DRSABCD

Question 1

is the worst enemy of any emergency situation.

Answer 1

Panic

Question 2

It even makes a bad situation worse, as this
spreads to others as well. It does not allow one to think. It even hinders or interferes with rational
thinking and causes confusion.

Answer 2

Panic

Question 3

So, the first thing to do in an emergency situation is to

Answer 3

stay calm

Question 4

DRSABCD stands for:

Answer 4

Danger
Response
Send for help
Airway
Breathing
CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
Defibrillator

Question 5

always check the danger to you, any bystanders and then the injured or ill person.
Make sure you do not put yourself in danger when going to the assistance of another person.

Answer 5

Danger

Question 6

is the person conscious? Do they respond when you talk to them, touch their hands
or squeeze their shoulder?

Answer 6

Response

Question 7

or shout for help. Don’t forget to answer the questions asked by
the operator.

Answer 7

Send for help

Question 8

Is the person’s airway clear? Is the person breathing? If the person is responding, they
are conscious and their airway is clear, assess how you can help them with any injury.

Answer 8

Airway

Question 9

when to do this?
you need to check their airway by
opening their mouth and having a look inside.

Answer 9

If the person is not responding and they are unconscious

Question 10

when to do this?
tilt their head gently back (by lifting their chin) and check for breathing.

Answer 10

If their mouth is clear

Question 11

when to do this?
place the person on their
side, open their mouth and clear the contents, then tilt the head back and check for breathing.

Answer 11

If the mouth is not clear

Question 12

check for breathing by looking for chest movements (up and down). Listen by
putting your ear near to their mouth and nose. Feel for breathing by putting your hand on the
lower part of their chest. If the person is unconscious but breathing, turn them onto their side,
carefully ensuring that you keep their head, neck and spine in alignment. Monitor their
breathing until you hand over to the ambulance officers.

Answer 12

Breathing

Question 13

for breathing check for breathing by looking for chest movements like—

Answer 13

(up and down).

Question 14

Listen by
putting your ear near to their

Answer 14

mouth and nose

Question 15

Feel for breathing by putting your hand on the
lower part of their

Answer 15

chest

Question 16

If the person is unconscious but breathing, turn them onto their side, carefully ensuring that you keep their —-, —–, and —– in alignment

Answer 16

head, neck and spine

Question 17

if an adult is unconscious and not breathing, make sure
they are flat on their back and then place the heel of one hand in the centre of their chest and
your other hand on top. Press down firmly and smoothly (compressing to one third of their
chest depth) 30 times. Give two breaths. To get the breath in, tilt their head back gently by
lifting their chin. Pinch their nostrils closed, place your open mouth firmly over their open
mouth and blow firmly into their mouth. Keep going with the 30 compressions and two breaths
at the speed of approximately five repeats in two minutes until you hand over to the ambulance
officers or another trained person, or until the person you are resuscitating responds. The
method for CPR for children under eight and babies is very similar and you can learn these skills
in a CPR course.

Answer 17

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

Question 18

meaning of CPR

Answer 18

(cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

Question 19

for unconscious adults who are not breathing, apply an automated external
defibrillator (AED) if one is available. They are available in many public places, clubs and
organisations. An AED is a machine that delivers an electrical shock to cancel any irregular heart
beat (arrhythmia), in an effort get the normal heart beating to re-establish itself. The devices are
very simple to operate. Just follow the instructions and pictures on the machine, and on the
package of the pads, as well as the voice prompts. If the person responds to defibrillation, turn
them onto their side and tilt their head to maintain their airway. Some AEDs may not be suitable
for children.

Answer 19

Defibrillator

Question 20

is a machine that delivers an electrical shock to cancel any irregular heart
beat (arrhythmia), in an effort get the normal heart beating to re-establish itself.

Answer 20

AED

Question 21

Some AEDs may not be suitable
for

Answer 21

children