FINALS rebyuwer Flashcards
1
Q
Includes cultural mannerisms, religion, politics, laws, and social aspirations of a group of people
A
ETHOS
2
Q
- able to distinguish between good and evil, right or wrong, moral or immoral.
- obligation to do what is good
and to avoid what is evil. - his actions, expecting reward or
punishments for them.
A
ETHOS OF MAN AS MAN
3
Q
- science of the morality of human acts
- study of human motivation
A
ETHICS
4
Q
Concerns the morality of human acts
A
Motives
5
Q
Deals with deliberate and
free human activity and how one should act.
A
Human Conduct
6
Q
- knowingly and freely
- deliberate or intentional actions or
voluntary actions - “acts of man”
which are instinctive and involuntary
A
HUMAN ACTS
7
Q
when they agree with the dictates of reason.
A
Good
8
Q
when they do not agree with the dictates of divine and human reason
A
Evil
9
Q
quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good, bad, or indifferent.
A
MORALITY
10
Q
Human acts reveal the thoughts and inclinations of a person doing them.
A
NORM OF MORALITY
11
Q
A person who has the habit or inclination to do
good is said to be
A
virtuous
12
Q
one who has the habit of doing wrong is
A
vicious
13
Q
WHAT IS HUMAN REASON?
A
acts in a word of conscience
14
Q
The Eternal Law
A
Divine Reason
15
Q
The Conscience
A
Human Reason
16
Q
then doing of an act which is contrary to good
conscience
A
Immorality
17
Q
everything which is done contrary to justice, or
good morals.
A
MORAL TURPITUDE
18
Q
“the conduct, which is willful, flagrant (blatant,
unashamed or shameless)
A
IMMORAL CONDUCT
19
Q
what a person really is, and not what he
or other people think he is.
- not a subjective term, but one which
corresponds to objective reality
A
Moral character
20
Q
- If there are no sets of governing rules to limit the parameter and tame the exercise of the profession.
What do you think
will happen?
A
- Anarchic (lawless, chaotic, disordered
- Riotous (violent)
- Lawbreaking
- Defiant or disobedient (insolent)
- Aggressive (hostile or antagonistic)
21
Q
1992 Code of Ethics of Medical Technologist under the Presidency of
A
Mrs. Marilyn Atienza
22
Q
Revised Medical Technology Code of Ethics of March 07, 1997, under the presidency of
A
Norma N. Chang
23
Q
branch of moral science that treats the duties a
medical technologist owes to his patient, his colleagues in the profession and in the public
A
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ETHICS
24
Q
“healing” but also “holiness and
wholeness.”
- denotes completeness
A
HEALTH
25
Defined in terms of standard physiological parameters.
HEALTH IN MEDICINE
26
Health is better as
- At the biological and physiological levels, social and spiritual needs
optional functioning.
27
State of complete physical, mental, and social
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Health
28
Illness, Sickness, Complaint
Subjective terms
29
Disease, Malady, ailment disorder
Objective terms
30
diseases as separate entities
- devils, contagious, morbid matters, bacteria, genetic diseases, neuroses, psychoses
ONTOLOGICAL
31
- breakdown of the internal harmony
- hyperfunctioning or hypofunctioning of an organ.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
32
Branch of ethics which deals directly with the problems of life and dying, of health and healing.
BIOETHICS
33
Division of Ethics that relates to human life as the Ethics of the life science and health care, both delivery and research.
- more limited as it continues itself
to the moral behavior in relation to health.
HEALTH ETHICS
34
- division of Ethics that relates to professional behavior
- practice of a profession cannot be regulated entirely by legislation.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
35
- the law is silent or inadequate.
CODE OF ETHICS
36
Indispensable knowledge.
Ethics
37
True measure of what man ought to be
MORAL INTEGRITY
38
“Forgetting that man’s greatness, perfection, and happiness, his whole meaning in fact, consist in transcending the commonly accepted human good.”
Jacques Leclercq
39
- Foundation of every human society
- standard of behavior.
MORALITY
40
As a Human Person, he must be respected regardlessof:
o Nature of Health
o Problem
o Social Status
o Competence
o Post Actions
41
The human being is not definable merely as a Static Entity. But rather a
Dynamic System of Needs
42
Actions man performs knowingly, freely, and
voluntarily or acts which proceed from the
deliberate free will of man
- Man knows what he is doing and
freely chooses to do what he does
HUMAN ACTS
43
o Actions which happen in man.
o They are Instinctive.
▪ Not within the control of the will.
ACTS OF MAN
44
What it is about and what it means.
Must be performed by a Conscious Agent
KNOWLEDGE
45
To do or to leave it undone without coercion or
constraint.
- Implies Voluntariness.
FREEDOM
46
- Must be performed by an agent Who Decides Willfully to Perform the Act.
WILLINGFULLNESS
47
Proximate Norm of Morality
Determine what ought to be done in a given
situation
“Trial of Oneself”
CONSCIENCE
48
A reproving conscience is called a
“Guilty Conscience.”
49
Judges what is good as good and what is evil
as evil
i. Tells that getting the property of
another without consent is stealing.
ii. Judges that we ought to pay our
debts
CORRECT OR TRUE CONSCIENCE
50
Judges incorrectly that what is good as evil
and what is evil is good
. It is an erroneous conscience which
tells the husband to have a mistress.
ERRONEOUS OR FALSE CONSCIENCE
51
KINDS OF ERRONEOUS CONSCIENCE
INCULPABLE CONSCIENCE and CULPABLE CONSCIENCE
52
1. Error is not willfully
intended.
2. Ex: A person who is
unaware of it, pays for the
grocery with bogus money.
a. Ignorance of the
Fact.
INCULPABLE CONSCIENCE
53
1. Error is due to neglect, or
malice.
2. Ex: A person who believes
that cheating is good since it
helps us pass the exam and
everybody does it anyway
CULPABLE CONSCIENCE
54
→ Voluntary Error
a. Voluntary at the
part of the person
Culpable
55
→ Involuntary
Error
a. Honest Mistake
Inculpable
56
Subjective assurance of lawfulness or
unlawfulness of a certain act.
i. Implies that the person is sure of his
decision.
ii. Ex: It is possible for a policeman to
be sure that killing the suspect is the
best alternative under the principle of
self-defense, whereas such killing is
in fact unnecessary
CERTAIN CONSCIENCE
57
a. Vacillating Conscience.
b. Unable to form a definite on a certain action.
c. Must first be allowed to settle its doubts before an action is performed.
DOUBTFUL CONSCIENCE
58
a. Rigorous Conscience
b. Extremely afraid of committing evil.
SCRUPULOUS CONSCIENCE
59
a. Refuses to be bothered about the distinction
of good and evil.
b. Justify the impulse of “bahala na.”
i. On matters of morals are acting with
a lax conscience.
LAX CONSCIENCE
60
Used for any prestigious occupation.
o Has an aura of an ideal
* Symbol rather than a reality
PROFESSION
61
explains the profession in terms of
social value
Robert Merton
62
Robert Merton explains the profession in terms of social value
- Knowing
- Doing
- Helping
63
Value placed upon systematic knowledge and intellect.
Knowing
64
The value placed upon technical skills and trained capacity
Doing
65
Helping placed upon putting his
conjoint knowledge and skill to word
in the service of others.
Value
66
use a scale to define professionals based on 6 operational attributes.
Moore & Rosenblum
67
* Obligation to provide healthcare
- Limitations to healthcare provision
HEALTHCARE PROVISION
68
o He admits that he is sick.
o He can no longer take care of himself and so
he asks for help or aid
sick individual becomes a patient
69
o Must be a Patient Advocate.
- committed to healthcare
- Keep the patient’s best interest as his
first priority.
HEALTHCARE PROVIDER
70
▪ Contribute Knowledge.
▪ Conduct himself in an ethical
professional way.
▪ Be worthy of being a role model to
his younger colleagues.
▪ Must maintain and upgrade the
standards of his profession.
As an Authority:
71
▪ Stand for Justice for the poor.
▪ Make healthcare available at a
reasonable cost.
▪ Avoid the temptation to exploit or
take advantage of the patient.
▪ Always care about human values
Manifest a Social Conscience
72
interaction between two parties in which the law recognized a private, protected
relationship.
Privileged Communication
73
Code of Ethics is promulgated to provide the medical technologist with proper ethical and professional standards
PREAMBLE
74
1.Faithfulness
2.Conscientiousness
3.Politeness
4.Courtesy
5.Caring
VIRTUES
75
violation of any section of the Code of Ethics
shall constitute unethical and unprofessional conduct, and shall therefore be a sufficient ground to reprimand, suspend, or revoke the Certificate of Registration
ARTICLE VI: PENAL PROVISIONS
76
in consultation with the Accredited Professional
Organization (APO) and other stakeholders.
ARTICLE VII: AMENDMENTS
77
Code of Ethics shall take effect after fifteen (15) days Following its publication in the Official Gazette or in any newspaper of general circulation
ARTICLE VIII: EFFECTIVITY
78
Loyal, firm in adherence to promises or in observance of duty: conscientious
* Faithfulness comes from a place of truth and loyalty
FAITHFULNESS
79
* Holding onto a belief system
* Staying on the path of goodness
* Patience
STEADFASTNESS
80
personality trait of being careful, or diligent.
- desire to do a task well, and to
take obligations to others seriously.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
81
application of good manners or etiquette so
as not to offend others.
POLITENESS
82
Showing a politeness in one's attitude and behavior toward others
COURTESY
83
deon - duty
primarily concerned with
adherence to certain rules or duties.
CONSEQUENCES DO NOT MATTER
- intention is relevant
DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS
84
way a person conducts himself/herself in
the workplace.
PROFESSIONALISM
85
* Reliability, Humility, Etiquette, Neatness, Consideration, Dedication, Organization, Accountability, Integrity, and
Expertise
10 QUALITIES OF PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE
86
able to be trusted to do what is expected
- means that results
are consistent.
RELIABILITY
87
Results are consistent.
Validity
88
outcomes are consistent
RELIABILITY
89
measure exactly what you want them
to measure
VALIDITY
90
belief that all people hold a special value that’s tied solely to their humanity
UPHOLDING HUMAN DIGNITY
91
process of groups of organisms working or acting together for common
ARTICLE IV: SECTION 1 TO 3
COOPERATION
92
must uphold public trust
and confidence
GOOD PRACTICE
93
It is the state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect
- * A sense of pride in oneself; self-respect
DIGNITY
94
- A feeling of deep admiration for someone or something elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements.
RESPECT
95
description of random errors, a
measure of statistical variability.
precision
96
“I shall commit myself to continuously improve my professional skills and knowledge”
CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
97
The ability to notice and predict opportunities, problems, and
solutions
OBSERVATION
98
The gathering, understanding, and interpreting of data and
other information
ANALYSIS
99
Drawing conclusions based on relevant data information and
personal knowledge and experience
INFERENCE
100
The process of gathering, analysis, and communicating
information to identify and troubleshoot solutions.
PROBLEM SOLVING
101
it is about creating learning processes
Peter Senge
102
exchange of skills, information, and expertise among a network or a group of people.
KNOWLEDGE SHARING
103
national organization of all registered medical
technologists in the Philippines
PAMET
104
(Recognized as the
father of PAMET)
Mr. Crisanto Almario
105
FIRST PAMET PRESIDENT DURING ITS FIRST NATIONAL CONVENTION HELD AT THE FEU SEPT 20, 1964
Mr. Charlemagne Tamondong
106
FIRST PAMET ELECTION
1964
107
Act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood
FAIRNESS
107
Act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood
FAIRNESS
108
- Intends to help recipient improve
- Delivers considerately with a positive attitude
- Focuses on a situation, behavior or issue
- offers specific, actionable objective feedback
CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM
109
- Intends to insult or embarrass the recipient
- Delivers inconsiderately with a negative attitude
- Focuses on the individual or their personal attributes
- Offers vague, nonactionable subjective feedback
DESTRUCTIVE CRITICISM
110
morality that advocates actions that foster
happiness or pleasure
“Be dedicated to the use of Clinical Laboratory science to promote life and benefit mankind.”
UTILITARIANISM
111
ethical principle of promoting good
- all choices for a patient are made
with the intent to do good.
BENIFICENCE
112
avoid causing harm.
nonmaleficence
113
Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do
Potter Stewart
114
Ethics is a code of values which guide our choices and actions and determine the purpose and course of our lives
Ayn Rand
115
philosophical discipline that deals with the study of the morality of human conduct
- concerned with the ethical implications of
medical practice e
BIOETHICS
116
a steward has the
obligation to take good care and improve a thing or asset entrusted to him/her
STEWARDSHIP PRINCIPLE
117
Means that the parts of the physical entity
- CLASSIC CRITERION in dealing with
concerns about mutilation, organ donation, and transplantation while preserving the sanctity
TOTALITY PRINCIPLE
118
- patients have a serious need that can only be
satisfied by organ donation
- f donation reduces “anatomical integrity, it should not diminish the functional integrity
- donation as “an act of charity [to be]
proportionate to the good resulting of the recipient.
- “free and informed consent” by the donor
SUMMARY OF MORAL TEACHINGS
119
it is permissible to cause harm as
a side effect (or double effect) of bringing about a good result
DOUBLE EFFECT PRINCIPLE
120
differentiates the action
of the wrongdoer from the action of the cooperator.
PRINCIPLE OF COOPERATION
121
does not intend the object
wrongdoer’s activity but
actively participating in the
deed by which the evil is
performed
MATERNAL COOPERATION
121
willing participation on the part of
the cooperative agent in the sinful act of the principal agent
FORMAL COOPERATION
122
self-rule or selfdetermination.
autonomy
123
Requires that healthcare professional should do NO HARM.
PRINCIPLE OF NON-MALEFICENCE
123
Requires that healthcare professional should do NO HARM.
PRINCIPLE OF NON-MALEFICENCE
124
healthcare professionals SHOULD ACT
FAIRLY when the interests of different individuals or groups are in competition.
PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE
125
balancing the competing interest of individual and groups against one
another
COMPARATIVE JUSTICE
126
Fair distribution of healthcare services to all
* It is implemented by observing the first come, first serve policy in providing clinical laboratory services without distinction of their inherent interest
DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
127
that requires the application of ethical
principles for its resolution
ethical dispute
128
demands for respect and protection of
life.
PRO-LIFE
129
– attempts to calibrate the extent of
respect and protection due to life.
PRO-CHOICE
130
require the application of bioethical
principles to a certain ethical injury
Bioethical issues
131
Primarily concerned with the interpretation or application of the law
Legal issues
132
a. Abortion
b. Euthanasia and assisted suicide
DESTRUCTION OF LIFE
133
a. Withholding life support
b. Organ Transplantation
SUSTAINING LIFE
134
- termination of pregnancy before the
viability of the fetus
- willful killing of the fetus in the
uterus or violent removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus from maternal
Abortion
135
oNatural causes
oOvert acts
oPerformed for personal reasons (Elective abortion)
Ethical conflict ensues that when a person
arrogates for autonomy in resulting to
abortion. However, elective abortion
practiced by a pregnant women or even her
parents, even if she consented is a forbidden
act in our country.
oTherapeutic abortion
One of the main focus of ethical concerns.
In therapeutic abortion, physicians are
confronted where there is an avoidable result
of a medical intervention.
Abortion may due to:
136
One of the main focus of ethical concerns
- physicians are confronted where there is an avoidable result of a medical intervention.
Therapeutic abortion
137
practice of painlessly putting death a person
SUFFERING FROM AN INCURABLE DISEASE
mercy killing
138
- speed up the process of dying.
- introduces a chemical agent that results
to an ultimate death of a dying patient.
- It may be committed with or without the consent of the dying patient.
ALL PROHIBITED IN THE COUNTRY (ETHICAL AND LEGAL STANDPOINT).
ACTIVE EUTHANASIA
139
no heretic measure taken to preserve life.
- They have the right to refuse.
- Without any waiver, a healthcare
practitioner may be liable for medical negligence.
PASSIVE EUTHANASIA
140
- Refers to the decision of the
patient or his/her representative to refrain from giving permission for
treatment or care
WITHHOLDING
TREATMENT
141
Refers to the decision of the
patient or his/her
representative to discontinue
activities or remove forms
of patient care
WITHDRAWING
TREATMENT
142
Form of surgery wherein one body part is
transferred from one site to another or from one individual to another.
Organ Transplantation
143
tissue transplanted from one part of the body in the same
individual
AUTOGRAPH OR AUTOTRANSPLAN
144
– transplant of an organ or tissue from one individual to another
ALLOGRAPH OR HOMOGRAPH
145
refers to a surgical graph (surgery) of tissue from animals (non-human being) to humans.
XENOGRAPH OR HETEROGRAPHY
