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Geography studies phyical > Beaches And Features, Erosion Transportation Hard And Soft Engineering > Flashcards

Beaches And Features, Erosion Transportation Hard And Soft Engineering Flashcards

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1
Q

For a sand Dune to form it needs

A

A large flat beat a large supply of sun a large

tidal range so there is time for the sun to dry

an obstacle such as drift was for the doing 2 for against
an onshore wind to move sand to the back of the beach

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2
Q

Step one to sand dunes

A

Towards the back of the beach sand gathers around deposited material such as wood or rock these are embryo dunes

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3
Q

Step 2 on sand dunes

A

We develop and become more stable when vegetation grows around the embryo dunes plants such as marram grass are ideally suited to the condition

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4
Q

Step 3 in sand dunes

A

In time rotten vegetation makes the sand more fertile and more plants grow in the back dunes .

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5
Q

Step 4 in San Dune formation

A

Wind can form depression in the Sand call Ed slacks ponds may form in these

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6
Q

Where is Dorset

A

Dorset is a county in southwest England on the English Channel coast it has a population of 771900

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7
Q

What is Dorset known 4

A

It is known for the Jurassic Coast a long stretch on the English Channel where the Rock formation shows millions of years of geological history

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8
Q

The power of the ways depends on the distance they all have to travel this is called the

A

Fetch

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9
Q

What two forces are needed for the way to become more powerful

A

The wind and distance the fetch

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10
Q

Which coast in Southern England is impacted the most

A

The southern west coast

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11
Q

What two categories of Rock shape southern England coast

A

Hard and soft

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12
Q

In Dorset coast what type of rock is on the outside facing the sea

A

Hard Rock

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13
Q

In the Dorset coast what is the name of the hard rock

A

Portland Rock

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14
Q

What does the Portland rock do

A

It acts like armour it protects the soft rock

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15
Q

Hard Rock

A

Some rocks are hard and resistant to erosion

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16
Q

Soft rocks

A

Shamrocks are soft and easily

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17
Q

Examples of soft rocks

A

Sedimentary rocks such as clay and Shale

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18
Q

Examples of hard rocks

A

Igneous rocks such as granite or basalt and sedimentary rocks such as limestone and sandstone also chalk

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19
Q

How are igneous rocks are formed

A

They are formed by magma from molten Interiors of the Earth

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20
Q

How are sedimentary are formed

A

They are formed from sediments that have settled at the bottom of the ocean or sea

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21
Q

What kind of Cliffs do hard rocks produce

A

They produce vertical Cliff profile e.g. caves Arches and stacks

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22
Q

What kind of Cliffs do soft rocks produce

A

They produce less steep Cliff profile

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23
Q

Concordant coastlines

A

When a coastline has the same type of rock along it’s length B

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24
Q

Discordant coastlines

A

Coastlines where the geology alternates between bands of hard rock and soft rock a

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25
What is a beach
Zone of deposited material that extend from the no water line to the limit of a storm wave
26
What is a bar
Where a spit grows across a bay can eventually and close the way to create a lagoon
27
What is a spit
Formed when a finger of sediment extends for the Shore out to see often at a river mouth
28
How are beaches formed
Beaches are formed by constructive waves where the swash is stronger than the backwash sediments slowly deposits
29
How are steep beaches formed
Steep beaches are formed when powerful destructive waves this means pebbles are now moved far up the beach resulting in a steep beach
30
What are ridges called on beach
A b e r m
31
How are lagoons formed
Longshore drift move sediment along the coastline when it reaches a bay the sediment is deposited across the mouth of Lee Bay
32
Would longshore drift ever stop in the formation of a bar
Not until the bar is fully closed trap in the water behind it
33
How is a spit formed
Spits form on coastlines where there is longshore drift and the coastline changes directions and Ben sharply sediment is deposited out to sea
34
Do strong winds affect the formation of a spit
Yes strong winds or current from the tide causes the end becomes curved the sheltered water behind the spit salt marshes has formed where vegetation grows
35
Does a spit become more extended
Yeah as the deposited sediments builder it starts to form an extension from the land this process continues with the spit gradually growing further into the sea
36
What is a stump
A stump a smaller than isolated pillar of rock when the stack has started to collapse
37
What is a cave
A cave is a large hole in the cliff caused by wave forcing their way into cracks in the cliff face
38
What is a stack
A stack is an isolated pillar of rock left when the top of an arch has collapse
39
What is an Arch
An art is a wave eroded passage through a small Headland which is gradually Rising and deepened until it cuts through
40
Step one in formations of caves arch Stack and stump
Headlands are made of resistant rock that have weaknesses like cracks
41
Step 2 in formation of crack cave arch Stack and stump
The sea erode this part at much quicker rate over many years a hollow is cut-out this hollow would widen and deepen eventually resulting in a cave This happen when waves Force their way into cracks in the cliff face by hydraulic power and abrasion the water contains sand and materials that grind away at the Rock until cracks become a cave
42
Step 3 in the formation of caves stacks stumps and arches
The arch will have started off as a cave if the cave is formed in a Headland it may break through to the other side forming an Arch
43
Step 4 in the formation of caves arches stacks and stumps
Over time through constant erosion the rocks support the arch will weaken resulting in arch collapse leaving a stack behind
44
Step 5 in the formation of cave arch Stack and stump
The stack will be attacked by wave at the base this weak end structure and will eventually collapse to form a stump
45
Step 1 and 2 in wave formation
Waves are created by wind blown over the sea surface as the wind blows over the sea friction making swells in the water
46
Step 3 wave formation
The energy of the wind causes water particles to rotate in a circular motion orbit insides the swell and this moves the wave forward
47
Steps 4 in wave formation
Friction with the seabed alternate the circular orbital motion the top of the wave move faster changing the shape into an elliptical orbit
48
Step 5 in wave formation
As a result the way near the beach begin to break
49
Step 6 in wave formation
When away breaks water is washed up to the beach this is called the wash
50
step 7 in way formation
The water runs back down to the beach the backwash
51
Transportation
Sediment of different sizes can be transported in 4 ways
52
Solution
Dissolve chemicals often from limestone auto is carried in the water unseen
53
Suspension
Fine materials are carried in the water suspended within the water e.g. silt
54
Traction
Large pebbles roll along the seabed
55
Saltation
Particles bounce Along The Sea flow as they are too heavy to be suspended
56
Erosion
Involving the mover removal of material and shaping of landform
57
Hydraulic action
The power of the ways as a smashed onto a cliff into the cliff and forces the rock to eventually collapse
58
Attrition
Rock fragments carried by Sea knock against one another causing them to become smaller and more rounded
59
Abrasion
This is the sandpaper i n g affect of pebbles grinding over a rocky path for horse and a 2 become more smoother
60
Deposition
When w a v e s drop and leave behind the load they were transporting as they don't have enough energy to carry them
61
Cliff
Steep rock face formed by weathering and erosion along the coast
62
Cave
A large hole in the cliff course bag weighs forcing their power into rocks in the cliff face
63
Wave-cut platform
Rocky level shelf at or around sea level represent in the base of a retreated Cliffs
64
Gabion
Steel wire mesh filled with boulders used in coastal defence
65
Mechanical weathering
Physical disintegration of exposed rocks with no change of chemical composition e.g. freeze Thaw
66
Headlands and bays
Rocks that are resistant to erosion Headlands lie between bays of less resistant to erosion at bays of less resistant rock around back to beach
67
Waves
Ripples in the sea caused by the transfer of energy from the wind blown over the surface of the sea
68
Rock armour
Large boulders don't on the beach as part of coastal defences
69
Mass movement
The downhill movement of weathered material under the forces of gravity
70
Longshore drift
Zigzag movement of sediment along a Shore caused by waves go on the beach at an angle and o e turning at a right angle
71
Sand dune
Coastal sand Hill above the high tide Mark saved by wind atoms and covered with grasses and shrubs
72
Rip rap
Loose Stones used to form a foundation for brick water or other structures
73
Groynes
Wooden barrier built at right angles to the beach
74
Council
A body of people elected to manage the affairs of a city or country
75
Examples of soft engineering
Build sand dunes sand dunes regeneration do nothing moving sand between beaches beach nourishment building fences groynes
76
Hard engineering types
Putting huge rocks at the bottom of the cliff to stop erosion rock armour building a wall gabion using wood to stop sound from moving off the beach groynes

Geography studies phyical (46 decks)

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