FIRST AID OF COMMON EMERGENCIES IN OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES Flashcards
refers to administration of care to prevent deterioration of the victim, to aid recovery, and to preserve life
first-aid
it generally entails some simple but often life-saving ways that most people can be trained to perform with minimal equipment
first aid
is first aid indetified as a treatment?
yes or no
no
it is not identified as medical treatment and should not becompared to what a trained medical profession might do
first-aid
it is a simple combination of simple procedures and an application of some common sense
first-aid
what are 5 common injuries and illnesses in the outdoors?
A. Cuts, Scrapes , and Punctures
B. Sprains, Strains, and fractures
C. Concussions
D. Blister
E. Burns ad Scalds
these three can be caused anywhere from rock climbing, cutting self from a knife, and stumbling
wounds, cuts, and lacerations
what should you clean cuts with?
water and soap
what should you do when bleeding occurs?
apply pressure
what should you not apply unless bleeding is severe and does not stop even with direct pressure?
tourniquet
what common injury shouls these steps be applied to?
/ clean cuts with soap and water tehn apply antibiotic cream then cover with a sterile bandage and secure using medical tape
/ if bleeding, apply direct pressure uisng a clean cloth to the injury
/ if wound is on the arm or leg raise above the heart to help slow down bleeding
/ don not apply tourniquet unless the bleeding is severe an ddoes not stop even with direct pressure
for minor cuts, scrapes, and punctures
what are the four reasons to call emergency personnel for cuts, scrapes, and punctures?
/ severe bleeding or bleeding does not stop despite pressure
/ you suspect there is internal bleeding (inflammation and severe pain the area)
/ there is an abdominal pain
/ blood spurts out of the wound
what should you use when applying pressure to a bleeding wound?
clean cloth
if wound id on arm or the leg what shoudl you do to help slow down bleeding?
raise limb above the heart
it is often the —– , ——, or —– that suffers from a sprain
ankle, wrist, or finger
it is often the ankle, wrist, or finger that suffers from a?
sprain
it is the ——- that suffers from a strain
hamstring
these are injuries that involve the strecthing or tearing of the ligament
sprains
this usually occurs when a joint is overextended from its usual range of motion
sprains
it is the twisting or pulling of a muscle or tendon
Strain
this usually happens when a muscle is stretched and suddenly contracts such as when one is running or jumping
Strain
it involves the breaking of a bone
Fracture
what are the categories of sprains and strains according to severity?
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
this category is mild that involves minor tearing of a ligament or muscle
Grade I
this classification involves the partial tearing of the ligament or muscle
Grade II
this category refers to severe injury that involves the complete tearing of the ligament or muscle
Grade III
these categories may be treated with rest, ice pack, compression, and elevation
Grades I and II
what does the acronym RICE mean?
Rest
Ice Pack
Compression
Elevation
this category of injuries may need further immobilization to hasten the healing process
Grade II
what are the 5 steps of applying an athletic tape in a basket-weave pattern
1 - apply an “anchor strip” around the back of the calf
2 - place another anchor strip under the instep of the foot
3 - apply the “stirrup strip” down the calf, over the ankle, under the foot and back around to the top anchor strip
4 - apply a “horseshoe strip” under the ankle, around the heel, and back around to the bottom anchor strip
5 - continue applying stirrup strips and horseshoe strips in an overlapping pattern just like a woven basket until ankle is fully supported
in using bandages do the ——– pattern
figure-eight pattern
in the following steps what should be used? bandage or an athletic tape?
- wrap the —- diagonally across teh top then around teh ankle and foot as if making the number eight
- move to teh heel then toward the calf
- the wrap then covers the entire foot and ends several inches above the ankle
- fasten the —— with a clip or secure with tape
bandage
for a fracture immediately call medical help if the following occurs:
/ one suspects injury to the person’s head, neck, or back
/ bone is sticking out of the skin
/ bleeding does not stop after several minutes of firm pressure
/ blood spurts from the wound
for a fracture, while waiting for medical help, do the following first aid:
/ immobilize the area of injury until help arrives or until the person is brought to the hospital
/ make sure to clean and dress cuts before splinting
/ if bleeding, apply pressure to wound with clean cloth until bleeding stops. if bone is pushing through the skin, do not touch
/ gently tape the disclosed area or fracture to a rolled-up newspaper, ruler, or a rolled piece of clothing with a first aid tape, Avoid moving the injured limb and never force it or even try to twist it back into place
it is a traumatic brain injury that is often caused by a blow or bump to the head or body
concussions
these may be seen on the head or face
cuts and bruises
it is when some lose consciousness or forget what happened before the injury
concussions
for a concussion what are four things other to do?
- treat cuts
- apply ice or compress if no ice is available
- rest until symptoms dissapear
- watch out for symptoms that need emergency action
for a concussion immediately call for medical help if the following 8 occurs:
- one vomits repeatedly
- the pupils become unequal
- one looks agitated or confused
- one is unconscious or passes out
- one feels very drowsy
- there is pain in the neck after the fall or knocked out
- there is slurred speech
- one experiences seizures
these are especially seen among hikers and trekkers
blisters
these are a result of ill-fitting footwear
blisters
they can be painful and may cause discomfort
blisters
what are the four ways you can treat blisters
- place a piece of adhesive over affected area
- doughnut-shaped moleskin help swhen blisters are at the bottom of foot
- if blisters have poppes, wash area with soap and water then put antibiotic cream
- if it is absolutely necessary, drain a blister with asterilized needle into the side of the blister. Apply with antibacterial solution and cover with gauze dressing and tape
this helps when blisters are at the bottom of foot
doughnut-shaped moleskin
after washing a popped blister what can you apply afterwards?
antibiotic cream
if blisters have popped what do you wash it with?
soap and water
are injuries caused by hot liquid or heat
Burns or Scalds
if still on fire, stop burning immediately by doing what method?
stop, drop, and roll
when burned, if the clothing sticks what should you do?
cut or tear around it
this injury can cause immediate swelling
burns
what degree is it when the top layer of skin is affected
first degree
to prevent shock, let the person ——
lie flat
what degree of burn should this be applied?
- immerse in cool water for 10-15 minutes, apply compress if running water is not available
second degree burn
for second degree burns what are 6 ways you can treat it?
/ immense in cool water for 10-15 minutes, apply compress if running water is not available
/ do not apply ice, it can lower body temperature and may cause further damage
/ do not break blister or apply butter of ointment causing infection
/ protect burn with sterile, nonstick bandage, and secure with gauze of tape
/ to [revent shock let the person lie flat and leevate feet for about 12 inches high and elevate burn area about heart level (if possible) and cover the person with coat or blanket
/ wait for emergency personnel
what degree of burn is it when it affects the top 2 layers of skin
second degree
what are three steps you can do for a first degree burn
/ put affected area under running water or immense in cool (not ice) water until pain subsides. if no running water is available then apply compress
/ cover with sterile, non-adheisve bandag, or clean cloth
/ do not apply butter or ointments, which can cause infection
what degree of burn should this be applied?
- put affected area under running water or immerse in cool (not ice) water until pain subsides. If no running water is available then apply then apply compress
first degree burn
to prevent shock, elevate the feet for about how high?
12 inches
to prevent shock, elevate burn area about what level?
heart level
what should you do if burns:
/ burns penetrates all layers of skin
/ skin is charred looking, with white, brown, or black patches
/ burn blister is larger than two inches and oozes
/ hands, feet, face or genitals are burned
/ the person is an infant or a senior
call medical help
you should call for medical help if blister is larger than —— and ——
two inches and oozes
you should fo medical help if burns penetrates —-
layers of skin
is —— and —– are burned or scalded one must call for medical help immediately
infant or a senior
