Findings & Presentations

Question 1

what is ageusia

Answer 1

taste loss

Question 2

what is hypoguesia

Answer 2

decreased taste function

Question 3

what is dysgeusia

Answer 3

distorted taste function

Question 4

what is anosmia

Answer 4

smell inability

Question 5

what is hyposmia

Answer 5

decreased smell ability

Question 6

what is dysosmia

Answer 6

distorted smell ability

Question 7

what is nystagmus

Answer 7

vestibulo-ocular reflex

Question 8

what is mild hearing loss

Answer 8

20-40dB

Question 9

what is moderate hearing loss

Answer 9

40-60dB

Question 10

what is severe hearing loss

Answer 10

60-90dB

Question 11

what is profound hearing loss

Answer 11

90+dB

Question 12

what is the cause of bi-directional dystagmus

Answer 12

brainstem problem

Question 13

what are causes of ageusia

Answer 13

nerve damage (glossitis, radiation, tobacco), endocrine disorder

Question 14

what are the causes of hypogeusia

Answer 14

chemotherapy, medications

Question 15

what are the causes of dysgeusia

Answer 15

glossitis, gum infection, tooth decay, GORD, URTI, drug, neoplasm, chemotherapy, Zn deficiency

Question 16

what is oscillopsia

Answer 16

no vestibular input

Question 17

what is the D principle

Answer 17

deaf, discomfort, discharge, dizzy, din din (tinnitus), defective movement of face

Question 18

what nerves could be involved in earache

Answer 18

CNV, VII, IX, X, C2/C3 spinal nerves

Question 19

what is otorrhoea

Answer 19

discharge

Question 20

what are potential causes of otorrhoea

Answer 20

acute/chronic otitis media, CSF leak

Question 21

difference between dizziness and vertigo

Answer 21

vertigo is specific movement sensation

Question 22

what is the first line test of hearing loss

Answer 22

pure tone audiometry

Question 23

what is a positive result of PTA

Answer 23

greater than 50% perceived

Question 24

how to tell apart right and left ear on a audiogram

Answer 24

right red

left blue

Question 25

what does 'O' represent on an audiogram

Answer 25

air conduction right

Question 26

what does 'X' represent on an audiogram

Answer 26

air conduction left

Question 27

what does the triangle represent on an audiogram

Answer 27

bone conduction

Question 28

what is the 1st line test for dysphagia

Answer 28

endoscopy

Question 29

what is the 2nd line test for dysphagia after endoscopy

Answer 29

depends on clinical picture; CT/MRI if suspect malignancy, Ba swallow if suspect GI problem (e.g. stricture, pouch)

Question 30

what is the 1st line test for a neck lump

Answer 30

US

Question 31

what does a benign lymph node look like on ultrasound

Answer 31

oval, central fatty hilum, organised vessels

Question 32

what does a malignant lymph node look like on ultrasound

Answer 32

round

Question 33

what is the 1st line test for foreign body injestion

Answer 33

XR (if radio-opaque)

Question 34

what scan do you do for staging neck/chest cancer

Answer 34

CT

Question 35

what scan do you do of an abscess prior to drainage

Answer 35

CT

Question 36

is a CT or MRI better for visualising the larynx

Answer 36

CT

Question 37

is a CT or MRI better for visualising the skull base

Answer 37

MRI