FINALS GZOO: SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
5 Functions of the
Skeletal System
Movement
Support
Protection
Makes Blood
Storage
________- provides points of attachment for muscles.
________- The backbone is the main support center for the upper
body.
________- skull protect your brain, ribs protect lungs and heart
________- Red and white blood cells are made by tissue in marrow
________- store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus.
Movement
Support
Protection
Makes Blood
Storage
Two Major Skeletal
System Parts
Axial Skeleton - skull, spine, ribs and sternum.
Appendicular Skeleton - appendages of the body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs.
Four basic bone
shapes
- Long- arms, legs and fingers
- Short- wrist and ankles
- Flat- skull and sternum
- Irregular- spine
Structure of Bone
(Typical Four Layers)
- Periosteum
- Compact Bone hard & dense, not solid)
- Spongy Bone (light weight)
- Bone Marrow (Soft connective tissue)
Covers Bones
Periosteum
- Lies inside the compact bone
- small spaces but strong, found at the ends of bones.
Spongy Bone (light weight):
____________ - hard & dense, not solid)- Lies beneath the
periosteum
- filled with holes and small canals for blood vessels and nerves
Compact Bone
stores fat for energy reserve
Yellow Marrow -
Fills the gaps between
the spongy bone
Bone Marrow (Soft connective tissue):
produces most of the body’s blood cells. RBC,
WBC
Red Marrow
Development of
Bones
- Cartilage – mostly in infants
- strong flexible tissue.
- Over time it is replaced by solid bone in growth development
- Not all cartilage is replaced in adults
- Coastal Cartilage - hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward
- Extension lang sa ribs
- both strong and light weight
- 20 % of an adult’s body weight is bone.
- Bone is made up of 2 minerals: Calcium, Phosphorus
How Strong are Bones
- holds the shoulder joint away from the rest of the upper body
- thick as your little finger
Clavicle or Collarbone
- on the back side of the ribcage
- helps provide part of the shoulder joint
- movement for the arms.
Scapula
Vertebral Column or
Spinal Cord
- The cervical region (neck bones)
- The thoracic region (what the ribs attach to)
- The lumbar region (the lower part of the back)
- Coccyx and Sacrum
Upper extremities
- Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)
- Radius (radiale) – on top
- Ulna (Ulnale) - on Bottom
- Carpals or (Wrist Bones)
- Metacarpals (Top of Hands)
- Phalanges (Little Fingers)
- Rib Cage
- Sternum (Breastbone) – where coastal cartilage extends
- Pelvis (Balakang) – where coccyx and sacrum are located in the
middle
- Largest Bone in the Body
Femur (Lower extremities)
__________- pair of bone in lower extremities
- Susceptible to injuries
* Tarsals
* Metatarsals
* Phalanges
- Tibia and Fibula
- place where two bones come together
- allow bones to move in different ways
- Two types of joints:
- Immovable
- Movable
o Fish oil – good cholesterol, good for joints
Joints
- joint that allows little or no movement
- example is the backbone
Immovable Joints
- Most of the joint
- Allow the body to move in a wide range of movements
Movable Joints
__________ - Bones in movable joints are held together by strong
connective tissue
- Flat, shiny and strong
Ligaments
- Four types of movable joints:
- Hinge
- Ball-and-socket
- Pivot
- Gliding
- Round end of bone fitting snuggly within another bone
- Allows the greatest range of motion
- allows to swing your arm freely in a circle.
- Ex. Shoulder and Hip
Ball-and-Socket Joint
- Movement in one direction like a door
- Allows forward or backward motion
- Ex. Knee and Elbow
Hinge Joint
- Bone resting atop another bone permitting free movement
- Allows one bone to rotate around another
- Allows you to turn your head
- Ex. Neck, Wrist and Ankles
Pivot Joint
- Allows one bone to slide over another
- Allows you to bend and flex and make limited side to side
motions - Ex. Knuckles, wrist, ankle
Gliding Joint
- Connects bone to bone
ligament
- Attaches muscles to bones
tendon
