Ear & Nose Anatomy Flashcards
what is the tip of the nose called
apex
what is the upper lip to nose area called
philtrum
what is the ala of the nose
the wings
what part of the ethmoid bone makes up the nasal septum
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
what parts of the ethmoid bone form the roof of the nasal cavity
cribiform plate and crista galli
what parts of the ethmoid bone form the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
superior and middle conchae, ethmoidal air cells
what bones contribute to the septum of the nasal cavity
perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer
which types of le fort fractures can disrupt the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
2 and 3
what is the risk of disrupting the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone in a le fort fracture
infection can spread from nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses to anterior cranial fossa
what are the names of the conchae
superior, middle, inferior
what bone is the superior concha a part of
ethmoid
what bone is the middle concha a part of
ethmoid
what bone is the inferior concha a part of
its own bone!
what type of cartilage is in the nasal septum
hyaline
what type of epithelium lines the vestibule of the nose
keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
what type of epithelium lines the majority of the nasal cavities
respiratory epithelium
what type of epithelium lines the superior aspect of the nasal cavity and is responsible for smell
olfactory mucosa
what type of nerve is CNI
special sensory
where does CNI pass through the base of the skull
cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
where are receptor cells located for smelling
in olfactory mucosa
where does the olfactory tract end
temporal lobe
what nerve is responsible for sensation of the nasal cavity
CNV1 anterosuperiorly
CNV2 posteroinferiorly
what branch of the inner carotid artery supplies the nose
ophthalmic
what branches of the external carotid artery supply the nose
facial and maxillary
what branches of the ophthalmic artery supply the nasal cavities
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
what branches of the maxillary artery supply the nasal cavities
sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries
what branches of the facial artery supply the nasal cavities
lateral nasal branch or septal branch of superior labial artery
what is Kiesselbach’s (Little’s) area
arterial anastomosis on nasal septum
what is the clinical significance of kiesselbach’s area
common site of epistaxis
what are the meatuses
spaces under each concha
name the meatuses
sphenoethmoidal recess, superior meatus, middle meatus, inferior meatus
what is the sensory supply to the inferior nasal concha
CN V2
where does the eustachian tube open onto the pharynx
lateral wall of nasopharynx
how to confirm placement of a NG tube
x-ray; tip of NG below diaphragm & 10cm beyond GOJ
what is the name of the small hairs in the nasal cavities
vibrissae
what are the paranasal sinuses
air-filled spaces within bones
what lines the paranasal sinuses
mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa
what are the names of the paranasal sinuses
x2 frontal sinuses
x2 maxillary sinuses
x2 sets ethmoidal air cells
x2 sphenoidal sinuses
where does the frontal sinus drain to
middle meatus
where do ethmoidal air cells drain to
superior and middle meatuses
where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into
sphenoethmoidal recess
where does the maxillary sinus drain into
middle meatus
what is sinusitis
paranasal sinus mucosa inflam
what is the sensory innervation of the sinuses
CN V1 and V2
where might pain be referred to in sinusitis
teeth
which sinus is most predisposed to inflammation and why
maxillary sinus since mucous has to drain against gravity
what is the thinnest part of skull
pterion
what bones contribute to the pterion
frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid
what shape is the pterion
letter H
what are the two parts of the temporal bone and which is more superior/inferior
superior squamous part, inferior petrous part
what processes are part of the petrous part of the temporal bone
zygomatic, styloid, mastoid
what are the names of the cranial fossas
anterior, middle, posterior
how is the base of the skull divided
into cranial fossae
what bones contribute to the anterior cranial fossa
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
what bones contribute to the middle cranial fossa
sphenoid, temporal
what bones contribute to the posterior cranial fossa
temporal, occipital
how does CNI pass through the base of the skull
cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
how does CNII pass through the base of the skull
optic canal of sphenoid
how does CNIII pass through the base of the skull
superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
how does CNIV pass through the base of the skull
superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
how does CNV1 pass through the base of the skull
superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
how does CNV2 pass through the base of the skull
foramen rotundum
how does CNV3 pass through the base of the skull
foramen ovale
how does CNVI pass through the base of the skull
superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
how does CNVII pass through the base of the skull
internal acoustic meatus
how does CNVIII pass through the base of the skull
internal acoustic meatus
how does CNIX pass through the base of the skull
jugular foramen
how does CNX pass through the base of the skull
jugular foramen
how does CNXI pass through the base of the skull
jugular foramen
how does CNXII pass through the base of the skull
hypoglossal canal
what parts is the ear split into
external, middle, internal
where is the external ear
auricle to tympanic membrane
where is the middle ear
tympanic membrane to oval window/ eustachian tube
where is the internal ear
oval window to internal acoustic meatus
what is the function of the external ear
collects and conveys sound waves to tympanic membrane
what is the function of the middle ear
amplifies & conducts sound waves to the internal ear
what is the function of the internal ear
converts special sensory information, conducts APs to brain
what is the sensory supply to the ear lobe
C2,3 spinal nerve
what is the sensory supply to the ear helix
CN VII
what is the sensory supply to the superior external acoustic meatus
CN V3
what is the sensory supply to the inferior external acoustic meatus
CN X
what is the sensory supply to most of the external acoustic meatus
CN V3
what is the lymphatic drainage to the lateral surface of superior half of the auricle
parotid lymph nodes
what is the lymphatic drainage to the cranial surface of superior half of the auricle
mastoid lymph nodes
what is the lymphatic drainage from the inferior half of the auricle
superficial cervical lymph nodes
where do all of the lymph nodes for the ear eventually drain to
deep cervical lymph nodes in carotid sheath
where do deep cervical lymph nodes drain to
thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
what kind of cartilage forms the external ear
avascular elastic cartilage
which glands produce earwax
ceruminous glands
what is examined in otoscopic exam
EAM and tympanic membrane
what is the most inwardly depressed part of tympanic membrane
umbo
what is the thick part of the tympanic membrane posteroinferiorly
pars tensa
what is the thin part of the tympanic membrane superiorly
pars flaccida
what is the difference in the EAM between an adult and a child
short and straight in a child, curved in an adult
sensory innervation to middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, tonsils and nasopharynx
CN IX glossopharyngeal
sensory innervation to tympanic membrane external surface
CN V3 auriculotemporal branch
sensory innervation to tympanic membrane internal surface
CN IX
name the structure that connects the tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx
eustachian tube
what are the auditory ossicles
3 bones of the middle ear
what are the names of the ossicles
incus “anvil”
stapes “stirrup”
malleus “mallet”
where is the tympanic cavity in relation to the tympanic membrane
posterior
where is the epitympanic recess in relation to the tympanic membrane
superior
what structure connects the middle and internal ear
oval window
nasopharynx, oropharynx
sensory innervation
CN IX
laryngopharynx sensory innervation
CN X
what is the adenoid
pharyngeal tonsil
where is the adenoid
upper aspect of nasopharynx
what tonsil is commonly referred to as the tonsil
palatine tonsil
what is the name of the structure described as the doorway into the mastoid antrum
aditus
where is the aditus
superior aspect on epitympanic recess
what two structures does the aditus connect
mastoid antrum and epitympanic recess
what nerve travels over the superior aspect of the internal tympanic membrane
chorda tympanii
what structure does the facial nerve travel through on the posterior wall of the middle ear cavity
facial canal
what structure describes the bony swelling on the medial wall of the middle ear cavity
promontory
what structures does the facial canal lie between
internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen
where is the stylomastoid foramen in relation to the floor of the middle ear cavity
inferior
how many axon modalities does the facial nerve have
4
what are the axon modalities of the facial nerve
special sensory, sensory, motor and parasympathetic
where does the facial nerve attach to the CNS
pons and medulla junction
which cranial fossa is the internal acoustic meatus in
posterior cranial fossa
what structures does the facial nerve pass through when leaving the base of the skull
internal acoustic meatus to stylomastoid foramen
which bone is the internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen a part of
petrous temporal bone
what does the chorda tympani supply
taste to anterior 2/3 tongue and parasympathetic to submandibular/sublingual salivary glands
what nerves form the chorda tympani
CNVII and lingual nerve branch of CNV3
which ossicle has reduced movement to protect the inner ear from excessive noise
stapes
what reduces the movement of the stapes and what innervates it
stapedius muscle innervated by CNVII
what nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression
CNVII
where do the muscles of facial expression originate
bone
where do the muscles of facial expression insert
superficial fascia
what muscle of facial expression is on the forehead and what direction are its fibres
frontalis, vertical
what muscle of facial expression tightly closes the eyes
orbicularis oculi
what muscles of facial expression are responsible for smiling
elevators of lips
what muscles of facial expression are responsible for puffing out the cheeks
orbicularis oris
what are the muscles of facial expression
frontalis, orbicularis oculi, elevators of lips, orbicularis oris
what structure in the cheeks when lost is a sign of malnutrition
buccal fat pad
what is the term for the junction of the lips and skin
vermilion border
what are the names of the two parts of CNVIII
cochlear nerve and vestibular nerve
which part of CNVIII is responsible for hearing
cochlear nerve
which part of CNVIII is responsible for balance
vestibular nerve
what part of the skull is the internal ear in
petrous part of temporal bone
what is the otic capsule
dense body labyrinth of the inner ear
which part of the skull is the otic capsule in
temporal bone
what fluid is contained within the otic capsule
perilymph
what is suspended within perilymph
membranous labyrinth, sacs/ducts, endolymph
what are the names of the 3 canals in the labyrinth
anterior semicircular canal, lateral semicurcular canal, posterior semicircular canal
what are the names of the windows of the labyrinth and where do the sit in relation to one another
oval window superior to round window
what structure forms the medial part of the labyrinth
cochlea
what are the parts of the cochlea
cupula apex, inner 2nd turn, outer 1st turn
where is the cochlear duct
within the cochlea
what fills the cochlear duct
endolymph
what fills the semicircular ducts
endolymph
where are the semicurcular ducts
semicircular canals
where are the vestibular nerve action potentials
within semicircular ducts
where are the cochlear nerve action potentials
within cochlear duct
what part of the stirrups sits in the oval window
base of stirrups
what structure dampens pressure waves in ear
round window
where does CNVIII connect to the CNS
pons and medulla junction
where does CNVIII leave the base of the skull
internal acoustic meatus
where is a le fort fracture type 1
horizontal maxillary fracture
where is a le fort fracture type 2
through maxilla, upper middle part through nasofrontal suture
where is a le fort fracture type 3
separates cranium and face; through nasofrontal suture, through orbital wall, through zygoma
