CHAPTER 11 Flashcards
attaches muscle to bone, skin, or another muscle
tendon
thin, flattened sheetlike tendon
aponeurosis
True or false? most muscles cross at least one mobile joint
true
For axial muscles, which attachment is more moveable? the superior one or the inferior one?
superior
For appendicular muscles, which attachment is less moveable, the proximal or distal?
proximal
pennate muscles
fascicles organized as if part of a large feather
3 subtypes of pennate muscles
unipennate, bipennate, multipennate
unipennate
fascicles on same side of tendon
bipennate
fascicles on both sides of tendon
multipennate
branches of tendon within muscle, and fascicles arranged around both sides of each tendon branch
Which of the pennate muscle subtypes is most common?
bipennate
muscles grouped by primary actions :
agonist, antagonist, synergist
occipitofrontalis muscle
connects with epicranial aponeurosis ( galea aponeurotica) to form epicranius
what muscle is responsible for raising of eyebrows?
frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
muscle responsible for slight retraction of the scalp
occipital belly of occipitofrontalis muscle
corrugator supercilii muscle
draws eyebrows together
orbicularis oculi and what it does
circular muscle fibers surrounding orbit, closes eye
levator palpebrae superioris
elevates upper eyelid
nasalis
allows for flaring of nostrils
procerus
wrinkles nose.
What muscle of the nose is associated with the frontal belly of occipitofronatlis muscle?
procerus
orbicularis oris
closes mouth, puckers lips
depressor labii inferioris
pull slower lip inferiorly
depressor anguli oris
pulls corners of the mouth inferiorly (frown)
levator labii superioris
pulls upper lip superiorly
levator anguli oris
pulls corners of mouth superiorly and laterally
works as a synergist to the zygomaticus major and minor to produce smile
levator anguli oris
risorius
pulls corner of the lips laterally
mentalis
protrudes lower lip
platysma
tenses neck and pulls lower lip inferiorly
buccinator
compresses cheek
How many extrinsic eye muscles?
6 (4 rectus, 2 oblique)
True or false? the rectus eye muscles originate from a common tendinous ring.
true
medial rectus function and nerve
CN 3 oculomotor , pulls eye medially
lateral rectus function and nerve
cn 6 abducens, pulls eye laterally
inferior rectus and nerve
cn 3 oculomotor , pulls eye inferiorly and medially
superior rectus function and nerve
pulls eye superiorly and medially, cn 3 oculomotor
inferior oblique and nerve
elevates and turns eye laterally. cn 3 oculomotor
superior oblique and nerve
passes through pulleylike loop , trochlea. innervated by trochlear nerve cn 4
Four paired muscles move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint. How is this group referred to?
muscles of mastication
What nerves innervate the muscles of mastication?
all four are innervated by the trigeminal nerve, CN V
broad, fan-shaped muscle which retracts the madible.
temporalis
powerful and important muscle of mastication which protracts the mandible.
masseter
Which muscle of mastication allows side-to-side movement of the mandible?
medial+lateral pterygoid
True or false? the medial pterygoid provides both side-to-side movement and elevation.
true
Which nerve innervates the extrinsic muscles of the tounge?
CN 12 hypoglossal
genioglossus
protract tongue
styloglossus
elevate and retract tonguehy
hyoglossus
depress and retract tongue
palatoglossus
elevate posterior part of tongue
erector spinae
maintain upright posture
3 groups of erector spinae muscles, lateral to medial.
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
What do the transversospoinalis muscles do? where are they?
connect and stabilize vertebrae, deep to erector spinae.
Quadratus lumborum muscles
extend vertebral column when bilaterally contracted, laterally flex column when unilaterally contracted.
serratus posterior superior
elevates ribs during forced inspiration. increases lateral dimensions of thorax
serratus posterior inferior
depresses the ribs during forced expiration
scalene muscles
help elevate first and second ribs during forced inspiration
external intercostals
elevate ribs during inspiration, expanding cavity
internal intercostals
depress ribs during forced expiration
transversus thoracis
depresses ribs during forced expiration
internally placed dome-shaped muscle that partitions thoracic and abdominal cavities
diaphragm
the muscle fibers of the diaphragm converge towards a fibrous _______
central tendon
Central tendon of diaphragm is pulled inferiorly, increasing the dimension of the ______
thoracic cavity
fibrous sleeve enclosing abdominus rectus
rectus sheath
fibrous strip connecting 2 sides of rectus sheath
linea alba
a loop of the small intestine has protruded through the superifical inguinal ring. what is this?
hernia
trapezius function and location, description
diamond-shaped muscle extending from skull and vertebral column to pectoral girdle. can elevate, depress, retract, or rotate scapula.
prime abductor of the arm
deltoid
Rotator cuff muscles
subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
subscapularis (rotator cuff)
medially rotates arm
supraspinatus
abducts the arm
infraspinatus and teres minor
adduct and laterally rotate arm