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A&P > CHAPTER 7 SKELETAL SYSTEM BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION > Flashcards

CHAPTER 7 SKELETAL SYSTEM BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Flashcards

1
Q

4 BASIC BONE FUNCTIONS

A

SUPPORT/PROTECTION, LEVERS FOR MOVEMENT, HEMATOPOIESIS, STORAGE OF MINERAL AND ENERGY RESERVES

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2
Q

HEMATOPOIESIS

A

BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION

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3
Q

IN WHICH PART OF THE BONE DOES HEMATOPOIESIS TAKE PLACE

A

RED BONE MARROW

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4
Q

MINERALS STORED IN BONE

A

CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE

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5
Q

COMPACT BONE MAKES UP ___ PERCENT OF BONE MASS

A

80

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6
Q

SPONGY BONE MAKES UP ___ PERCENT OF BONE MASS

A

20

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7
Q

TYPES OF CARTILAGE

A

HYALINE, FIBROCARTILAGE

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8
Q

HYALINE CARTILAGE

A

ATTACHES RIBS TO STERNUM, COVERS ENDS OF SOME BONES, MODEL FOR BONE FORMATION WITHIN GROWTH PLATES

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9
Q

FIBROCARTILAGE

A

WEIGHT BEARING. FOUND IN INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS, PUBIS SYMPHYSIS, MENISCI OF KNEE

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10
Q

LIGAMENT VS TENDON

A

LIGAMENT CONNECTS BONE TO BONE, TENDON CONNECTS MUSCLE TO BONE

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11
Q

4 CLASSES OF BONE BY SHAPE

A

LONG, SHORT, FLAT, IRREGULAR

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12
Q

DIAPHYSIS

A

ELONGATED, CYLINDRICAL PART OF BONE

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13
Q

MEDULLARY CAVITY

A

HOLLOW, CYLINDRICAL SPACE WITHIN DIAPHYSIS

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14
Q

EPIPHYSIS

A

KNOBBY REGION AT END OF EACH LONG BONE

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15
Q

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

A

COVERS JOINT SURFACE. THIN LAYER OF HYALINE CARTILAGE WHICH REDUCES FRICTION AND ABSORBS SHOCK IN MOVEABLE JOINTS

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16
Q

METAPHYSIS

A

REGION WHERE BONE WIDENS AND TRANSFERS WEIGHT BETWEEN THE DIAPHYSIS AND EPIPHYSIS

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17
Q

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

A

ALSO KNOWN AS GROWTH PLATE

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18
Q

EPIPHYSEAL LINE

A

REMNANT OF EPIPHYSEAL PLATES IN ADULTS

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19
Q

PERIOSTEUM

A

TOUGH SHEATH COVERING OUTER SURFACE OF BONE.

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20
Q

THE PERIOSTEUM HAS OUTER FIBROUS LAYER OF ________ CT

A

DENSE IRREGULAR

21
Q

ENDOSTEUM

A

COVERS ALL INTERNAL SURFACES OF BONE WITHIN MEDULLARY CAVITY

22
Q

THIN LAYER OF CT CONTAINING OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS, OSTEOBLASTS, AND OSTEOCLASTS

A

ENDOSTEUM

23
Q

DIPLOE

A

SPONGY BONE IN FLAT BONE OF SKULL

24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. BONE IS HIGHLY VASCULARIZED

A

TRUE

25
Q

NUTRIENT FORAMEN

A

SMALL OPENING IN HOLE OR BONE. ARTERY ENTRANCE AND VEIN EXIT HERE

26
Q

MYELOID TISSUE AKA

A

RED BONE MARROW

27
Q

YELLOW BONE MARROW IS THE PRODUCT OF ______ AS CHILDREN MATURE

A

RED BONE MARROW DEGENERATION

28
Q

WHY WOULD YELLOW BONE MARROW CONVERT BACK TO RED?

A

SEVERE ANEMIA, CONDITIONS WITH REDUCED ERYTHROCYTES

29
Q

4 CELLS FOUND IN BONE CT

A

OSTEOPROGENITOR, OSTEOBLAST, OSTEOCYTE, OSTEOCLAST

30
Q

OSTEOPROGENITOR

A

STEM CELLS DERIVED FROM MESENCHYME. LOCATED IN PERIOSTEUM AND ENDOSTEUM

31
Q

OSTEOBLAST

A

SYNETHESIZES AND SECRETES OSTEOID, WHICH LATER CALCIFIES

32
Q

OSTEOCYTE

A

MATURE BONE CELL DERIVED FROM OSTEOBLAST, WHEN OSTEOBLASTS BECOME ENTRAPPED WITHIN MATRIX AND MATURE

33
Q

OSTEOCLAST

A

LARGE, MULTINUCLEAR, PHAGOCYTIC CELLS. RUFFLED BORDER INCREASES SURFACE AREA EXPOSE TO BONE.

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. OSTEOCLASTS ARE INCOLVED IN BONE RESORPTION

A

TRUE

35
Q

OSTSEOID CONTENTS AND PURPOSE

A

CONTAINS COLLAGEN AND SEMISOLID GROUND SUBSTANCE OF PROTEOGLYCANS AND GLYCOPROTEINS. CONTRIBUTES TO BONE FLEXBILITY

36
Q

OSTEON

A

BASIC FUNTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL UNIT OF MATURE COMPACT BONE

37
Q

CONCENTRIC LAMELLAE

A

RINGS OF BONE CT.

38
Q

canaliculi

A

tiny, interconnecting channels within bone CT. allow exchange of nutrients, minerals, gases, and waste between blood vessels and osteocytes

39
Q

Interstitial lamellae

A

Components of compact bone between osteons or partially
resorbed osteons

40
Q

Trabeculae

A

Open lattice of narrow rods and plates of bones
* Bone marrow fills spaces
* Meshwork of crisscrossing bars
* Resistance to stress

41
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

bone growth within a membrane

42
Q

ossification centers form within thickened regions of mesenchyme beginning at the ____ week of development

A

eighth

43
Q

5 zones of epiphyseal plate

A

zone of resting cartilage, zone of proliferating cartilage, zone of hypertrophic cartilage, zone of calcified cartilage, zone of ossification

44
Q

achondoplasia

A

abnormal conversion of hyaline cartilage to bone

45
Q

how much of the skeleton is replaced yearly?

A

20%

46
Q

PTH parathyroid hormone

A

ssecreted and released by parathyroid glands in response to reduced blood calcium levels

47
Q

calcitonin

A

aids in regulating blood calcium levels, has a less significant role than PTH or calcitriol

48
Q

True or false? osteopenia occurs slightly in all people with age

A

true

49
Q
A

A&P (11 decks)

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