FM4-25.11 First Aid Flashcards
Name some items that you might use as a splint from your military equipment
Bayonet, rifle, entrenching tool, tent poles and stakes, web belt
What is self aid
Emergency treatment one applies to ones self
What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg
Tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg
How many pressure points which can be used to control bleeding with fingers, thumbs or hands are there on the human body
11
What is the object of first aid
To stop bleeding
Overcome shock
Relieve pain
Prevent infection
What FM covers first aid for soldiers
FM 4-25.11
What is the unique feature of type O blood
Universal donor
When would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound
If in a chemical environment or if it is stuck to the wound
What soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries
Soldiers not accustomed to heat, overweight, priori heat casualties, dehydrated due to alcohol use, diarrhea, lack of water
How high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding
2-4 inches
What are the lifesaving steps. The ABCs
Open the airway and restore bleeding
Stop the bleeding/ protect the wound
Prevent shock
When applying splint where should the bandages be tied
Knots against the splint
Whose first aid dressing should be used on the casualty
The casualties
How should the ends of. An improved pressure dressing be tied
End together in a non slip knot directly over the wound not so tightly to have a tourniquet effect
What is manual pressure
Firm Hands in pressure for 5-10 minutes
Should a casualty be given water to drink
He should not eat or drink
Why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible
To protect it from further contamination and also to control bleeding.
What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet
Mark his forehead with a T and note the time if possible
Should you ever remove or loosen a tourniquet
No
Where is a tourniquet applied
Between the wound and the heart.
How can you prevent athletes foot
Keep your feet clean use foot powder and change socks daily
Name 3 categories of heat injury
Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke
What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps
Cramping in the extremities, abdominal cramps, excessive sweating
What are some signs of an open fracture
Bleeding, bones sticking through the skin, check for pulse
What is the treatment for heat cramps
Move the casualty to shade or create shade
Loosen clothing
Slowly drink one canteen full of water
Seek medical assistance if cramps continue
What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion
Excessive sweating with pale,moist skin Headache Weakness Dizziness Loss of appetite Cramping Nausea Urge to defecate Chills Rapid breathing Tingling of hands and feet Confusion
What would the treatment be for heat exhaustion
Move the casualty to shade or create it
Loosen and remove clothing and boots
Pour water on him and fan him
Slowly drink one canteen of water
Elevate legs
Eliminate strenuous activity for the day if possible
Monitor until symptoms are gone or medical assistance arrives
What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke
Skin is red, hot and dry Weakness Dizziness Confusion Headaches Seizures Nausea Stomach pains and cramps Rapid and weak respiration and pulse Unconsciousness and collapse may occur suddenly
If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/Spinal injury or severe head trauma, which method would you use for opening and airway
Jaw thrust
What would the treatment be for heat stroke
Cool casualty immediately by: Moving to a cool shady area Loosening or removing clothing Spraying or pouring water on him and fanning him Massaging extremities and skin to increase blood flow Elevating his legs Slowly drink one full canteen of water Seek medical assistance
What are two basic types of fractures
Open (compound)
Closed ( simple)
What are some signs of a closed fracture
Swelling Discoloration Deformity Unusual body position Check for pulse
What should you do first for an open fracture
Stop the bleeding
What is the basic proven principle in splinting a fracture
Splint them where they lie
How tight should a tourniquet be
Until the bright red bleeding has stopped
What are the three types of bleeding
Arterial: blood is bright red and spurts with each heartbeat
Venous: blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream
Capillary: blood oozes from the wound
Name four common points for checking pulse
Carotid: the side of the neck
Femoral: the groin
Radial: the wrist
Posterior tibial: ankle
What is heat injury
A loss of water and salt, loss of sweat while working in the heat, general dehydration of the body
What is the greatest preventative measure for disease
Cleanliness
What is the treatment for shock
PELCRN Position the casualty on their back Elevate the legs Loosen clothing at neck, waist or wherever binding Acclimatize Reassure and keep calm Notify medical personnel
What are one signs and symptoms of shock
Clammy skin Restlessness and nervousness Thirst Loss of blood Confusion Fast breathing Nausea or vomiting Blotched or bluish skin Perspires freely May pass out
How do you stop bleeding
Apply a field dressing Manual pressure Elevate the limb Apply a pressure dressing Digital pressure Apply a tourniquet
What is CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Used to restore heartbeat
When can measure taken to restore breathing in an individual be discontinued
When a doctor tells you to stop
When other relieve you
When you cannot physically continue
When the casualty starts to breathe on its own
What is AIDS
The end stage of HIV infection. The virus has attacked the immune system
Name two types of rescue breathing
Mouth to mouth
Mouth to nose
What do the letters AIDS stand for
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
When should a casualty not be placed in shock position
When they have:
Head injury
Abdominal wound
Fractured unsplinted leg
How long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding
5-10 minutes
What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty
Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit
When should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding
As a last resort when everything else has failed or when an arm or leg has been severed off
What does COLD stand for
Key word in cold weather protection Keep it CLEAN avoid OVERHEATING wear it LOOSE and in layers And keep it DRY
What are the eight steps in evaluating a casualty
Check for: Responsiveness Breathing Pulse Bleeding Shock Fractures Burns Possible concussions
What is the first indication of frostbite
Skin becomes numb and white particles and patches form on it
What do you do to treat frostbite
Remove clothing from the affected area
Warm with body heat
Dress the area and seek help
When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound
When the individual breathes out
How should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound
On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure
What do you do with exposed abdominal organs
Wrap them in dry clean material and place on top of the abdomen. Never try to put them back in
How do you take the carotid pulse
Feel for a pulse on the side of the neck closest to you putting two fingertips near Adam’s apple
What are the two-man methods of carrying a casualty
Two-man support carry Two-mans arm carry Two-man fore and aft carry Two-hand seat carry Four hand seat carry
What are the one man methods to carrying a casualty
Fire mans carry Supporting carry Arms carry Saddleback carry Pack strap carry Pistol belt carry Pistol belt drag Neck drag LBE carry using bearers LBE LBE carry using casualties LBE Cradle drop drag
Should you put any medication or cream on a burn
No
Name the four types of burns
Thermal
Electrical
Chemical
Laser
What is the primary objective in the treatment of burns
Lessen or prevent shock and infection
What are the three categories used in medical evacuation
Urgent- within 2 hours
Priority- within 4 hours
Routine- within 24 hours
What is the first aid procedure for a white phosphorous casualty
Smother the flame by submerging the affected area in water or pack with mud. Remove particles by brushing or picking them out
What is the first step in the first aid of a burn victim
Remove the casualty from the source of the burn
What are the two prescribed methods for opening an airway
The jaw thrust
Head tilt chin lift method
What is the major cause of tooth decay and gum disease
Dental plaque
What are the Nine major symptoms of nerve agent poisoning
Unexplained runny nose Unexplained headache Sudden drooling Difficulty seeing Chest tightness or difficulty breathing Localized sweating and muscle twitching in exposed areas Stomach cramps Nausea Tachycardia followed by bradycardia
What are the 11 severe symptoms of nerve agent poisoning
Strange or confused behavior Wheezing difficulty breathing and coughing Severely pinpointed pupils Red eyes with tearing Vomiting Muscular twitching and weakness Involuntary urination and defecation Convulsions Unconsciousness Respiratory failure Bradycardia
