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HOPE 4 > FIRST AID OF COMMON EMERGENCIES IN OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES > Flashcards

FIRST AID OF COMMON EMERGENCIES IN OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES Flashcards

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1
Q

refers to administration of care to prevent deterioration of the victim, to aid recovery, and to preserve life

A

first-aid

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2
Q

it generally entails some simple but often life-saving ways that most people can be trained to perform with minimal equipment

A

first aid

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3
Q

is first aid indetified as a treatment?
yes or no

A

no

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4
Q

it is not identified as medical treatment and should not becompared to what a trained medical profession might do

A

first-aid

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5
Q

it is a simple combination of simple procedures and an application of some common sense

A

first-aid

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6
Q

what are 5 common injuries and illnesses in the outdoors?

A

A. Cuts, Scrapes , and Punctures
B. Sprains, Strains, and fractures
C. Concussions
D. Blister
E. Burns ad Scalds

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7
Q

these three can be caused anywhere from rock climbing, cutting self from a knife, and stumbling

A

wounds, cuts, and lacerations

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8
Q

what should you clean cuts with?

A

water and soap

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9
Q

what should you do when bleeding occurs?

A

apply pressure

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10
Q

what should you not apply unless bleeding is severe and does not stop even with direct pressure?

A

tourniquet

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11
Q

what common injury shouls these steps be applied to?

/ clean cuts with soap and water tehn apply antibiotic cream then cover with a sterile bandage and secure using medical tape
/ if bleeding, apply direct pressure uisng a clean cloth to the injury
/ if wound is on the arm or leg raise above the heart to help slow down bleeding
/ don not apply tourniquet unless the bleeding is severe an ddoes not stop even with direct pressure

A

for minor cuts, scrapes, and punctures

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12
Q

what are the four reasons to call emergency personnel for cuts, scrapes, and punctures?

A

/ severe bleeding or bleeding does not stop despite pressure
/ you suspect there is internal bleeding (inflammation and severe pain the area)
/ there is an abdominal pain
/ blood spurts out of the wound

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13
Q

what should you use when applying pressure to a bleeding wound?

A

clean cloth

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14
Q

if wound id on arm or the leg what shoudl you do to help slow down bleeding?

A

raise limb above the heart

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15
Q

it is often the —– , ——, or —– that suffers from a sprain

A

ankle, wrist, or finger

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16
Q

it is often the ankle, wrist, or finger that suffers from a?

A

sprain

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17
Q

it is the ——- that suffers from a strain

A

hamstring

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18
Q

these are injuries that involve the strecthing or tearing of the ligament

A

sprains

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19
Q

this usually occurs when a joint is overextended from its usual range of motion

A

sprains

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20
Q

it is the twisting or pulling of a muscle or tendon

A

Strain

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21
Q

this usually happens when a muscle is stretched and suddenly contracts such as when one is running or jumping

A

Strain

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22
Q

it involves the breaking of a bone

A

Fracture

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23
Q

what are the categories of sprains and strains according to severity?

A

Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3

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24
Q

this category is mild that involves minor tearing of a ligament or muscle

A

Grade I

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25
Q

this classification involves the partial tearing of the ligament or muscle

A

Grade II

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26
Q

this category refers to severe injury that involves the complete tearing of the ligament or muscle

A

Grade III

27
Q

these categories may be treated with rest, ice pack, compression, and elevation

A

Grades I and II

28
Q

what does the acronym RICE mean?

A

Rest
Ice Pack
Compression
Elevation

29
Q

this category of injuries may need further immobilization to hasten the healing process

A

Grade II

30
Q

what are the 5 steps of applying an athletic tape in a basket-weave pattern

A

1 - apply an “anchor strip” around the back of the calf
2 - place another anchor strip under the instep of the foot
3 - apply the “stirrup strip” down the calf, over the ankle, under the foot and back around to the top anchor strip
4 - apply a “horseshoe strip” under the ankle, around the heel, and back around to the bottom anchor strip
5 - continue applying stirrup strips and horseshoe strips in an overlapping pattern just like a woven basket until ankle is fully supported

31
Q

in using bandages do the ——– pattern

A

figure-eight pattern

32
Q

in the following steps what should be used? bandage or an athletic tape?

  • wrap the —- diagonally across teh top then around teh ankle and foot as if making the number eight
  • move to teh heel then toward the calf
  • the wrap then covers the entire foot and ends several inches above the ankle
  • fasten the —— with a clip or secure with tape
A

bandage

33
Q

for a fracture immediately call medical help if the following occurs:

A

/ one suspects injury to the person’s head, neck, or back
/ bone is sticking out of the skin
/ bleeding does not stop after several minutes of firm pressure
/ blood spurts from the wound

34
Q

for a fracture, while waiting for medical help, do the following first aid:

A

/ immobilize the area of injury until help arrives or until the person is brought to the hospital
/ make sure to clean and dress cuts before splinting
/ if bleeding, apply pressure to wound with clean cloth until bleeding stops. if bone is pushing through the skin, do not touch
/ gently tape the disclosed area or fracture to a rolled-up newspaper, ruler, or a rolled piece of clothing with a first aid tape, Avoid moving the injured limb and never force it or even try to twist it back into place

35
Q

it is a traumatic brain injury that is often caused by a blow or bump to the head or body

A

concussions

36
Q

these may be seen on the head or face

A

cuts and bruises

37
Q

it is when some lose consciousness or forget what happened before the injury

A

concussions

38
Q

for a concussion what are four things other to do?

A
  • treat cuts
  • apply ice or compress if no ice is available
  • rest until symptoms dissapear
  • watch out for symptoms that need emergency action
39
Q

for a concussion immediately call for medical help if the following 8 occurs:

A
  • one vomits repeatedly
  • the pupils become unequal
  • one looks agitated or confused
  • one is unconscious or passes out
  • one feels very drowsy
  • there is pain in the neck after the fall or knocked out
  • there is slurred speech
  • one experiences seizures
39
Q

these are especially seen among hikers and trekkers

A

blisters

40
Q

these are a result of ill-fitting footwear

A

blisters

41
Q

they can be painful and may cause discomfort

A

blisters

41
Q

what are the four ways you can treat blisters

A
  • place a piece of adhesive over affected area
  • doughnut-shaped moleskin help swhen blisters are at the bottom of foot
  • if blisters have poppes, wash area with soap and water then put antibiotic cream
  • if it is absolutely necessary, drain a blister with asterilized needle into the side of the blister. Apply with antibacterial solution and cover with gauze dressing and tape
42
Q

this helps when blisters are at the bottom of foot

A

doughnut-shaped moleskin

42
Q

after washing a popped blister what can you apply afterwards?

A

antibiotic cream

42
Q

if blisters have popped what do you wash it with?

A

soap and water

42
Q

are injuries caused by hot liquid or heat

A

Burns or Scalds

42
Q

if still on fire, stop burning immediately by doing what method?

A

stop, drop, and roll

43
Q

when burned, if the clothing sticks what should you do?

A

cut or tear around it

43
Q

this injury can cause immediate swelling

A

burns

44
Q

what degree is it when the top layer of skin is affected

A

first degree

45
Q

to prevent shock, let the person ——

A

lie flat

45
Q

what degree of burn should this be applied?
- immerse in cool water for 10-15 minutes, apply compress if running water is not available

A

second degree burn

45
Q

for second degree burns what are 6 ways you can treat it?

A

/ immense in cool water for 10-15 minutes, apply compress if running water is not available
/ do not apply ice, it can lower body temperature and may cause further damage
/ do not break blister or apply butter of ointment causing infection
/ protect burn with sterile, nonstick bandage, and secure with gauze of tape
/ to [revent shock let the person lie flat and leevate feet for about 12 inches high and elevate burn area about heart level (if possible) and cover the person with coat or blanket
/ wait for emergency personnel

45
Q

what degree of burn is it when it affects the top 2 layers of skin

A

second degree

45
Q

what are three steps you can do for a first degree burn

A

/ put affected area under running water or immense in cool (not ice) water until pain subsides. if no running water is available then apply compress
/ cover with sterile, non-adheisve bandag, or clean cloth
/ do not apply butter or ointments, which can cause infection

45
Q

what degree of burn should this be applied?
- put affected area under running water or immerse in cool (not ice) water until pain subsides. If no running water is available then apply then apply compress

A

first degree burn

46
Q

to prevent shock, elevate the feet for about how high?

A

12 inches

47
Q

to prevent shock, elevate burn area about what level?

A

heart level

48
Q

what should you do if burns:

/ burns penetrates all layers of skin
/ skin is charred looking, with white, brown, or black patches
/ burn blister is larger than two inches and oozes
/ hands, feet, face or genitals are burned
/ the person is an infant or a senior

A

call medical help

49
Q

you should call for medical help if blister is larger than —— and ——

A

two inches and oozes

50
Q

you should fo medical help if burns penetrates —-

A

layers of skin

51
Q

is —— and —– are burned or scalded one must call for medical help immediately

A

infant or a senior

HOPE 4 (9 decks)

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