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A&P > FINALFINAL > Flashcards

FINALFINAL Flashcards

1
Q

The cranial cavity houses the

A

brain

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2
Q

nucleic acids are made up of

A

nucleotides joined by covalent, phosphodiester bonds

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3
Q

in the formation of a compound of sodium chloride

A

sodium donates an electron to chlorine

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4
Q

Reaction where biological molecules engage in condensation

A

synthesis

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5
Q

closest to trunk

A

proximal

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6
Q

3 types of lipids

A

eicosanoid, steriod, triglyceride

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7
Q

an ion is an atom or group of atoms that has

A

lost or gained an electron

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8
Q

integrates sensory input and signals for change as needed

A

control center homeostatic mechanism

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9
Q

of the nine abdominopelvic regions, the one that is most superior in the middle column is called the

A

epigastric region

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10
Q

median space in thoracic cavity

A

mediastinum

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11
Q

ionic bonds involve

A

electrostatic interactions between anions and cations

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12
Q

structurally, enzymes are generally

A

globular proteins

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13
Q

most common lipid in body

A

triglyceride

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14
Q

True or false? fatty acids are nonpolar and do not dissolve in water

A

true

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15
Q

diagnosing a disease involves determining the

A

cause of the homeostatic imbalance

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16
Q

which enzyme class splits a chemical bond in the absence of water?

A

lyase

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17
Q

RNA is single stranded and contains

A

uracil

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18
Q

2 main divisions of microscopic anatomy

A

cytology, histology

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19
Q

polymers made up of amino acid monomers

A

proteins

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20
Q

True or false? at temperatures exceeding 104 in the body, enzyme denaturation takes place and reaction rates decrease.

A

true

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21
Q

True or false ? phospholipids are hydophobic

A

false. they are amphipathic

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22
Q

a protein consists of amino acids linked by

A

peptide bonds

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23
Q

fatty acids in soap have a polar end and a nonpolar end. Which of the following best describes these molecules?

A

amphipathic

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24
Q

Which of the following has the smallest mass? a neutron, an atomic nucleus, an electron, or a proton?

A

an electorn

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25
Q

Which abdominopelvic regions have both a right and left side?

A

lumbar, iliac, hypochondriac

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26
Q

When we shiver on a cold day, the heat produced by muscle tissue is a demonstration of which law of thermodynamcis?

A

second

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27
Q

Water has a ____ specific heat, and this tends to keep body temperature ______

A

high, relatively constant

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28
Q

From deep to superficial, the order of the strata of the epidermis is

A

basale - spinosum- granulosum- lucidum- corneum

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29
Q

Which is the actively growing part of the nail?

A

nail matrix

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30
Q

The phase of mitosis that begins with the arrival of a group of single-stranded chromsomes at the pole of each cell

A

telophase

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31
Q

Out of this list, which organelle is not membrane bound?
golgi apparatus
lysosome
mitochondrion
rough ER
microtubule

A

microtubule

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32
Q

In connective tissue, the extracellular matrix consists of

A

protein fibers and ground substance

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33
Q

The sodium-potassium ATPase functions by performing

A

primary active transport

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34
Q

The phase of mitosis that begins as spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart at the centromere is

A

anaphase

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35
Q

What is the composition of the subcutanous layer?

A

areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue

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36
Q

microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase surface area for absorption and secretion are called

A

microvilli

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37
Q

cells are measured in

A

micrometers

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38
Q

Because they produce ribosome subunits, one would expect to find large numbers of nucleoli and cells that synthesize

A

proteins

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39
Q

Cancer cells in the epidermis are attacked by

A

epidermal dendritic cells

40
Q

All connective tissues have 3 features in common. they are

A

cells, protein fibers, ground substance

41
Q

severe injuries/burns to the skin can result in scars that are

A

produced by fibroblasts and mainly made of collagen

42
Q

sodium potatssium pump

A

sodium out potassium in

43
Q

building blocks of DNA double helix

A

nucleotides

44
Q

The most abundant lipid of the membrane consists of a head and two tails. this type of lipid is a

A

phospholipid

45
Q

skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, due to sun exposure it occurs most frequently on the

A

head and neck

46
Q

oxidative fibers are

A

red and fatigue resistant

47
Q

how many floating ribs do we have?

A

2

48
Q

Which extrsinsic eye muscle moves through the pulley-like loop?

A

superior oblique

49
Q

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the

A

cytosol

50
Q

Of this list, which type of bone would be the best for movement rather than protection?
Long
irregular
short
flat

A

long

51
Q

the bones of the wrist are classified as

A

short

52
Q

What kind of joint is the sagittal suture?

A

fibrous

53
Q

With increased age, skeletal muscles show a decrease in

A

myofibrils

54
Q

What protein is not found in thin filaments?

A

myosin

55
Q

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A

osteoblasts

56
Q

rickets is caused by a lack of sufficient

A

vitamin d

57
Q

Which bears more weight? fibula or tibia?

A

tibia

58
Q

What happens to osteoblasts when bone matrix calcifies and secreting cells are walled in?

A

they become osteocytes

59
Q

Characteristics of cartilage connective tissue

A

gel-like ground substance, matrix of protein fibers, cells are called chondrocytes, avascularity

60
Q

The word biceps in the name of a muscle refers to the fact that

A

the muscle has two tendons of origin

61
Q

3 small bones within each ear

A

ossicles incus malleus stapes

62
Q

one feature that helps provide fast energy to a muscle cell is the presence of granules containing the complex carb

A

glycogen

63
Q

bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A

calcium, phosphate, lipids

64
Q

during appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the

A

chondroblasts

65
Q

Which is the neurotransmitter that causes the release of calcium ions from reserboirs within the muscle cell and thereby initiates the steps of a contraction

A

acetylcholine

66
Q

when the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A

flexion

67
Q

myogolbin is a molecule within muscle cells that can bind

A

oxygen

68
Q

this muscle has its inferior attachment on the manubrium and sternal end of the clavicle and its superior attachment on the mastoid process

A

sternocleidomastoid

69
Q

diarthrosis mobility

A

freely mobile

70
Q

conductive activity in a neuron generally causes it to secrete

A

a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target

71
Q

glial cell that helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid

A

ependymal cell

72
Q

the smaller structural units that contain bundles of axons within each white matter funiculus are called

A

tracts

73
Q

the lobe that is immediately posterior to the central sulcus and that is involved in general sensory functions is the

A

parietal lobe

74
Q

glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within CNs

A

oligodendrocytes

75
Q

Which of the cranial meninges consists of dense irregular connective tissue in two layers (the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer)?

A

dura mater

76
Q

The primary motor cortex for control of voluntary muscles is found in the

A

precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

77
Q

the glial cell which will occupy the space left by dead or dying neurons

A

astrocytes

78
Q

glial cell that defends the body against pathogens

A

microglial

79
Q

Example of a system or function only controlled by sympathetic nervous system

A

adrenal medulla

80
Q

glial cell with perivascular feet that wrap around capillaries in the CNS

A

astrocyte

81
Q

cell bodies of sensory neurons are found in the posterior ____ ___

A

root ganglia

82
Q

the sympathetic division is also called what

A

thoracolumbar divisioin

83
Q

The shallow depressions between folds on the surface of the brain are called

A

sulci

84
Q

CSF leaves the subarachnoid scpace through the ______ and enters the bloodstream

A

arachnoid villi

85
Q

stage of sleep where we have our most memeorable dreams

A

REM

86
Q

Each thoracic spinal nerve emerges from intervertebral foramen that is ____ to the vertebra of the same number

A

inferior

87
Q

Which portion of a reflex arc is likely to be located entirely within the CNS?

A

interneuron

88
Q

Which statement is consistent with what we currently understand about neurons?

A

Most neurons formed in fetal development last a lifetime, but some brain regions in adults can generate new neurons

89
Q

glial cells differ from neurons in that they are

A

smaller and capable of mitosis

90
Q

function of myelin

A

produce faster nerve impulse propagation

91
Q

glial cell responsible for PNS myelination

A

neurolemmocyte

92
Q

space containing cerebrospinal fluid

A

subarachnoid

93
Q

motor neurons contain their cell bodies in the _____ and axons in the ________

A

posterior root, anterior horn

94
Q

electrical synapses involve coupling of neurons by

A

gap junctions

95
Q
A

A&P (11 decks)

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