Flood Risk Soft And Hard engineering

Question 1

Flood warning and preparation

Answer 1

There are three stages of warning and they use satellites and technology to measure rainfall so they can warn others

Question 2

Benefit of flood warnings

Answer 2

Cheap
Protect property
Saves lives 24/7
Makes people feel secure

Question 3

Flood warning ⚠ benefits

Answer 3

Doesn’t stop floods
People need to take action and people may ignore warning
Education is required

Question 4

Flood plains zoning

Answer 4

Further away buildings are to river the more important it is
Don’t build in the flood risk areas

Question 5

Flood plains zoning benefits

Answer 5

Low cost

Question 6

Flood plains zoning downfalls

Answer 6

Could be costly to demolish homes

Question 7

Planting trees

Answer 7

Plant trees across floodplains reduces floods as rain gets intercepted by trees by roots

Question 8

Benefits of planting trees

Answer 8

Reduce surface run off during heavy rain episode 
More carbon capture 
Cheap
Reduce water flowing down streams 
Aesthetically pleasing

Question 9

Disadvantages of planting trees

Answer 9

May need to remove concrete

Can look unpleasant at first with baby 👶 trees

Question 10

Examples of planting trees

Answer 10

Welsh government are funded by woodland trust ™ to 🌿 plant 10 million trees

Question 11

River restoration example

Answer 11

River quaggy scheme in south East London which protects 600 houses from being flooded this increase more people going to Sutcliffe Park
Cost 1.1 million

Question 12

Benefits of river restoration

Answer 12

New wetland
New biodiversity
Reduce flooding risk
Aesthetically pleasing

Question 13

Disadvantages of river restoration

Answer 13

Lost of agriculture land

Expensive

Question 14

Urban areas

Answer 14

Building on flood plains creates Impermeable land water is transferred quickly via drains
Rapid movement in water increases flood risk

Question 15

Deforestation

Answer 15

Water is taken by trees and is used up

When you remove the trees more water is available and is transferred rapidly to channels increasing flood risk

Question 16

Farming

Answer 16

Arable farming causes soil to be exposed to the elements which leads to surface run off

Question 17

Dams

Answer 17

These are built in the course of the river channel to control the amounts of water that flows through they hold and release water
Water is store in reservoirs

Question 18

Dams disadvantages

Answer 18

Damn expensive 
Settlement may be lost 
Farmland lost 
Sediment are trapped can lead to erosion further downstream 
Farmland becomes less fertile

Question 19

Examples of dams

Answer 19

Kielder water is the largest in European man made lake
Has a hydroelectric plant
Controls flows of Tyne

Question 20

Channel straightening

Answer 20

Digging a straight channel which water will flow through this speed up the water from flood prone locations

Question 21

Channel straightening disadvantages

Answer 21

Cause flooding downstream

More erosion down streams due to rapid water 💦

Question 22

Channel straightening example

Answer 22

River ouse York

It still flood though 3 000 residents left due to this

Question 23

Embankments

Answer 23

Raise walls along river
Increase amount of water stored in river bank
Looks pleasant if cared for

Question 24

Embankments

Answer 24

Raise walls along river
Increase amount of water stored in river bank
Looks pleasant if cared for

Question 25

Embankments disadvantages

Answer 25

Expensive
Takes a lot of space
Severe flooding if it breaks

Question 26

Embankments example

Answer 26

Thames embankments from 19th century

Reclaim marshy land next to river in central London used granite from Cornwall

Question 27

Flood relief channel

Answer 27

River discharge is reduced so flooding reduce and is prevented gates can be added to control river release

Question 28

Flood relief channels disadvantages

Answer 28

Increase discharge where the relief chanel rejoins the river or another river this can cause more flooding in the area

Question 29

Flood relief channels

Answer 29

Lea Valley between Hertfordshire and Stratford East London in 1976 these were installed and no major flood had ever occur