FINALS GZOO: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

• Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
  liver, pancreas, gall bladder, colon, anus, salivary glands,
  chemical digestion, mechanical digestion.

Answer 1

Digestive System

Question 2

• start of digestive System
• break down food to help in further digestion
• produced the saliva which breaks down the chemicals in the
  food a bit

Answer 2

Mouth

Question 3

• a long, thin, and muscular tube that connects the pharynx
  (throat) to the stomach.
• Food and fluids → esophagus → stomach
• Esophageal sphincters normally prevent the contents of the
  stomach from flowing back into the esophagus or throat.

Answer 3

Esophagus

Question 4

• a muscular sac that lies between the esophagus and the small
  intestine in the upper abdomen.
• releases acids and enzymes for the chemical breakdown of food
• it can also expand to temporarily store food.
• important for churning food into a consistency that is easier to
  digest for the rest of the body systems.

Answer 4

Stomach

Question 5

• Absorbs about 90 % of the nutrients from the food
• Diameter or the width of the tube is much less than the large
  intestine
• Digested food passes through the wall of the intestine into the
  blood vessels which then distribute the nutrition first to
  the liver and then through the rest of the body.

Answer 5

Small intestine

Question 6

• a little fatter and a little smaller than the small intestine
• vital task of absorbing water and vitamins while converting
  digested food into waste(feces)
• __________ - liquid and salt is removed from the waste as it passes
  through the colon.

Answer 6

Large intestine

Colon

Question 7

• role in the process of digestion through the production of bile.
• Bile travels through the bile ducts and is released into the
  duodenum where it emulsifies large masses of fat

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

• Produce Enzymes, or digestive juices to further break down food
  after it has left the stomach
• endocrine function because it releases juices directly into the
  bloodstream, and it has an exocrine function because it releases
  juices into ducts

Answer 8

Pancreas

Question 9

• a small storage organ located inferior and posterior to the liver.
• holds bile produced in the liver
• cholecystokinin is released, signaling the gallbladder to contract
  and secrete bile into the small intestine through the common
  bile duct

Answer 9

Gall bladder

Question 10

Opening through which stool leaves the body.

Answer 10

Anus

Question 11

• Produce saliva, provides moisture
• lubricates the passage of food down from the oro-pharynx to
  the esophagus to the stomach

Answer 11

Salivary glands

Question 12

• breaking down the food into simpler nutrients that can be used
  by the cells.
• The enzymes necessary for proper chemical digestion are in
  equilibrium.

Answer 12

Chemical digestion

Question 13

• physically breaking the food into smaller pieces.
• MOUTH: Teeth, tongue, and palates
• ESOPHAGUS: Presitalsis (mucus membrane)
• STOMACH: Muscular churning action of stomach
• SL: bile and peristalsis

Answer 13

Mechanical Digestion

Question 14

Food Travels

Answer 14

• Esophagus → stomach
• Stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus

Question 15

Effects of Outside/environmental factors on the Digestion System

• __________ - cause food to move too quickly through your system and
  nutritional deficiencies.
• __________ - deterioration of the mucous membrane lining,
  leaves areas like the intestine and stomach walls vulnerable to
  damage and more serious ailments.
• __________ - slow down the digestive process & indigestion

Answer 15

Stress
Drug abuse
Overeating

Question 16

2 diseases of the system

___________ - Severe “heartburn” in laymen’s language. Weakness of the valve between the esophagus and stomach may allow stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus and irritate and inflame the lining. This results in chest pain which can mimic that of angina.

___________ - Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes from a backup of bile metabolic by-products from the blood into body tissues. May result from blockage of the ducts draining bile from the liver into the intestines or excessive breakdown of red blood cells. Hemoglobin from destroyed RBCs is broken down, and in part, ends up in bile secretions.

Answer 16

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):
Jaundice