Fluid, Electrolyte, & Acid-Base Imbalances, IV Therapy, Integumentary Disorders,EX Flashcards
Differentiate between crystalloid & colloid solutions
Crystalloid solution is water and undissolved substance its has three types
Colloid solution- water molecule and undissolved substances (blood product)
Describe the difference between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions.
Isotonic - contains same amount of concentration as normally found in the plasma ( helps maintain fluid balance
Hypotonic- fewer dissolved substance compared with the plasma, re hydrate the client (dehydrated patients) cells swell
Hypertonic- more concentrated draws fluid out the cell
difference between whole blood, packed cells, blood products, and plasma
Expanders.
Whole blood is administered when a client needs fluids restoration as well as blood cells.
Packed cells are preferred for client who need cellular replacement but do not need/ be harm by additional fluids
Blood products- that are extracted from blood plasma, albumin, granulocytes and cryoprecipitate. Administered to clients that need specific product not all
Plasma Expanders- non blood pull fluid into the vascular space more effective then hypertonic solution
nursing responsibilities when preparing the patient for IV therapy.
Educated the patient Purpose IV site location & any limitations Length of the procedure
Signs of complications, gather equipments, verified the patient,
Describe nursing actions involved in performing venipuncture, including sites and
devices commonly used.
Assess the client to detect alterations in fluid volume, follow the agency infection control policies, using aseptic technique when caring for the IV site or changing the equipment
Explain equipment that must be replaced during IV therapy
Solutions are replaced after infusion or 24hr, IV tubings every 72 hrs, Y tubing for blood can be reused one time, venipuncture devices are replaced every 72- 96 hrs or immediately if complications occur.
List complications of IV therapy and signs/symptoms for which the nurse monitors.
Phlebitis- inflammation of the vein, Thrombus formation- development of a clot, Localized edema if devices fail to remain in the vein, Circulatory overload - if the volume of infusing solution exceeds the heart’s ability to circulate effectively. Infection, air embolism
Discuss the purpose of a medication lock.
It allow intermittent access to the vein
Describe the nursing process for the patient requiring IV therapyThe nursing process for a patient requiring IV (intravenous) therapy involves several key steps:
Assessment: The nurse assesses the patient’s condition, including their medical history, current health status, vital signs, and specific needs related to IV therapy.
2. Planning: Based on the assessment, the nurse develops a care plan tailored to the patient’s needs. This plan includes selecting the right IV solution (e.g., saline, medication infusion), determining the insertion site, calculating the infusion rate, and considering any precautions or additional interventions needed.
- Implementation: This step involves the actual insertion of the IV catheter into the patient’s vein using sterile technique. The nurse administers the prescribed IV solution, monitors the infusion rate, and ensures proper functioning of the IV line.
- Evaluation: Continuous monitoring of the patient’s response to IV therapy is essential. The nurse assesses the patient for any signs of complications (such as infiltration, infection, or adverse reactions), evaluates the effectiveness of the therapy, and adjusts the care plan as necessary.
- Education and Follow-up: The nurse provides education to the patient and caregivers about the IV therapy, including the purpose, potential side effects, signs of complications, and proper care of the IV site. Follow-up care may involve routine assessment, changing IV sites, or discontinuing the therapy based on the patient’s progress.
List 3 chemical substances that are found in the body fluid
Electrolyte- substance that carry electrical charge
Acid- substance that releases hydrogen into fluid
Bases- substances that bind with hydrogen
2 main fluid locations in the human body and 2 subdivisions.
Extracellular
- Intrsituital, intravascular
Intracellular - K+ lives there
Identify 4 ways in which the body normally loses fluid
Sweating, urination, breathing, bowel movements
identify 5 processes in which water and dissolved chemicals are relocated in the body.
Osmosis, filtration, passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport
2 types of fluid imbalances
Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia, and third-spacing
Differentiate between the 3 types of edema.
Pitting edema, dependant edema- affected by gravity Brawny/ generalized edema-Fluid can no longer be
displaces excessive accumulation
Explain the concept of 3rd spacing.
ts fluid that moves out of the intravascular & intracellular space into the tissue compartments were it
become trap and useless
Explain the concept of 3rd spacing.
Its fluid that moves out of the intravascular & intracellular space into the tissue compartments were it
become trap and useless
Discuss the role of acid and bases in the body.
Acid- substance that releases hydrogen into fluid
Bases- substances that bind with hydrogen
Describe 2 major acid-base imbalances and subdivisions of each
Metabolic Acidosis & Metabolic Alkalosis
Respiratory Acidosis & metabolic Alkalosis
arterial blood gas findings to determine acid-base imbalances.
PH levels 7.35-7.45
CO2 35-45 Hco3 21-28
Fluids consists of
water, electrolytes, acids and bases
Intracellular VS
Extracellular
Intracellular fluid inside the cell wall
Extracellular fluid outside the cell walls
Hypovolemia- VS Dehydration
Hypovolemia- decrease vascular fluid
Dehydration- decrease of overall fluid in the body
LPN Job Duties With IVs
Start IVs
Maintain IV access
Administer most IV solution except ( Blood Products)
Hang most IV piggybacks
