Fish Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Where on the egg does fertilization occur?

A

Animal pole, through the micropyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of yolk distribution do fish eggs have?

A

Telolecithal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of cleavage do fish eggs have?

A

Meroblastic, discoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 cell types formed after the mid-blastula transition?

A
  1. Yolk syncytial layer
  2. Enveloping layer
  3. Deep cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which two cell types form the blastoderm?

A

Enveloping layer and deep cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What event triggers the start of gastrulation?

A

50% epiboly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What events lead up to 50% epiboly?

A

The yolk cells push up into the deep cells, and the displaced cells start to move over the yolk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are the hypoblast and epiblast cells formed?

A

While the epiboly is occurring, the cells at the vegetal-most deep cells involute into the blastoderm and separates the deep cells into epiblast on top and hypoblast on the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to the dorsal end of the embryo during gastrulation?

A

The blastoderm gets thicker and forms the embryonic shield. The epiblast undergoes convergence, extends, then involutes to form hypoblast. The hypoblast then intercalates and extends the embryonic shield down towards the vegetal pole over the yolk cell and forms the chordamesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the organizer in zebrafish?

A

The embryonic shield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which layer of cells is undergoing convergence and extension to lengthen the embryonic shield?

A

Epiblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why does the dorsal side of the embryo thicken during gastrulation?

A

Convergence of hypoblast and epiblast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is gastrulation complete?

A

Ectoderm surrounds entire yolk cell, the animal and vegetal poles start to thicken to form head and tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the Nieuwkoop centre do?

A

Specifies the organizer and organizes dorsal and ventral tissue formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to an embryo if a second embryonic shield is transplanted on?

A

Forms second body axis for gastrulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are the embryonic shield and dorsal blastopore lip homologous or analogous?

A

Homologous, common evolutionary origin

17
Q

Which genes induce neural tube formation? How do they do this?

A

Chordino, noggin, follistatin. Inhibit BMP

18
Q

Which gene in frogs is the equivalent of fish chordino?

A

Chordin

19
Q

Where is the Nieuwkoop centre in fish?

A

Dorsal side of the yolk cell

20
Q

What turns on the neural inducer genes in the dorsal side of the embryo?

A

Beta-catenin in the dorsal yolk nuclei

21
Q

What does Nodal do?

A

Signal that is important for placing the organizer in frogs and fish

22
Q

Which fish gene is the equivalent of Nodal in frogs?

A

Squint

23
Q

Which fish gene is the equivalent of Siamois in frogs?

A

Bozozok