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Health Aide > FIRST AID > Flashcards

FIRST AID Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS NALOXONE?

A

A medication used to reverse the overdose affects of an opioid and help the person to survive.

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2
Q

WHAT ARE COMMON OPIOIDS THAT RESULT IN DEATH FROM OVERDOSE?

A
  • Morphine
  • Fentanyl
  • Heroin
  • Oxycodone
  • Methadone
  • Hydrocodone
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3
Q

COMMON SIGNS OF OPIOID OVERDOSE:

A
  • Unresponsiveness with shallow or slow breathing
  • No breathing or only gasping
    You may suspect a drug overdose if you see signs of drugs nearby or if there’s other evidence of drug use.
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4
Q

WHAT’S MORE IMPORTANT, CPR OR NALOXONE?

A

NALOXONE

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5
Q

WHAT IS CONSIDERED LIFE- THREATENING BLEEDING?

A

If blood flow is continuous and steady, volume appears large, about half of a 12oz can of soda.

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6
Q

IF SOMEBODY IS BLEEDING, WHEN SHOULD YOU PHONE 911?

A

If:
- There is a lot of bleeding
- You can’t stop the bleeding
- You see signs of shock
- You suspect a head, neck, or some injury
- You’re not sure what to do

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7
Q

WHAT TYPES OF INJURIES MAY LEAD TO LIFE THREATENING BLEEDING?

A
  • Car accidents
  • Cuts from glass
  • Accidents
  • Knife penetration injuries
  • Gunshot wounds
  • Falls from height
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8
Q

FIRST AID FOR EXTERNAL BLEEDING

A
  • Make sure the scene is safe
  • Send someone to get the first aid kit
  • If possible, have the injured person apply direct pressure to the injury while you are quickly gathering supplies
  • Put on gloves as soon as they are available
  • If the bleeding is non- life threatening, apply a dressing over the bleeding area
  • Use the heel of your hand to apply pressure directly to the wound. If possible, keep your arms straight while applying pressure downward into the wound. Direct pressure should be firm, steady and constant.
  • Do NOT remove pressure from the wound to add more dressings.
  • Do NOT remove dressing once it’s in place, because it could cause the wound to bleed more.
  • Continue holding firm pressure until help arrives or the bleeding stops. Releasing pressure to soon can allow the wound to start bleeding again.
  • If the bleeding dies not stop, press harder.
  • Keep pressure on the wound until it stops bleeding
  • Once the bleeding stops or if you cannot keep pressure on the wound, wrap a bandage firmly over the dressing to hold it in place.
  • A person with bleeding should be seen by a healthcare provider as soon as possible because the person may need stitches or a tetanus shot.
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9
Q

HOW TO APPLY A MANUFACTURED TOURNIQUET:

A
  1. Apply the tourniquet 2 - 3 inches above the bleeding site.
    - Do not place the tourniquet on a joint
  2. Pull the free end of the tourniquet to make it as tight as possible, and then secure it.
  3. Twist the windlass until the bleeding stops. Tightening will often cause pain, but will help the bleeding stop.
  4. Twist the windlass as tight as possible.
  5. Secure the windlass and note the time the tourniquet was applied.
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10
Q

IF THERE IS CONTINUED BLEEDING AFTER APPLYING A TOURNIQUET, WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

A

Apply a second tourniquet above the first, close to the heart. If this does not stop the bleeding or a second tourniquet is not available, pack the wound and apply pressure.

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11
Q

WHAT DO YOU DO TO A BLEEDING WIND OF YOU DON’T HAVE A TOURNIQUET OR IF IT FAILS?

A

Continue applying direct pressure to the wound.

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12
Q

HEMOSTATIC DRESSING:

A

Wound dressing that contains an active ingredient that promotes blood clotting.

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13
Q

A PERSON IN SHOCK MAY:

A
  • Feel weak, faint, or dizzy
  • Feel nauseated or thirsty
  • Have pale or grayish skin
  • Be cold and clammy to the touch
  • Be restless, agitated, or confused
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14
Q

ACTIONS TO TAKE FOR SHOCK:

A
  • Make sure the scene is safe
  • Phone 911, get first aid kit and AED
  • Help the person lie on their back
  • cover them with a blanket to keep them warm
  • ## Check to see if CPR is needed, give CPR if needed
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15
Q

WOUND:

A

An injury of the soft tissue in the body.

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16
Q

WHICH WAY SHOULD SOMEONE WITH A NOSE BLEED LEAN?

A

Forward

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17
Q

ACTIONS TO TAKE: NOSEBLEED

A
  • Get the first aid kit and wear gloves if available.
  • Have the person sit straight up and tilt their head forward slightly.
  • Apply pressure by pinching the soft part of the nose on both sides with a clean dressing.
  • Place constant pressure on the nostrils for a few minutes until the bleeding stops. If the bleeding continues, press harder
  • Phone 911 can’t if you
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18
Q

FIRST AID FOR TOOTH INJURY:

A
  • Get the first aid kit.
  • Put on gloves.
  • Check the person’s mouth for any missing or loose teeth or parts of teeth.
  • If a tooth is chipped, gently clean the injured area by rinsing it with saline or clean water.
  • If a tooth is loose, have a person bite down on gauze to keep the tooth in place.
  • If a tooth comes out, it may be possible for a dentist to reattach the tooth. So, when you hold it, make sure to hold the tooth by the crown, not the root.
  • Apply pressure with gauze to stop any bleeding in the empty root socket.
  • clean the area where the tooth was located with saline or clean water.
  • Put the tooth in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution or an oral rehydration salt solution, or wrap the tooth in cling film. If none of these are available, store the tooth in cow’s milk or in the injured persons saliva (not in the mouth).
  • Do not store the tooth in tap water.
  • Immediately take the injured person and the tooth to the dentist or emergency room.
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19
Q

WHAT TO DO IF SOMETHING SMALL, LIKE SAND, GETS IN THE EYE:

A
  • Keep the eye open and rinse with lots of running water.
  • Tell the person not to rub their eye because that could cause further damage.
    If the person is an extreme pain, or the object doesn’t come out after rinsing with water, or the person has trouble seeing, tell them to keep their eyes closed until a healthcare provider sees them.
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20
Q

WHAT TO DO FOR CUTS OR PUNCTURES ON THE EYE:

A
  • Don’t rinse with any liquid or remove any embedded object.
  • Phone or have someone phone 911, and wait for advanced help to arrive.
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21
Q

WHAT TO DO FOR A DIRECT HIT TO THE EYE:

A
  • Apply a cold compress to the affected area for 5 to 10 minutes at a time. Never place ice directly on your body. Use a cloth barrier, such as a small towel, at all times.
  • Phone a health care provider to see if an examination is recommended.
  • If there is drainage from the eye, the person’s vision changes, or there is persistent pain or visible abnormalities, take the person to the emergency room or phone 911.
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22
Q

WHAT TO DO FOR CHEMICALS TO THE EYE:

A
  • Rinse the eyes with lots of water for at least 15 minutes. If an eye wash station is nearby or you have access to an eye wash kit, use it. If neither is available, use tap water or a normal sailing or contact lens solution.
  • If only one eye is affected, be sure the rents water doesn’t drip into the unaffected eye.
  • Tell the person not to rub their eye to avoid causing further damage.
  • Contact your local poison control center, seek help from a medical provider, or phone 911.
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23
Q

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO FOR OBJECTS THAT PENETRATE THE BODY?

A

If the object is stuck in the body, leave it there until a healthcare provider can treat the injury. Taking it out may cause more bleeding and damage.

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24
Q

ACTIONS FOR PENETRATING AND PUNCTURE INJURIES:

A
  • Make sure you’re safe from whatever or whoever caused injury.
  • Phone or have someone else phone 911 and get the first aid kit and AED.
  • Try to keep the injured person from moving to help prevent further injury.
  • Put on gloves.
  • Try to stop any bleeding you can see.
    -If the object is stuck in the body, leave it there.
  • Finally be prepared to give CPR and use the AED if the person becomes unresponsive and stops breathing.
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25
Q

AMPUTATION

A

When any part of the body is cut or torn off.

26
Q

HOW TO CARE FOR A SMALL AMPUTATED BODY PART:

A
  • Rinse the body part to clean water.
  • Cover it with a clean dressing.
  • Place it in a water tight plastic bag.
  • Place the bag in another container with ice or ice and water.
  • Label it with the injured person’s name the date and the time.
  • Make sure the body part gets to the hospital with the injured person. Remember, do not place the amputated body part directly on ice because extreme cold can injure it.
27
Q

INTERNAL BLEEDING

A

Bleeding that occurs inside the body. Internal bleeding is generally caused by severe injury or trauma that causes a blood vessel to tear and bleed inside the body.

28
Q

WHEN SHOULD YOU SUSPECT INTERNAL BLEEDING?

A
  • Was injured in a car crash or was hit by a car.
  • Fell from a height.
  • Was injured in the abdomen or chest breath (including bruises such as seatbelt marks).
  • Was injured during a sporting event, such as slamming into another person or being hit by a ball.
  • Has pain in the abdomen or chest after an injury.
  • Has shortness of breath after an injury.
  • Is coughing up or vomiting blood after an injury.
  • Shows signs of shock without external bleeding.
  • Was stabbed or shot.
29
Q

INTERNAL BLEEDING ACTIONS TO TAKE:

A
  • Make sure you are safe from whatever caused the person’s injury.
  • Phone 911 so that advanced help can arrive as quickly as possible.
  • Have someone get the 1st aid kit and AED.
  • Be prepared to provide CPR if the person becomes unresponsive and stop breathing normally.
  • If the person is responsive have them lie down and keep still.
  • Treat any external injuries while waiting for help to arrive.
  • Internal bleeding can cause shock. So, you want to check for signs of shock and provide 1st aid as needed.
30
Q

HEAD INJURY SYMPTOMS:

A

A person with a head injury may:

  • Act sleepy or confused.
  • Moan or not responded at all.
  • Vomit.
  • Have trouble seeing walking or moving any part of the body.
  • Have a seizure.
31
Q

When do you phone 911 for a head injury?

A

Anyone with a head injury that results in a change in symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare provider as soon as possible. If the person becomes unresponsive, phone 911.

A person with any of these signs should not play sports, drive a car, ride a bike, or work with heavy machinery until a health care provider says it’s OK to do so.

32
Q

HOW DO CONCUSSIONS OCCUR?

A

When the head of the body is hit so hard that the brain is moved inside.

33
Q

WHEN ARE CONCUSSION SYMPTOMS NOTICEABLE?

A

Symptoms may occur immediately or symptoms may not become noticeable for hours or even days.

34
Q

CONCUSSION SIGNS:

A
  • Appearing dazed, stunned or confused.
  • Forgetting an instruction.
  • Moving in a clumsy way.
  • Answering questions slowly.
  • Losing consciousness (even briefly).
  • Showing changes in mood, behavior, or personality.
35
Q

CONCUSSION SYMPTOMS SOMEONE MIGHT REPORT:

A
  • Headache or a feeling of pressure in the head.
  • Nausea or vomiting.
  • Balance problems or dizziness.
  • Double or blurry vision.
  • Sensitivity to light or noise.
  • Feeling sluggish, hazy, foggy, or groggy.
  • Problems with concentration or memory.
  • Confusion.
  • Feeling off or depressed.
36
Q

WHEN SHOULD YOU SUSPECT POSSIBLE SPINAL INJURY?

A
  • If the person is 65 years of age or older.
  • Was in a car or bicycle crash.
  • Fell.
  • Has tingling or is weak and the extremities.
  • Has pain or tenderness in the neck or back.
  • Appears intoxicated or not fully alert.
  • Has other painful injuries especially of the head or neck.
37
Q

WHAT TO DO FOR A SPINE OR NECK INJURY:

A
  • Do not twist or turn the head or neck unless it’s necessary to turn the person face up to provide CPR, you need to move the person out of danger, or the person is having trouble breathing is vomiting or has fluids in their mouth.
38
Q

ACTIONS TO TAKE - POSSIBLE HEAD, NECK, AND SPINE INJURY:

A
  • Phone 911 and get the 1st day kit and AED.
  • Serious complications can result from moving a person with an injury to the head neck or spine. Have them remain still and don’t twist or turn the person’s head or neck unless absolutely necessary.
  • Stay with the person until advanced help arrives.
39
Q

WHEN SHOULD YOU SUSPECT A BROKEN BONE OR SPRAIN?

A
  • If a person’s arm or leg looks deformed after a fall or an accident.
  • Swelling or bruising.
  • Pain when moving.
  • Pain when trying to bear weight.
40
Q

ACTIONS TO TAKE - BROKEN BONES AND SPRAINS:

A
  • Get the 1st aid kit to treat any external bleeding.
  • Ice pack on a towel for up to 20 minutes.
  • The person should avoid using the injured body part until checked by a health care provider.
  • Phone 911 if there is a large open wound, the injured body part is abnormally bent, or you’re not sure what to do.
41
Q

SPLINTING

A
  • Make sure the scene is safe from whatever caused the injury.
  • Then find an object that you can use to keep the injured arm or leg from moving. Rolled up towels, magazines, and pieces of wood, etc. Should be longer than the injured area and should support the joints above and below the injury.
  • After covering any broken skin with a clean or sterile cloth, tie or tape the splint to the injured limb.
  • Use tape, gauze, or cloth to secure the splint it should fit snugly but do not cut off circulation. If you’re using a hard split like wood, make sure you pad it with something soft.
  • Keep the limb still until the injured person can be seen by a healthcare provider.
  • If a broken bone has come through the skin or is bent, it shouldn’t be straightened
42
Q

SHOULD YOU PUT ICE ON BURNS?

A

No, it can damage the injured area.

43
Q

WHAT SHOULD YOU PUT ON BURNS?

A

Cool water and clean dressings.

44
Q

ACTIONS TO TAKE - SMALL BURNS

A
  • Make sure the scene is safe.
  • Cool the burn area immediately under cold but not ice cold running water for at least 10 minutes or until the burn doesn’t hurt. If you don’t have access to running water, use a cool, clean compress.
  • Get the 1st aid kit and cover the burn with a dry nonstick sterile or clean dressing.
45
Q

WHAT BURNS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED SERIOUS?

A
  • Deep
  • Occur on the hands, feet, face, groin, or buttocks.
  • Cause the skin to be dry and leathery.
  • Cover a surface area of 3” or more in diameter.
46
Q

WHAT CAN CAUSE SERIOUS BURNS?

A

Serious burns can be caused by a variety of factors such as hot water or fire.

47
Q

BEST WAY TO PUT A PERSON ON FIRE OUT:

A
  • Have the person stop, drop, and roll.
  • Cover the person with a wet blanket.
  • Once the fire is out, remove the wet blanket.
  • Carefully remove jewelry and clothing that is not stuck to the skin.
48
Q

ACTIONS TO TAKE - SERIOUS BURNS:

A
  • Cool the burn area immediately with cold water for at least 10 minutes.
  • Cover it with dry, nonstick, sterile, or clean dressings.
  • Cover the person with a dry blanket.
  • Check for signs of shock.
  • Make sure the person sees a healthcare provider right away.
49
Q

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL INJURIES:

A
  • Electrocution.
  • Electrical shock.
  • Falls as a result of contact with electrical energy.
50
Q

WHERE CAN ELECTRICITY CAUSE BURNS?

A
  • On the outside of the body and on the inside, injuring organs. You may see marks or wounds where the electricity has entered and left the body.
51
Q

WHAT CAN ELECTRICITY CAUSE TO HAPPEN TO THE BODY?

A
  • Internal and external burns.
  • Stop breathing.
  • A deadly, abnormal heart rhythm.
  • Cardiac arrest.
52
Q

Electricity can travel from the power source through the person to you.

WHAT PRECAUTIONS SHOULD YOU TAKE WITH ELECTRICITY BURNS?

A
  • Don’t touch a person if they are still in contact with the power source.
  • Turn the power off, only if you are trained.
  • Once the power is off, you may touch the injured person.
53
Q

HOW CAN YOU TELL HOW SEVERE ELECTRICITY BURNS ARE?

A

The damage can be severe, but there’s no way to tell how severe by looking at the marks on the outside.

54
Q

ACTIONS TO TAKE - ELECTRICAL INJURY:

A
  • Make sure the scene is safe.
  • If an electrical injury is caused by contact with high voltage, such as a fallen power line, phone 911.
  • Don’t enter the area or try to move wires until the power has been turned off.
  • Phone 911 and get the 1st aid kit and AED if the person is not responsive and not breathing.
  • Make sure it’s safe to touch them before you provide CPR and use the AED.
  • If the person is responsive, treat their burns or other injuries while you wait for advanced help to arrive.
  • A health care provider should check everyone who has had an electrical injury as soon as possible.
55
Q

ACTIONS TO TAKE: ANIMAL BITE

A
  • Wash the wound with plenty of soap and water.
  • Apply a bag of ice and water wrapped in a towel for up to 20 minutes to help with bruising and swelling.
  • See a healthcare provider as soon as possible for all bites that break the skin
56
Q

Signs of venomous snake bites

A

-Pain at the bite area that keeps getting worse.
- Swelling of the bite area.
- Nausea, vomiting, sweating, or weakness.

57
Q

ACTIONS TO TAKE: SNAKE BITE

A
  • Make sure the scene is safe from the snake.
  • Get the 1st aid kit and wear gloves.
  • Ask people to move away from the area.
  • Have someone phone 911 or phone 911 yourself if no one is available.
  • Ask the injured person to stay as still and calm as possible and avoid moving the part of the body that was bitten.
  • Remove any tight clothing and jewelry.
  • Gently wash the area with running water and soap.
58
Q

ACTIONS TO TAKE: BITE OR STING

A

If there is a stinger, scrape the stinger and venom sack away with something hard and dull that won’t squeeze it like the edge of a credit card or ID card.
- Wash the sting or bite area with running water and soap.
- Put a bag of ice and water wrapped in a towel over the area for up to 20 minutes.
- Watch the person for at least 30 minutes for signs of a severe allergic reaction. Use an epinephrine pen if needed.
- Call 911 if needed

59
Q

Spider or scorpion bite or sting can cause:

A
  • Severe pain at the site.
  • Muscle cramps.
  • Headache.
  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Breathing problems
  • Lack of response
60
Q

LIFE THREATENING BITES

A

Brown recluse or black widow.
- Call 911.
- If person becomes unresponsive, perform CPR .

61
Q

ACTIONS TO TAKE: VENOMOUS SPIDER OR SCORPION

A
  • Make sure the scene is safe.
  • Get the 1st aid kit and put on gloves.
  • Wash the bite or sting area with lots of running water and soap.
  • Then put a bag of ice and water wrapped in a towel on the bite or sting.
  • See a healthcare provider asap.
  • If the person stops breathing or becomes unresponsive, phone 911 and stay CPR.
62
Q

ACTIONS TO TAKE: TICK BITES

A
  • Remove tick from person’s skin. Use tweezers to grab the tick by its mouth or head as close to the skin as possible.
  • Try to avoid pinching the tick.
  • Lift the tick straight out.
  • If you lift the tick until the pertains skin tents, wait for several seconds; the tick may let go.
  • Avoid home remedies (heat or cosmetic products). The tick could burrow deeper and increase the chances of disease. Using tweezers right away is safest and fastest.
  • Wash bite area with running water and soap.
  • If you are in an area where you know there is tick borne illness, suggest that the person see a healthcare provider asap.
    -Place the tick in a plastic bag to take with them.

Health Aide (16 decks)

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