chapter 2 Flashcards
atomic number
number of protons
mass number
number of protons and neutrons
isotope
variant forms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons
atomic weight
average mass numbers of all isotopic forms
electron orbitals
volumes of space surrounding the atomic nucleus where electrons are likely to be found
what does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
what is the function of ATP?
transfer and storage of energy
DNA replication process
each strand is copied. replication is guided by base pairing. end result is 2 separate double strands. allows making new DNA molecules to pass on genetic message
DNA is formed by 2 very long _________ strands linked along their length by _______ between the nitrogenous bases
polynucleotide, hydrogen bonds
What is DNA?
deoxyribonucleic acid. function : hereditary material
what is RNA?
ribonucleic acid. function : organize protein synthesis
function of proteins
support, enzymes, transport, defense, movement
primary structure of a protein
series of amino acids bound in a chain.
secondary structure of a protein
the chain starts folding due to hydrogen bonds
tertiary structure of a protein
forms when portions of the secondary structure further interact by forming covalent disulfide bonds and additional interactions. from this emerges a stable 3-dimensional molecule. depending on the protein, this may be the final functional state.
quaternary structure of a protein
only exists in proteins that consist of more than one polypeptide chain.
true or false? proteins are the predominant molecules in cells.
true
Why is cholesterol inserted into the phospholipid bilayer?
It reinforces the membrane
True or False? glycerol with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group forms a phospholipid bilayer
true.
where are steroids found
cell membranes, animal hormones
true or false? phospholipids are a major cell membrane component.
true
do triglycerides function in energy storage?
yes.
what are the 4 lipid classifications?
triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, waxes
what do polysaccharides provide?
cell structure, adhesion, and metabolism
loss of water in a polymerization reaction
dehydration synthesis
What links subunits of disaccharides and polysaccharides?
glycosidic bonds
3 common carbohydrate configurations
monosaccharide (polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone with 3 to 7 carbons), disaccharide (2 monosaccharides), polysaccharide (5 or more monosaccharides)
True or false : macromolecules are large compounds assembled from smaller subunits
true
Polar covalent bonds: equal or unequal sharing?
unequal
nonpolar covalent bonds : equal or unequal sharing?
equal
weak bonds between hydrogen and
other atoms
hydrogen bonds
compounds containing carbon bonded
to hydrogens
organic
True or false? lipids are created by dehydration synthesis.
true
C,G,A,T
DNA
CGAU
RNA
