Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
The doctrine that an evil being or spirit can dwell within a person and control his mind and body thereby can be treated by exorcism, the ritualistic casting out of evil
Demonology
- Involves cutting holes on the skull in the belief that evil spirits may come out
Trephination
Patients were shocked back to their senses by being submerged in ice-cold water
Hydrotherapy
- Church gained in influence and the papacy was declared independent of the state
- Christian monasteries replaced physicians as healers and as authorities on mental disorder
- Monks cared and prayed for mentally ill; concocted potions
Dark Ages (History)
- Witchcraft was viewed as instigated by Satan, was seen as a denial of God
- Those accused of witchcraft should be tortured
- Historians concluded that many of the accused were mentally ill
Persecution of Witches (History)
- Municipal authorities assumed responsibility for care of mentally ill
- Trials held to determine sanity
- They attribute insanity to misalignment of moon and stars
Lunacy Trials (13th Century in England )
- Asylums are establishments for the confinement and care of mentally ill
- St. Mary of Bethlehem (1243) is one of the first mental institutions
Development of Asylums
promotion of enforced sterilization to eliminate undesirable characteristics from population or to breed out people mental disorder
Eugenics (History: Foundation of Biological Approach)
- by Manfred Sakel (1927)
- Clients will be injected high dosage of insulin to be comatosed then recover
Insulin-coma Therapy
- By Cerletti and Bini (1938)
- Induced epileptic seizures with electric shock
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
- By Egas Moniz (1935)
- Often lead to listlessness, apathy, and lack of cognitive abilities
- Refered nowadays as medical barbarism
Prefrontal Lobotomy
- A ___________ is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.
- There is usually significant distress or disability in social or occupational activities.
DEFINITION: MENTAL DISORDER
Steps in Making a Diagnosis
- Administer cross-cutting assessments
- Administer WHODAS 2.0
- Conduct clinical interview
- Determine whether a diagnostic threshold is met
- Consider subtypes and/or specifiers
- Consider contextual information, disorder text, distress, clinician judgment
- Apply codes and develop a treatment plan
- The ______________ should have clinical utility; it should help clinicians to determine prognosis and treatment plans.
- The ______________ is not equivalent to a need for treatment.
- Diagnoses are made on the basis of
The clinical interview
DSM-5 text descriptions
DSM-5 criteria
Clinician judgement
Diagnosis of a mental disorder
Defining a Mental Disorder: 4 “Ds”
Mental Disorder:
- Distress
- Dysfunction
- Danger
- Deviance
