Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P > CHAPTER 13 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 13 Flashcards

1
Q

4 major brain regions

A

cerebrum, dienchephalon, brainstem, cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gyri

A

ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sulci

A

depressions between ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

terms used for anterior and posterior with regards to the nervous system

A

rostral, caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gray matter is made of

A

neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cortex

A

superficial layer of gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or false? white matter consists of myelinated axons

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bundles of axons

A

tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

regions of gray matter (clusters of cell bodies) either close to the surface or deep within the brain

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

brain is protected by

A

bone of skull, meninges, csf, liquid cushion, blood-brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cranial meninges from deep to superficial

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

innermost of the meninges, adheres to brain’s surface. thin layer of areolar connective tissue

A

pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

component of arachnoid mater extending to pia mater through the subarachnoid space

A

arachnoid trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is found in the subarachnoid space?

A

csf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

epidural space

A

potential space between dura and skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do dural venous sinuses do?

A

drain blood from the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what type of tissue comprises the dura mater?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which happens more slowly, an epidural hematoma, or a subdural hematoma?

A

the subdural hematoma happens faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

encephalitis vs menigitis

A

meningitis is inflammation of the meninges and usually bacterial.
encephalitis is inflammation of the brain and is usually viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ventricles of brain are lined with what type of cell?

A

ependymal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What separates the 2 lateral ventricles of the brain?

A

septum pellucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What connects the third ventricle to each later ventricle?

A

the interventricular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is the fourth ventricle connected to the third?

A

cerebral aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where are the two lateralventricles of the brain?

A

cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is the third ventricle of the brain?

A

middle of diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle of the brain?

A

between the pons and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which ventricle of the brain merges with the central canal of the spinal cord?

A

fourth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

functions of CSF

A

buoyancy, protection, environmental stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

CSF is formed by ___ in each ventricle

A

choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what causes hydrocephalus

A

excessive CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

the cerebrum is the center of

A

all complex intellectual functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How many lobes are in each hemisphere of the cerebrum?

A

5

33
Q

Which lobe is not visible at the surface?

A

insular

34
Q

separates inferior frontal lobe from temporal lobe

A

lateral sulcus

35
Q

precentral gyrus

A

controls voluntary movement

36
Q

functions of the insula

A

memory, sense of taste

37
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

precentral gyrus

38
Q

broca’s area

A

controls movements for vocalizations

39
Q

Where is the frontal eye field and what does it do?

A

on superior surface of middle frontal gyrus. regulates eye movements needed for reading and binocular vision

40
Q

premotor cortex

A

coordinates learned, skilled activities

41
Q

What is the primary somatosensory cortex and where is it?

A

postcentral gyrus of parietal lobes. receives somatic sensory information.

42
Q

somatosensory association area

A

immediately posterior to postcentral gyrus (in parietal lobe) and integratges touch information allowing us to indentify how objects feel

43
Q

What is the primary visual cortex and where is it?

A

processes and stores visual information, located within occipital lobe

44
Q

What is the visual association area and where is it ?

A

integrates and interprets color and form, allowing identification/recognition

45
Q

What is the primary auditory cortex, and where is it?

A

processes and stores auditory informaton. located within temporal lobe

46
Q

What is the auditory assocation area and where is it?

A

located in temporal lobe, integrates and interprets sounds

47
Q

located within temporal lobe; receives, processes, stores auditory informaton

A

primary auditory cortex

48
Q

Where is the primary olfactory cortex?

A

temporal lobe

49
Q

Where is the primary gustatory cortex?

A

insula

50
Q

What is Wernicke’s area and where is it?

A

usually in left hemisphere. involved in language comprehension

51
Q

Where is the prefrontal cortex?

A

located rostral to premotor cortex in frontal lobe

52
Q

arcuate fibers

A

short tracts connecting neighboring gyri

53
Q

longitudinal fasciculi

A

longer tracts connecting gyri in different lobes

54
Q

commissures

A

connect regions in different hemispheres

55
Q

What do projection tracts do?

A

link cerebral cortex to inferior brain regions and spinal cord

56
Q

internal capsule

A

projection tract passes between thalamus and cerebral nuclei

57
Q

petalis

A

protrusion of a lobe on one side compared to the other

58
Q

cerebral/hemispheric lateralization

A

two sides of the cerebrum exhibit differences in higher-order functions

59
Q

Which hemisphere is usually the representational hemisphere?

A

right

60
Q

When does hemispheric lateralization develop?

A

early childhood education

61
Q

difference in lateralization between the sexes

A

women have a thicker posterior corpus callosum, and males suffer more functional loss when one hemisphere is damaged

62
Q

oval masses of gray matter on later sides of third ventricle

A

thalamus

63
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

damn near everything

64
Q

infundibulum

A

stalk of pituitary that extends from hypothalamus

65
Q

3 parts of brainstem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

66
Q

cerebral peduncle

A

a component of the midbrain, carry voluntary commands from primary motor cortex

67
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle

A

a component of the midbrain, connects midbrain to cerebellum

68
Q

medial lemniscus

A

band of ascending, myelinated axons running through brainstem

69
Q

substantia negra

A

cluster of cells with black appearance due to melanin. houses neurons producing dopamine. degeneration of this leads to parkinson;s disease

70
Q

tegmentum

A

involved in posterior motor control. contains red nucleui (pigmented) and reticular formation

71
Q

tectum

A

a component of the midbrain. contains for mounds making a tectal plate

72
Q

pontine respiratory center

A

a component of the pons. helps regulate skeletal muscles of breathing.

73
Q

medullary respiratory center

A

controls breathing rate

74
Q

symptoms of impaired cerebellar function

A

disturbance of gait, loss of balance and posture, inability to detect proprioceptive information

75
Q

limbic system

A

emotional brain

76
Q

limbic system components

A

cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdaloid body, olfactory cortex, fornix

77
Q

amygdaloid body

A

involved in many aspects of emotion and emotional memory, especially fear

78
Q

fornix

A

thin white tract connecting hippocampus with other limbic structures

79
Q

cranial nerves and what they do

A

CN1 olfactory
CN2 optic
CN3 oculomotor
CN4 trochlear eyes move
CN5 trigeminal sensation
CN6 abducens abduction of eyes
CN7 facnial
CN8 vestibulocochlear
CN9 glosspharyngeal
CN10 vagus
CN11 accessory
CN12 hypoglossal
\

A&P (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions