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Airbus A320 > Flight Controls > Flashcards

Flight Controls Flashcards

1
Q

What are primary flight controls ?

A

They perform roll, pitch and yaw

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2
Q

What are secondary flight controls ?

A

They enhance aerodynamic performances. This includes : flaps/slats, speed brakes and ground spoilers

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3
Q

How are the flight surfaces controlled/operated ?

A

All surfaces are electrically controlled and hydraulically operated.
Stabilizer and rudder can also be mechanically controlled.

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4
Q

How is roll achieved ?

A

By 1 aileron and 4 roll spoilers on each wing

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5
Q

How is pitch achieved ?

A

By 2 elevators hinged to the Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer (THS).
THS can be controlled manually from a cable running from the THS wheel on the pedestal

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6
Q

How is yaw achieved ?

A

By a rudder

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7
Q

How many slats sections are there ?

A

Each wing is equipped with 5 slats sections

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8
Q

How many spoilers on each wing are there ?

A

5 spoilers on each wing numbered 1 to 5 (starting inboard).
Spoilers are used to assist roll with spoilers 2-3-4-5.
Spoilers 2-3-4 are also used as speedbrakes.
On touchdown (or RTO), all spoilers 1-2-3-4-5 are used as ground spoilers

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9
Q

How many flight control computers are there ?

A

11 flight control computers :

  • 2 ELAC
  • 3 SEC
  • 2 FAC
  • 2 SFCC
  • 2 FCDC
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10
Q

What is the ELAC ?

A

Control the normal elevator, stabilizer and ailerons

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11
Q

What is the SEC ?

A

Control the spoilers and remain on SBY for elevator or stabilizer control

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12
Q

What is the FAC ?

A

They control the rudder, rudder trim amd yaw damping. They also compute flight enveloppe parameters (minimum speed, low energy warning, windshear…)

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13
Q

What is the SFCC ?

A

They control the flaps and slats

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14
Q

What is the FCDC ?

A

They acquire the data from the ELAC and SEC and transmit it to the ECAM

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15
Q

What is the maximum deflection for the elevator ?

A

30° nose up - 17° nose down

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16
Q

What is the maximum deflection for the stabilizer ?

A

13,5° nose up - 4° nose down

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17
Q

Which ELAC normally controls the elevator and THS ?

A

ELAC 2

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18
Q

Which hydraulic jacks normally control the elevator ?

A

GREEN for left elevator and YELLOW for right elevator

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19
Q

Which electric motor normally drives the THS ?

A

Electric motor n°1

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20
Q

What happens if ELAC 2 failure or hydraulic jacks failure on the elevator ?

A

ELAC 1 takes over and the outer servojack supplied by the BLUE hydraulic system become active

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21
Q

What happens if both ELAC fail on the elevator ?

A

The elevator is controlled by either SEC 1 or SEC 2 and THS motor n°2 or 3

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22
Q

Is mechanical control of the THS is available anytime ?

A

Yes, if either the GREEN or YELLOW hydraulic system are available.

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23
Q

How many control modes the servojacks on the elevator have ?

A

They have 3 modes :
- Active (jack is electrically controlled)
- Damping (the jack follows the surface movement)
- Centering (the jack is hydraulically retained in neutral position)

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24
Q

What happens if both servojack fail on the elevator ? (regarding the control mode)

A

They automatically switch to damping mode

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25
Q

What happens if neither servojack is electrically controlled on the elevator ? (regarding the control mode)

A

Both servojacks are switched to centering mode

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26
Q

What happens if neither servojack is hydraulically controlled on the elevator ? (regarding the control mode)

A

Both servojacks are switched to damping mode

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27
Q

How many hydraulic motor for the THS ?

A

2 hydraulic motors

28
Q

Does the deflection of the elevator remain the same after a failure of one elevator ?

A

No, it is limited to avoid excessive asymetric loads

29
Q

How are the THS hydraulic motors controlled ?

A

By one of the three electric motors
By the mechanical trim wheel

30
Q

Is hydraulic power required to move the THS ?

A

YES, hydraulic power is always required to move the THS. The three electric motors can only control the two hydraulic motors.

31
Q

What is the maximum deflection of the ailerons ?

A

25°

32
Q

What is the maximum deflection of the spoilers ?

A

35°

33
Q

What is the aileron droop ?

A

The ailerons extend 5° down when the flaps are extended

34
Q

Which ELAC normally controls the ailerons ?

A

ELAC 1

35
Q

What happens if ELAC 1 fails on the ailerons ?

A

ELAC 2 takes over automatically

36
Q

What happens if both ELAC fail on the ailerons ?

A

The ailerons revert to damping mode

37
Q

Which spoilers does the SEC 3 control for roll ?

A

Spoiler n°2

38
Q

Which spoilers does the SEC 2 control for roll ?

A

Spoiler n°5

39
Q

Which spoilers does the SEC 1 control for roll ?

A

Spoilers n°3 and 4

40
Q

What happens if a SEC fails regarding the roll spoilers ?

A

The spoiler it controls automatically retract

41
Q

How many control modes the servojacks on the ailerons have ?

A

They have 2 modes :
- Active (jack is electrically controlled)
- Damping (the jack follows the surface movement)

42
Q

What happens if both servojack fail on the ailerons ? (regarding the control mode)

A

The system selects “damping mode”

43
Q

What happens to the symmetrical spoiler of the failed one ?

A

It is inhibited to prevent asymmetrical control

44
Q

Which hydraulic systems power the spoilers ?

A

All 3, the GREEN, YELLOW and BLUE

45
Q

Which spoilers are speedbrakes ?

A

2 - 3 and 4

46
Q

When does the speedbrake extension is inhibited ?

A

When :
AoA protection active
Flaps are FULL
Thrust lever above MCT
Alpha floor activated
…
(not exhaustive)

47
Q

What happens if speedbrakes are extended and inhibition occurs ?

A

They retract automatically until the inhibition disappears

48
Q

How much time to retract speedbrakes when speed is above 315kt or M.075 ?

A

25 seconds

49
Q

What is the maximum deflection of the speedbrakes when autopilot is engaged ?

A

25° for spoilers 3 and 4
12,5° for spoiler 2

50
Q

What is the maximum deflection of the speedbrakes in manual flight ?

A

40° for spoilers 3 and 4
20° for spoiler 2

51
Q

Which spoilers are ground spoilers ?

A

All spoilers, 1-2-3-4-5

52
Q

What is the aileron anti droop

A

Upon landing, both ailerons are deflected upward to act as spoilerons (to improve landing performance)

53
Q

How does the spoiler extension work during the rejected takeoff ?

A
  • If spoilers are armed and wheel speed exceeds 72kt, ground spoilers will automatically extend as soon as both thrust levers are reset to IDLE.
  • If spoilers are NOT armed and wheel speed exceeds 72kt, ground spoilers will automatically extend as soon as reverse is selected on one engine.
54
Q

How does the spoiler extension work during the landing ?

A

Speedbrakes lever not in the retracted position or ground spoilers armed :
- Both main landing gear on the ground
- Both thrust levers at or below IDLE, or reverse selected on at least one engine

Speedbrakes lever in the retracted position but ground spoilers NOT armed :
- Both main landing gear on the ground
- Reverse selected on at least one engine

55
Q

When do the ground spoilers retract ?

A

After landing when the ground spoilers are disarmed
After a RTO, when the ground spoilers are disarmed
After a Touch & Go, when at least one thrust lever is above 20°

56
Q

How many hydraulic actuators power the yaw damping system ?

A

2 actuators.
Active actuator is powered by the GREEN hydraulic system
SBY actuator is powered by the YELLOW hydraulic system

57
Q

What happens if the yaw damping actuactor fails ?

A

The SBY actuator takes over.

58
Q

What happens if both GREEN and YELLOW actuator fail on the yaw damping system ?

A

A return spring sets the two actuator to the neutral position

59
Q

How many hydraulic actuators power the rudder system ?

A

3 mechanical actuated hydraulic servojacks.
All 3 actuators are controlled mechanically without electrical inputs

60
Q

What is the maximum deflection of the rudder ?

A

25°

61
Q

Which system controls the rudder ?

A

By the FAC.
FAC 1 normally controls the rudder, rudder trim, turn coordination and yaw damping.
FAC 2 remains on SBY

62
Q

What is the Rudder Travel Limiter ?

A

It limits the deflection of the rudder based on speed

63
Q

How many motors does the TLU have ?

A

2 electric motors (FAC 1 controls motor 1 and FAC 2 controls motor 2)

64
Q

Can rudder trim be used in manual flight ?

A

Yes, by using the rudder trim rotary switch

65
Q

Can rudder trim be used with the autopilot ?

A

Rudder trim is done automatically by the FMGS (rotary switch and trim reset button are not active)

66
Q

What is the rate and maximum deflection by using the rudder trim rotary switch ?

A

It moves 1°/sec, up to 20°

67
Q

What is the rate by using the rudder trim reset button ?

A

It resets to zero at a rate of 1.5°/sec

Airbus A320 (22 decks)

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