FINALS GZOO: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
- Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
liver, pancreas, gall bladder, colon, anus, salivary glands,
chemical digestion, mechanical digestion.
Digestive System
- start of digestive System
- break down food to help in further digestion
- produced the saliva which breaks down the chemicals in the
food a bit
Mouth
- a long, thin, and muscular tube that connects the pharynx
(throat) to the stomach. - Food and fluids → esophagus → stomach
- Esophageal sphincters normally prevent the contents of the
stomach from flowing back into the esophagus or throat.
Esophagus
- a muscular sac that lies between the esophagus and the small
intestine in the upper abdomen. - releases acids and enzymes for the chemical breakdown of food
- it can also expand to temporarily store food.
- important for churning food into a consistency that is easier to
digest for the rest of the body systems.
Stomach
- Absorbs about 90 % of the nutrients from the food
- Diameter or the width of the tube is much less than the large
intestine - Digested food passes through the wall of the intestine into the
blood vessels which then distribute the nutrition first to
the liver and then through the rest of the body.
Small intestine
- a little fatter and a little smaller than the small intestine
- vital task of absorbing water and vitamins while converting
digested food into waste(feces) - __________ - liquid and salt is removed from the waste as it passes
through the colon.
Large intestine
Colon
- role in the process of digestion through the production of bile.
- Bile travels through the bile ducts and is released into the
duodenum where it emulsifies large masses of fat
Liver
- Produce Enzymes, or digestive juices to further break down food
after it has left the stomach - endocrine function because it releases juices directly into the
bloodstream, and it has an exocrine function because it releases
juices into ducts
Pancreas
- a small storage organ located inferior and posterior to the liver.
- holds bile produced in the liver
- cholecystokinin is released, signaling the gallbladder to contract
and secrete bile into the small intestine through the common
bile duct
Gall bladder
Opening through which stool leaves the body.
Anus
- Produce saliva, provides moisture
- lubricates the passage of food down from the oro-pharynx to
the esophagus to the stomach
Salivary glands
- breaking down the food into simpler nutrients that can be used
by the cells. - The enzymes necessary for proper chemical digestion are in
equilibrium.
Chemical digestion
- physically breaking the food into smaller pieces.
- MOUTH: Teeth, tongue, and palates
- ESOPHAGUS: Presitalsis (mucus membrane)
- STOMACH: Muscular churning action of stomach
- SL: bile and peristalsis
Mechanical Digestion
Food Travels
- Esophagus → stomach
- Stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus
Effects of Outside/environmental factors on the Digestion System
- __________ - cause food to move too quickly through your system and
nutritional deficiencies. - __________ - deterioration of the mucous membrane lining,
leaves areas like the intestine and stomach walls vulnerable to
damage and more serious ailments. - __________ - slow down the digestive process & indigestion
Stress
Drug abuse
Overeating
2 diseases of the system
___________ - Severe “heartburn” in laymen’s language. Weakness of the valve between the esophagus and stomach may allow stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus and irritate and inflame the lining. This results in chest pain which can mimic that of angina.
___________ - Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes from a backup of bile metabolic by-products from the blood into body tissues. May result from blockage of the ducts draining bile from the liver into the intestines or excessive breakdown of red blood cells. Hemoglobin from destroyed RBCs is broken down, and in part, ends up in bile secretions.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):
Jaundice
