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HOPE 4 > First Aid for Aquatic Hazards, Environmental Hazards, and Drowning > Flashcards

First Aid for Aquatic Hazards, Environmental Hazards, and Drowning Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 AQUATIC HAZARDS?

A
  • jellyfish/portuguese Man-of-War/ FIre Corals
  • Sea Urchin/Weever Fish
  • Stingray
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2
Q

when stung jellyfish/portuguese man of war/ fire corals pne must:

A
  • get the person out of the water
  • stop the stinging
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3
Q

what kind of water do you use to wash after being stung by jellyfish/p man of war/ fire corals

A

seawater

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3
Q

what are the 4 ways you can do to stop the stinging after being stung by a jellyfish/p man or war/ fire corals

A
  • wash the area with seawater to deactivate stinging cells
  • rinse area with vinegar for atleast 30 seconds. if vinegar is not available, a solution of baking soda can be used,. This will deactivate the cells
  • next, soak the area in hot for at least 20 minutes if possible. Cold pack can be used instead if the area cannot be soaked in hot water
  • to relieve itching and swelling, use mild hydrocortisone crea, or oral antihistamine
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3
Q

how man second(s) do you need to rinse the area stung by jellyfish/ p man of war/ fire corals using vinegar?

A

30 seconds

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4
Q

what can you use if vinegar is not available?

A

a solution with baking soda

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4
Q

how many minute(s) should you soak the stung area in hot water?

A

at least 20 mins

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4
Q

what kind of water should you soak teh stung area for atleast 20 minutes?

A

hot water

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5
Q

what can be used if the area cannot be soaked in water?

A

cold packs

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6
Q

what to use to relieve itching and swelling?

A

mild hydrocotisone cream or oral antihistamine

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7
Q

the sting of this kind of jellyfish can be fatal

A

box jellyfish

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8
Q

how many people die from sting by box jelyfish annually in the Philippines?

A

20 - 40 people

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9
Q

stings cuased by these two are treater similarly with jellyfish/p manof war/ fire corals

A

Sea Urchin/ Weever Fish

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10
Q

there is no antidote for a sting caused by?

A

a stingray

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10
Q

for stingray stings, to control pain immerse the affected area in hot water for how many minutes?

A

30-90 minutes

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11
Q

spines of stingray embedded in or near —– or —– must be assssed ans spines may need to be surgically removed

A

joints or tendons

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11
Q

what can you use to remove spines of sea urchin and a weever fish using a?

A

tweezer

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12
Q

how do you clean the wound from a sea urchin / weever fish?

A

scrub wound with soap and rinse with freshwater

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13
Q

these are first aid tips whe being stung by a?

  • to contorl pain, immerse the affected are in hot water (as hot as can be tolerated without burning skin) for 30- 90 minutes
  • any larger spines should be carefully removed from wound using tweezers (avoid touching the spine with bare ) Spines embedded in or near joints or tendons must be assessed and spines may need to be surgically removed
  • clean wound using soap and fresh water, do not cover wound
A

a stingray

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13
Q

what are three kinds of environmental hazards?

A

-poison ivy/ poison oak/poison sumac / wood nettle
- leeches
- snake bites

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13
Q

these plants have a substance called urushiol which causes the rash

A

poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac

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14
Q

poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac have a substance called —- which causes the rash

A

urishiol

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15
Q

what can you use to get rids of the stinging hairs from poison ivy?

A

duct tape

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15
Q

these are plants that can cause an itchy rash upon contact

A

poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac

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15
Q

what should you not do with stinging hair?

A

rubbing them

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16
Q

rashes caused by poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac usualy disappears after how many weeks?

A

2-3 weeks

17
Q

when affected by poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac one should apply cool compress for how many minutes?

A

15 - 30 minutes

18
Q

are locally called “limatik” are common sights in the Philippine forest

A

leeches

19
Q

clinging and sucking blood on their skin

A

leeches

20
Q

what can be used to hasten leeches to fall off?

A

alcohol-based solution or flame

20
Q

pulling leeches out is not advisable as it may ——– or —— the blood it has ingested

A

regurgitates or vomit back

20
Q

if leech is ingested, what can be done?

A

gargle with alcohol based drin k

20
Q

what is the safest way to deal if leech attaches itself to a person’s eyes?

A

let medical personnel remove it

21
Q

among 3000 species of snake how many are considered as venomous?

A

600

21
Q

these snakes have a triangular shaped heads and elliptical eyes like a cat’s eye

A

venomous snakes

21
Q

how many species of snakes are there?

A

3 000

21
Q

this animal, just like any other, attack as part of their defensive instict

A

snakes

22
Q

these snakes have rounded heads and have round eyes

A

non-venomous snakes

23
Q

it is an important medical emegergency and cause of hospital admission.

A

snakes bites

23
Q

most of this snakes have a color pattern

A

venomous snakes

24
Q

most of these snakes have one solid color

A

non-venomous snakes

25
Q

should you do this or not?

suck the venom from the patient’s open wound

A

DO NOT

25
Q

it may result in the death or chronic disability of many active younger people especially those involved in farming and plantation work

A

snake bite

25
Q

not all snake bites are —-

A

fatal

26
Q

what is the first thing to do when a person is bitten by a snake?

A

reassure the victim

26
Q

the following are symptoms of?

  • fang marks in the skin
  • blurred vision
  • burning of the skin
  • convulsions
  • diarrhea
  • dizziness
  • excessive sweating
  • fainting
  • fever
  • increased thrist
  • collapse
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • severe headache
  • “heaviness” of the eyelids
  • drowsiness
A

snake bites

26
Q

what are 6 common examples of poisonous snakes?

A
  • cobra
  • copperhead
  • coral snake
  • cottonmouth
  • rattlesnake
  • various snakes found in zoos
26
Q

it is the only effective antidote for snake venom

A

antivenom

27
Q

who said that eight people die every day in the Philippines due to drowning?

A

World Conference on Drowning Prevention (2011)

28
Q

according to World Conference on Drowning Prevention (2011), how many people die everyday in Ph due to drowning?

A

eight people

29
Q

UNICEF survey showed that drowning has been ranked as the _______ leading cause of death in the Philippines

A

4th

30
Q

these are steps in giving first -aid to a person who?

  • call for help before beginning these important first aid emergency techniques
  • turn the person’s head to the side to allow any water to drain from his or her mouth and nose. trun the head back to the center
  • check for breathing and pulse. if both are not present perform CPR
  • if there is pulse but no breathing, begin mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
  • give two rescue breathe in the mouth of the person as you pinch his or her nose. This helps airs get past any water that is clogging the breathing passageways and teh lungs. After four strong breathes, put your ears near the mouth to listen and watch for chest for signs of breathing
  • check pulse and repeat cycle if there is not pulse until emergency personnel arrive
  • it is important to bring victim to a hospital even if he/he has started breathing, there might be complication resulting from the water exposure such as pneumonia, infection, etc.
A

drowning victim

31
Q

This helps airs get past any water that is clogging the breathing passageways and teh lungs.

A

giving two rescue breaths

32
Q

After four strong breathes, put your ears near the ——– to listen and watch for chest for signs of breathing

A

mouth

33
Q

it may cause a heart attck so check if the victim is breatjing or has a pulse

A

lightning strike

34
Q
A
34
Q
A
34
Q

if a person is struck by a lightning and if place is cold and wet what should you do?

A

put a protective layer on the ground to avoid risk of hypothermia

35
Q

it also causes injuries such as burns, shock, trauma. treat each of the injuries with first aid until help arrives

A

lightning

36
Q

the initial number in the Philippines which was managed by the Department of the Interior and Local Goverment and calls will be answered by Philippines National Police

A

117 or PATROL 117

37
Q

when did 117 become 911?

A

august 1, 2016

38
Q

on august 1, 2016, 117 was changed to?

A

911

39
Q

for the materials inside a kit to be kept safe, what kind of bag should you use?

A

waterproof bag

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