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Airbus A320 > Electrical > Flashcards

Electrical Flashcards

1
Q

How many networks are there ?

A

The electrical system is based on 2 independant networks, a left and a right, labeled N°1 and N°2
Both network are designed with AC and DC bus bars.
A third “essential” network is in place to supply critical systems in the event of a malfunction

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2
Q

What does the system consist of ?

A

Three-phase 115/200V 400Hz constant frequency AC system and a 28V DC system.

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3
Q

How is the system normally supplied ?

A

By 2 engine driven AC generators (one per engine)

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4
Q

What is the link between the generator and the engine ?

A

The Constant Speed Drive (CSD).

The engine high pressure spool drives each generator via an accessory gearbox. Connected to the gearbox is a regulator, also known as the CSD.

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5
Q

What is the IDG ?

A

Integrated Drive Generator.

The generator and the CSD are combined into one house, located in the engine, known as the IDG

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6
Q

How is controlled the IDG ?

A

By its respective Generator Control Unit (GCU)

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7
Q

What is the GCU ?

A

The Generator Control Unit (GCU) - which is a solid state device that maintains the voltage and frequency within set limits by modulating the field current. The GCU is also responsible for monitoring and protecting the generator.

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8
Q

What is the APU ?

A

Auxiliary Power Unit - which is a third generator, which can power the entire system on the ground or inflight.
It drives a generator similar to the engines (90 kVa - three phase 115/200V 400Hz)

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9
Q

How is controlled the APU ?

A

By the Ground and Auxiliary Power Control Unit (GAPCU).

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10
Q

What is the GAPCU ?

A

The Ground and Auxiliary Power Control Unit (GAPCU) - which is similar to the GCU. The GAPCU is also responsible for monitoring and protecting the generator via the APU Electrical Control Box (ECB).

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11
Q

How is controlled the Ground External Power ?

A

By the Ground Power Control Unit (GPCU).

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12
Q

What is the GPCU ?

A

The Ground Power Control Unit (GPCU) - which is similar to the GAPCU. The GPCU is also responsible for monitoring and protecting the generator for the ground external power.

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13
Q

What happens if all main generators fail ?

A

The hydraulic BLUE system drives an emergency generator, which supplies 5 kVa of three phase 115/200V 400Hz.

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14
Q

How is DC power converted to AC power ?

A

Via a static inverter to convert DC power from BAT1 to a single phase 115V 400Hz AC power.
This supplies part of the AC Essential bus for important components such as engine ignition, cockpit annunciators…

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15
Q

How many AC Generators are there ?

A

AC Generators :
- 2 engine driven generator (GEN1 + GEN2)
- 1 APU generator (APU GEN)
- 1 external power generator (EXT PWR)
- 1 emergency generator (EMER GEN)
- 1 static inverter (STAT INV)

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16
Q

How do DC generators work ?

A

The main DC load is supplied by DC Bus 1 and DC Bus 2 through the Transformer Rectifiers (TRs), TR1 + TR2.
They are supplied with 115V and 400Hz.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the TRs ?

A

They convert AC to DC power at a nominal current output of 200A DC current and a voltage of 28V.

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18
Q

What is the ESS TR ?

A

A third and identical TR, can power the essential DC circuit from the emergency generator, in case of technical event.

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19
Q

How many batteries

A

2 nickel cadium batteries with a capacity of 23Ah.

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20
Q

What is the BCL ?

A

Each battery has a Battery Charge Limiter (BCL), which monitors battery charging and controls its battery connector.

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21
Q

What is the purpose of the MAINT BUS ?

A

When only ground services are required, external power can supply the AC and DC GND/FLT buses, without supplying the entire aircraft.

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22
Q

What is the normal configuration on the ground ?

A

On the ground, APU or EXT PWR may supply the entire system

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23
Q

What is the normal configuration inflight ?

A
  • Each engine driven generator (GEN1 +GEN2) supplies its associated AC BUS (AC1 + AC2)
  • AC1 normally supplies AC ESS bus
  • TR1 normally supplies DC BUS 1, DC BAT BUS and DC ESS BUS
  • TR2 normally supplies DC BUS 2
  • The 2 batteries are connected to DC BAT BUS, if they need charging. When fully charged, BCL disconnects them.
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24
Q

What happens in case of a GEN failure ?

A

The system automatically replaces the failed generator via the contactor with the APU generator if available or the other engine driven generator (GEN).
Part of the galley load automatically sheds.

In case of GEN1 failure :
- GEN 2 supplies the entire system via the contactor.

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25
Q

What happens in case of AC BUS 1 failure ?

A

AC BUS 2 supplies AC ESS BUS and ESS TR supplies DC ESS BUS, both via the ACC ESS FEED pb.
DC BUS 2 supplies DC BUS 1 and DC BAT BUS automatically after 5 seconds.

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26
Q

What happens in case of TR1 failure ?

A

The other TR automatically replaces the faulty one. The ESS TR supplies the DC ESS BUS.

In case of TR1 failure :
- AC BUS 1 powers AC ESS, which supplies ESS TR, which supplies DC ESS BUS.
- TR2 supply remains unchanged.

27
Q

What happens in case of TR1 + TR2 failure ?

A

If TR1 and TR2 are lost, DC BUS 1,DC BUS 2 and DC BAT BUS are lost.

AC BUS 1 supplies the ACC ESS BUS, which supplies ESS TR, which supplies DC ESS BUS.

28
Q

What happens if there is a loss of all main generators ?

A

The Ram Air Turbine (RAT) automatically deploy. This powers the BLUE hydraulic system, which drives the emergency generator. This emergency generator supplies the ACC ESS BUS, and the DC ESS BUS via the ESS TR.

29
Q

What are the conditions for the RAT to deploy ?

A
  • Total loss of AC BUS 1 and AC BUS 2
  • Speed > 100kt
  • Nose gear is up and locked
30
Q

What happens when RAT stalls ?

A

When RAT stalls, the BLUE hydraulic system is not pressurised, emergency generator no longer supplies the AC ESS BUS and the DC ESS BUS.

The network automatically transfers to the batteries and static inverter, and automatically sheds AC SHED ESS and DC SHED ESS buses.

31
Q

What happens when there is a loss of all main generators, with aircraft on the ground and speed is below 100kt (batteries only) ?

A

DC BAT BUS is automatically connected to the batteries.

32
Q

What happens when there is a loss of all main generators, with aircraft on the ground and speed is below 50kt ? (batteries only)

A

AC ESS BUS is automatically shed, leading to the loss of all LCD screens.

33
Q

How long for the RAT to deploy ?

A

About 8 secondes to come online.

34
Q

What is supplying the system during RAT extension ?

A

Batteries are supplying the emergency network (ACC ESS BUS) via the static inverter and DC ESS BUS.

35
Q

When is the APU start available when on the ground if only batteries are powering the emergency network ?

A

When speed < 100 kt

36
Q

What happens during flight with batteries only ?

A

BAT 1 supplies AC ESS BUS via the static inverter.
BAT 2 supplies DC ESS BUS.

37
Q

How does the SMOKE configuration work ?

A

In the configuration, all main busbars are shed. The electrical distribution is the same as it is in emergency elec configuration (loss of all main AC generators), except the fact that in smoke configuration, the fuel pumps are connected upstream of the GEN1 line contactor.

The procedure sheds about 75% of electrical equipment. All equipment that remain powered are supplied via the Circuit Breaker on the OVHD panel (except equipement supplied by HOT buses).

38
Q

What happens when GEN 1 line is selected OFF ?

A

Used in smoke drill, GEN 1 LINE contactor opens. GEN 1 remains running and supplies one fuel pump in each wing tank. AC BUS 1 is supplied by GEN 2 through the bus tie contactor.

Operation of the GEN 1 line pb isolates GEN 1 from AC BUS 1.
Inner tank pumps L1 and R1 are supplied directly by the GEN 1 and those pumps’ relay are supplied by the DC ESS BUS (normally supplied through AC BUS 1)

39
Q

When are the batteries connected to DC BAT BUS ?

A
  • APU starting (Master ON and N% less than 95%)
  • Battery voltage < 26,5V :
    –> ground = connected immediately
    –> inflight = after a time delay of 30 minutes
  • Loss of AC BUS 1 + 2 when below 100kt
40
Q

What could damage the IDG ?

A

When maintaining the IDG pb for more than 3 seconds.

41
Q

When do we have to disconnect the IDG ?

A

ONLY when engine are running or windmilling.

42
Q

When does an IDG FAULT light come ON ?

A
  • IDG oil outlet overheats = when temp > 180°C
  • IDG oil pressure is low (inhibited at low speed N2 < 14%)
43
Q

When does an automatic disconnection of the IDG occur ?

A

When temp reaches 200°C

44
Q

When does a RED FAULT light come ON on the EMER ELEC panel ?

A

It comes red if the emergency generator is not supplying power when both AC BUS 1 and AC BUS 2 are not powered.

45
Q

When does an amber SMOKE light come ON ?

A

The amber light comes ON when there is smoke detected in the avionic ventilation duct.

46
Q

When does the BAT voltage become amber on the SD page ?

A

When voltage is below 25V or above 31V

47
Q

When does the BAT current become amber on the SD page ?

A

When current is above 5A (battery discharge current)

48
Q

When does the BAT discharge current become amber on the SD page ?

A

When discharge current (from DC BAT BUS to the battery arrow) is above 1A

49
Q

When does the DC BAT BUS indication become amber on the SD page ?

A

When DC Battery voltage is equal to or less than 25V

50
Q

When does the TR voltage become amber on the SD page ?

A

When voltage is below 25V or above 31V

51
Q

When does the TR current become amber on the SD page ?

A

When current is equal to or below 5A

52
Q

When does the EMER GEN voltage become amber on the SD page ?

A

When voltage is below 110V or above 120V

53
Q

When does the EMER GEN frequency become amber on the SD page ?

A

When frequency is below 390Hz or above 410Hz

54
Q

When does the GEN load become amber on the SD page ?

A

When GEN load is above 100%

55
Q

When does the GEN voltage become amber on the SD page ?

A

When voltage is below 110V or above 120V

56
Q

When does the GEN frequency become amber on the SD page ?

A

When frequency is below 390Hz or above 410Hz

57
Q

When does the EXT PWR voltage become amber on the SD page ?

A

When voltage is below 110V or above 120V

58
Q

When does the EXT PWR frequency become amber on the SD page ?

A

When frequency is below 390Hz or above 410Hz

59
Q

When does the STAT INV voltage become amber on the SD page ?

A

When voltage is below 110V or above 120V

60
Q

When does the STAT INV frequency become amber on the SD page ?

A

When frequency is below 390Hz or above 410Hz

61
Q

When does the IDG oil outlet temp °C pulse green ?

A

Pulses green when temp > 147°C and at or below 180°C

62
Q

When does the IDG oil outlet temp °C become amber ?

A

When overheats in the IDG (temp > 180°C)

63
Q

What is the RISE indication ?

A

Appears when there is a difference between inlet and outlet temperature in the IDG.
(22 RISE means 22°C difference)

64
Q

How many types of Circuit Breakers (CBs) are there ?

A

2 types :
- Monitored (green) : when OUT for more than 1 minute, C/B tripped ECAM warning
- Non monitored (black)

Wing Tip breakers (WTB) have red caps on them to prevent them from being reset.

Airbus A320 (22 decks)

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