FINALS GZOO: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

• Located near the center of your chest
• Hollow structure
• About the size of your clenched fist
• Enclosed in a protective sac called the pericardium
• heart contracts about 72 times per minute
• Pumps about 70mL of blood with each contraction
  o The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a septum,
  or wall.
• prevents the mixing of oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood

Answer 1

Heart

Question 2

_________________ - In the walls of the heart, two layers of tissue form a sandwich around a thick layer of muscle
- Contractions of the myocardium pump blood through the
circulatory system.

Answer 2

Myocardium

Question 3

Chambers of Heart

Answer 3

• On each side of the septum are two chambers.
• The upper chamber (receives blood) is the atrium.
• The lower chamber (pumps blood out of heart) is the ventricle.
• The heart has a total of 4 chambers:
• 2 atriums
• 2 ventricles

Question 4

• Flaps of connective tissue
• located between the atria and ventricles.
• Blood moving keeps the valves open.
• ventricles contract, the valves close which prevent blood from
  flowing back into the atria
• stop blood from re-entering the ventricles
• keeps blood moving in one direction

Answer 4

Valves

Question 5

• Each contraction begins with a group of cardiac muscle cells in
  the right atrium known as the sinoatrial node (SA node also the
  pace maker)
• impulse spreads from the pacemaker to the rest of the atria
• From the atria, a signal is sent to the atrioventricular node (AV
  node) and then to a bundle of fibers (Purkinje fibers) in the
  ventricle
• atrioventricular node (AV node) located above the opening of
  coronary sinus
• Purkinje Fibers lying in ventricular wall

Answer 5

Heart Beat

Question 6

• Large vessels
• Carry blood from heart to tissues of body
• Carry oxygen rich blood, with the exception of pulmonary
  arteries.
• Thick walls-need to withstand pressure produced when heart
  pushes blood into them.

Answer 6

Arteries (Away sa
heart)

Question 7

• Smallest blood vessels
• Walls are only one cell thick and very narrow.
• Important for bringing nutrients and oxygen to tissues and
  absorbing CO2 and other waste products

Answer 7

Capillaries

Question 8

• 3 types of blood vessels

Answer 8

• Arteries
• Capillaries
• Veins

Question 9

• Once blood has passed through the capillary systems it must be
  returned to the heart.
• Largest veins contain one-way valves that keep blood flowing
  toward heart.

Answer 9

Veins (papuntang
heart)

Question 10

Other term Auricle
___________– 3 – 5x stronger, pulmonary circulation, only in the lungs itself
___________- 7-8x stronger, systematic circulation
(oxygenated), supplies blood to designated part of the body

Answer 10

Ventricle

• Right Ventricle
• Left ventricle

Question 11

• Precaval vein
• attached to right atrium

Answer 11

Anterior or Superior
vena cava

Question 14

• Postcaval vein
• Attached to right atrium

Answer 14

Posterior or Inferior
vena cava

Question 18

• force of blood on the wall of the arteries
• heart produces pressure
• pressure decreases = heart relaxes
• under pressure = rest of the circulatory system

Answer 18

Blood Pressure

Question 19

• the first number taken, is the force felt in the
  arteries when the ventricles contract.

Answer 19

Systolic pressure-

Question 20

• the second number taken, is the force of the
  blood on the arteries when the ventricles relax

Answer 20

Diastolic pressure

Question 21

• Fatty deposits (plaque) in walls of arteries
• Deposits can obstruct flow of blood which can raise blood
  pressure

Answer 21

Atherosclerosis

Question 22

• Due to atherosclerosis, coronary arteries may become blocked
  (blood can’t get to heart muscle)
• Heart muscle begins to die due to lack of O2

Answer 22

Heart Attack

Question 23

• Blood clot may break free and block a vessel leading to the
  brain.
• Brain cells are starved of oxygen and nutrients
• Loss of function may occur
• Can cause paralysis, loss of ability to speak or death.

Answer 23

Stroke

Question 24

• plasma and blood cells

Answer 24

Blood

Question 25

• Types of Cells are:

Answer 25

• Red Blood Cells
• White Blood Cells
• Platelets

Question 26

• Straw colored
• 90% water
• 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones,
  wastes, and proteins.

Answer 26

Plasma

Question 27

• Most numerous type
• Transport oxygen
• Get color from hemoglobin
• Disk shaped
• Made in red bone marrow
• Circulate for 120 days

Answer 27

Red Blood Cells

Question 28

• Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria
• Number of WBC’s increases when body is fighting
• Lymphocytes produce antibodies which fight pathogens and
  remember them

Answer 28

White Blood Cells

Question 29

• Aid the body in clotting
• Small fragments
• Stick to edges of broken blood cell and secrete clotting factor to
  help form clot.

Answer 29

Platelets

Question 30

• Genetic disorder that disrupts clotting
• Treatment: injecting extracts that contain the missing clotting
  factor.

Answer 30

Hemophelia

Question 31

Blood Flow processes

Answer 31

• Blood comes into the right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → semilunar valves open → the pulmonary arteries (unoxygenated blood) in the lungs → Pulmonary Vein
  (oxygenated blood) → Heart → left atrium → bicuspid valve → left ventricle → aorta.