67
Q

What are the two prescribed methods for opening an airway

A

The jaw thrust

Head tilt chin lift method

68
Q

What is the major cause of tooth decay and gum disease

A

Dental plaque

69
Q

What are the Nine major symptoms of nerve agent poisoning

A 
Unexplained runny nose
Unexplained headache 
Sudden drooling 
Difficulty seeing 
Chest tightness or difficulty breathing 
Localized sweating and muscle twitching in exposed areas
Stomach cramps
Nausea
Tachycardia followed by bradycardia
70
Q

What are the 11 severe symptoms of nerve agent poisoning

A 
Strange or confused behavior
Wheezing difficulty breathing and coughing 
Severely pinpointed pupils 
Red eyes with tearing 
Vomiting
Muscular twitching and weakness 
Involuntary urination and defecation 
Convulsions 
Unconsciousness 
Respiratory failure 
Bradycardia

Board Study Guide (28 decks)

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