Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
The doctrine that an evil being or spirit can dwell within a person and control his mind and body thereby can be treated by exorcism, the ritualistic casting out of evil
Demonology
- Involves cutting holes on the skull in the belief that evil spirits may come out
Trephination
Patients were shocked back to their senses by being submerged in ice-cold water
Hydrotherapy
- Church gained in influence and the papacy was declared independent of the state
- Christian monasteries replaced physicians as healers and as authorities on mental disorder
- Monks cared and prayed for mentally ill; concocted potions
Dark Ages (History)
- Witchcraft was viewed as instigated by Satan, was seen as a denial of God
- Those accused of witchcraft should be tortured
- Historians concluded that many of the accused were mentally ill
Persecution of Witches (History)
- Municipal authorities assumed responsibility for care of mentally ill
- Trials held to determine sanity
- They attribute insanity to misalignment of moon and stars
Lunacy Trials (13th Century in England )
- Asylums are establishments for the confinement and care of mentally ill
- St. Mary of Bethlehem (1243) is one of the first mental institutions
Development of Asylums
promotion of enforced sterilization to eliminate undesirable characteristics from population or to breed out people mental disorder
Eugenics (History: Foundation of Biological Approach)
- by Manfred Sakel (1927)
- Clients will be injected high dosage of insulin to be comatosed then recover
Insulin-coma Therapy
- By Cerletti and Bini (1938)
- Induced epileptic seizures with electric shock
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
- By Egas Moniz (1935)
- Often lead to listlessness, apathy, and lack of cognitive abilities
- Refered nowadays as medical barbarism
Prefrontal Lobotomy
- A ___________ is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.
- There is usually significant distress or disability in social or occupational activities.
DEFINITION: MENTAL DISORDER
Steps in Making a Diagnosis
- Administer cross-cutting assessments
- Administer WHODAS 2.0
- Conduct clinical interview
- Determine whether a diagnostic threshold is met
- Consider subtypes and/or specifiers
- Consider contextual information, disorder text, distress, clinician judgment
- Apply codes and develop a treatment plan
- The ______________ should have clinical utility; it should help clinicians to determine prognosis and treatment plans.
- The ______________ is not equivalent to a need for treatment.
- Diagnoses are made on the basis of
The clinical interview
DSM-5 text descriptions
DSM-5 criteria
Clinician judgement
Diagnosis of a mental disorder
Defining a Mental Disorder: 4 “Ds”
Mental Disorder:
- Distress
- Dysfunction
- Danger
- Deviance
- A person’s behavior may be classified as disordered if it causes him
- a great distress or unpleasant feelings or emotions that impacts level of functioning
- This psychological discomfort interferes with the daily activities and functioning
Personal Distress
- This is the point at which a person has a significant impairment in a life area, such as work, home, interpersonal or social life is impaired
- In the addictions world, this is often called “hitting rock bottom
Psychological Dysfunction
Behaviors are detrimental or may cause harm to to the person or people around them
Danger
There are two different types of deviance
- ___________ means that the behavior does not occur often in society
Statistical and Social
Statistical deviance
- The presenting problem of the client
Presents (CLINICAL DESCRIPTION)
- How many people in the population as a whole have the disorder?
Prevalence (CLINICAL DESCRIPTION)
- How many new cases occur during a given period
Incidence
- How did the disorder begin?
+ types
Onset
- Acute onset (sudden onset)
- Insidious Onset (gradual onset)
- Disorders follow a somewhat individual pattern
__________ - the disorder will last for a long time of sometimes, a life time
__________ - the client will likely recover from a disorder within a few months but may reoccur
__________ - the disorder will improve without treatment
Course:
Chronic course
Episodic course
Time-limited course
- What is the origin of the disorder?
- What are the factors contributed to the development of the disorder?
Etiology
- What kind of treatment can help to alleviate the psychological. suffering?
- Kinds of treatment include pharmacologic, psychosocial, psychotherapy or combined treatments
Treatment Development
- The anticipated course of a disorder which can be good or guarded Good prognosis means the client may recover easily
- __________ means the client may recover but gradually
Prognosis
Guarded prognosis
MENTAL DISORDERS
2 Clusters of Mental Disorders:
_______ - Disorders with prominent anxiety, depressive, and somatic symptoms
_______- Disorders with prominent impulsive, disruptive conduct, and substance use symptoms
Internalizing group
Externalizing group
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- Bipolar and Related Disorders
- Depressive Disorders
- Anxiety Disorders
- Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
- Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
- Dissociative Disorders
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
- Feeding and Eating Disorders
- Elimination Disorders
- Sleep-Wake Disorders
- Sexual Dysfunctions
- Gender Dysphoria
- Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
- Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
- Neurocognitive Disorders
- Personality Disorders
- Paraphilic Disorders
- Other Mental Disorders
Categories of Disorders in DSM-5
