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Introduction to Psychology FINAL > FlashcardsChapter05 > Flashcards

FlashcardsChapter05

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1
Q

Term

A

Description

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2
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The minimum intensity of stimulation that must occur before you experience a sensation. (page 167)

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3
Q

Audition

A

Hearing; the sense of sound perception. (page 188)

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4
Q

Binocular depth cues

A

Cues of depth perception that arise from the fact that people have two eyes. (page 182)

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5
Q

Binocular disparity

A

A depth cue; because of the distance between the two eyes, each eye receives a slightly different retinal image. (page 182)

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6
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

Perception based on the physical features of the stimulus. (page 164)

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7
Q

Cones

A

Retinal cells that respond to higher levels of light and result in color perception. (page 173)

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8
Q

Convergence

A

A cue of binocular depth perception; when a person views a nearby object, the eye muscles turn the eyes inward. (page 183)

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9
Q

Difference threshold

A

The minimum amount of change required for a person to detect a difference between two stimuli. (page 168)

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10
Q

Eardrum

A

A thin membrane that marks the beginning of the middle ear; sound waves cause it to vibrate. (page 189)

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11
Q

Fovea

A

The center of the retina, where cones are densely packed. (page 173)

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12
Q

Gustation

A

The sense of taste. (page 194)

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13
Q

Haptic sense

A

The sense of touch. (page 199)

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14
Q

Kinesthetic sense

A

Perception of the positions in space and movements of our bodies and our limbs. (page 199)

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15
Q

Monocular depth cues

A

Cues of depth perception that are available to each eye alone. (page 182)

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16
Q

Object constancy

A

Correctly perceiving objects as constant in their shape, size, color, and lightness, despite raw sensory data that could mislead perception. (page 186)

17
Q

Olfaction

A

The sense of smell. (page 197)

18
Q

Olfactory bulb

A

The brain center for smell, located below the frontal lobes. (page 198)

19
Q

Olfactory epithelium

A

A thin layer of tissue, within the nasal cavity, that contains the receptors for smell. (page 197)

20
Q

Perception

A

The processing, organization, and interpretation of sensory signals. (page 164)

21
Q

Place coding

A

A mechanism for encoding high-frequency auditory stimuli in which the frequency of the sound wave is encoded by the location of the hair cells along the basilar membrane. (page 192)

22
Q

Retina

A

The thin inner surface of the back of the eyeball; it contains the sensory receptors that transduce light into neural signals. (page 173)

23
Q

Rods

A

Retinal cells that respond to low levels of light and result in black-and-white perception. (page 173)

24
Q

Sensation

A

The detection of external stimuli and the transmission of this information to the brain. (page 164)

25
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

A decrease in sensitivity to a constant level of stimulation. (page 169)

26
Q

Signal detection theory (SDT)

A

A theory of perception based on the idea that the detection of a stimulus requires a judgment – it is not an all-or-nothing process. (page 168)

27
Q

Sound wave

A

A pattern of changes in air pressure during a period of time; it produces the percept of a sound. (page 188)

28
Q

Taste buds

A

Sensory organs in the mouth that contain the receptors for taste. (page 194)

29
Q

Temporal coding

A

A mechanism for encoding low-frequency auditory stimuli in which the firing rates of cochlear hair cells match the frequency of the sound wave. (page 192)

30
Q

Top-down processing

A

How knowledge, expectations, or past experiences shape the interpretation of sensory information. (page 164)

31
Q

Transduction

A

The process by which sensory stimuli are converted to signals the brain can interpret. (page 165)

32
Q

Vestibular sense

A

Perception of balance determined by receptors in the inner ear. (page 189)

Introduction to Psychology FINAL (15 decks)

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