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HOPE 4 > First Aid for Common Illnesses or Sickness in the Outdoors > Flashcards

First Aid for Common Illnesses or Sickness in the Outdoors Flashcards

1
Q

what are 5 common illnesses

A
  1. fever
  2. headache
  3. altitude/mountain sickness
  4. hyperthermia
  5. hypothermia
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2
Q

3 over the counter medicines that can be given if a person experinces low-grade fever but feels uncomfortable

A

paracetamol, ibuprofen, or acetiminophen

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3
Q

this medicine is not to be adminitered to anyone below 18

A

Aspirin

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4
Q

what temperature is considered to be low-grade to no fever

A

38 * C or 100.4 *F

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5
Q

if fever is —–C or —-F patient must take oral medicines

A

38.8C or 102F

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6
Q

what clothes should be worn to mae temperature low

A

light clothes

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7
Q

for a fever, emergency should be sought when the person is:

A

/ unresponsive
/ having difficulty breathing pr is wheezing
/ has lips turning bluish
/ experiences convulsions or seizures
/ seems confused; and
/ observes sudden onset of rashes

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8
Q

it is because the body was not able to acclimatize to high altitude and was not able to increase ventilation to compensate for the low level of oxygen in higher altitude

A

Altitude Sickness

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8
Q

are often experienced in trekking or hiking due to lask of eye protection from the sun’s rays tensions in the neck, dehydration, swelling of brain tissue due to excessive sweating over a period of days, and consu,ption of large amounts water without taking salt tablets

A

headaches

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9
Q

these three over the counter medicines can help with headaches

A

paracetamol, ibuprofen, or aspirin

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10
Q

it happens because of the raye of ascent into higher altitudesoutspaces the body’s ability to adjust to those altitudes

A

altitude/mountain sickness

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11
Q

what are some triggering factors for altitude sickness

A
  • may be ascending too quickly
  • overexertion in ascent
  • inadequate fluid intake
  • hypothermia
  • alcohol consumption
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12
Q

what are 2 types of altitude sickness?

A

HAPE
HACE

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13
Q

what does HAPE mean?

A

High altitude pulmonary edema

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14
Q

what doea HACE mean?

A

high altitude cerebral edema

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15
Q

in this type of altitude sickness fluids accumulate in the lungs and make breathing extremely difficult

A

HAPE

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15
Q

in this type of altitude sickness refers to the build up of fluid in the brain causing swelling and changes the person’s mental state

A

HACE

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15
Q

it is when he or she loses coordination, becomes comatose, and then dies

A

HACE

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15
Q

are these symptoms HAPE or HACE?
- a person developing —– begins having trouble keeping up with the group
- walking and coordinaton become impaired
- as the brain continues to swell, lethargy and then comatose will develop

A

HACE

15
Q

it typically occurs after more than one day spent at high altitude

A

HAPE

15
Q

are these symptoms of HACE OR HAPE?

  • shortness of breath at rest or experince tightness of chest
  • gurgling or rattling breath
  • cough with frothy or pink sputum
  • lips or fingernails turn bluish or grayish
  • repiratory failure
  • drowsiness
A

HAPE

15
Q

if symptoms of HAPE or HACE occur immediately descend to how many feet?

A

1,500 to 2,000 feet

15
Q

this may be caused by an increase in air temperature, solar, or reflected radiation, poor ventilation in clothing, low fitness level, and excess bulk or the reduced ratio iof skin area to body mass

A

hyperthermia

15
Q

is a condition where the body produces or absorbs heat more than it can dissipate

A

hyperthermia

15
Q

they are painful, involuntary muscle spasms which are more intense than the typical nighttime leg cramp where the muscles affected includes the calves, arms, abdominal wall, and back

A

heat cramps

15
Q

it has three sub-classifications

A

hyperthermia

15
Q

people suffering from hyperthermia experinces these three which are?

A
  • heat cramps
  • heat exhaustion
  • heat stroke
15
Q

usually happen during heavy activity in hot environments

A

heat cramps

15
Q

this happens when the muscles accumulate exccessive lactic acid or a loss of fluid and electrolyte through perspiration

A

heat cramps

15
Q

these are steps to treat?

  • cool down and replenish loss eletrolyte through clear sports drink
  • gently stretch and massage affected muscle group
  • do not resume the strenous activity and rest until cramps fo away
  • take salt pill with water at the start of specific muscle pain
A

heat cramps

16
Q

this case requires first aid similar to what is administered in case of heat cramps

A

heat exhaustion

16
Q

it is when the water is not sufficient for the body’s demand in a particular outdoor activity, the body becomes dehydrated and salt-depleted

A

heat exhaustion

16
Q

this results in nausea, faintness, a weak rapid pulse and/or cold, and sweaty skin

A

heat exhaustion

17
Q

it is the most serious degree of hyperthermia

A

heat stroke

17
Q

these are symptoms of?

  • losses consciousness
  • becomes disoriented
  • pulse rate siddenly become fast
  • seizures
  • has warm, red, dry skin, and body temperature above 103*F
  • reduced sweating
A

heat stroke

18
Q

what tempreature indicates heat stroke? in fahrenheit

A

103*F

18
Q

it occurs when the body chills fster than the body’s ability to produce heat due to exposure to cold, wet, and/or wind weather

A

hypothermia

18
Q

generally occurs in temperatures of less than 35*C

A

Hypothermia

18
Q

not taking enough energy-producing food and not having proper clothing speeds up —-

A

hypothermia

18
Q

what temperature in Celsius do Hypothermia occur?

A

less than 35*C

19
Q

what common sickness should these steps be applied?

  • move the person to a sheltered area and restore warmth slowly
  • remove wet clothes and replace with dry clothes
  • wrap with blankets or sleeping bag
  • exhale warm air near the vicinity of the patient’s mouth and nose
  • note that rapid warming can cause heart arrhythmia so it is advised not to immerse the person in warm water. War person’s trunk first — not the hands and feet — as warming extermeties first can cause shock
  • find wat for the victim to stay conscious
  • begin CPR if necessary and continue until emergency personnel arrive
A

hypothermia

20
Q

one should call for medical help if body temperature drops below —– in (celsius and fahrenhiet) for hypothermia

A

35 * C and 95 F

20
Q

when experiencing hypothermia, which part of the body should be warmed first?

A

person’s trunk

20
Q

when one experience hypothermia, is it okay for them to fall asleep?
yes or no

A

no

21
Q

for hypothermia one should call for medical help if a person: (4 reasons)

A
  • shows confusion, memory loss, or slurred speech
  • body temperature drops below 35C (95F)
  • loss of consciousness
  • shallow breathing

HOPE 4 (9 decks)

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