CHAPTER 7 SKELETAL SYSTEM BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Flashcards
4 BASIC BONE FUNCTIONS
SUPPORT/PROTECTION, LEVERS FOR MOVEMENT, HEMATOPOIESIS, STORAGE OF MINERAL AND ENERGY RESERVES
HEMATOPOIESIS
BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION
IN WHICH PART OF THE BONE DOES HEMATOPOIESIS TAKE PLACE
RED BONE MARROW
MINERALS STORED IN BONE
CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE
COMPACT BONE MAKES UP ___ PERCENT OF BONE MASS
80
SPONGY BONE MAKES UP ___ PERCENT OF BONE MASS
20
TYPES OF CARTILAGE
HYALINE, FIBROCARTILAGE
HYALINE CARTILAGE
ATTACHES RIBS TO STERNUM, COVERS ENDS OF SOME BONES, MODEL FOR BONE FORMATION WITHIN GROWTH PLATES
FIBROCARTILAGE
WEIGHT BEARING. FOUND IN INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS, PUBIS SYMPHYSIS, MENISCI OF KNEE
LIGAMENT VS TENDON
LIGAMENT CONNECTS BONE TO BONE, TENDON CONNECTS MUSCLE TO BONE
4 CLASSES OF BONE BY SHAPE
LONG, SHORT, FLAT, IRREGULAR
DIAPHYSIS
ELONGATED, CYLINDRICAL PART OF BONE
MEDULLARY CAVITY
HOLLOW, CYLINDRICAL SPACE WITHIN DIAPHYSIS
EPIPHYSIS
KNOBBY REGION AT END OF EACH LONG BONE
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
COVERS JOINT SURFACE. THIN LAYER OF HYALINE CARTILAGE WHICH REDUCES FRICTION AND ABSORBS SHOCK IN MOVEABLE JOINTS
METAPHYSIS
REGION WHERE BONE WIDENS AND TRANSFERS WEIGHT BETWEEN THE DIAPHYSIS AND EPIPHYSIS
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
ALSO KNOWN AS GROWTH PLATE
EPIPHYSEAL LINE
REMNANT OF EPIPHYSEAL PLATES IN ADULTS
PERIOSTEUM
TOUGH SHEATH COVERING OUTER SURFACE OF BONE.
THE PERIOSTEUM HAS OUTER FIBROUS LAYER OF ________ CT
DENSE IRREGULAR
ENDOSTEUM
COVERS ALL INTERNAL SURFACES OF BONE WITHIN MEDULLARY CAVITY
THIN LAYER OF CT CONTAINING OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS, OSTEOBLASTS, AND OSTEOCLASTS
ENDOSTEUM
DIPLOE
SPONGY BONE IN FLAT BONE OF SKULL
TRUE OR FALSE. BONE IS HIGHLY VASCULARIZED
TRUE
NUTRIENT FORAMEN
SMALL OPENING IN HOLE OR BONE. ARTERY ENTRANCE AND VEIN EXIT HERE
MYELOID TISSUE AKA
RED BONE MARROW
YELLOW BONE MARROW IS THE PRODUCT OF ______ AS CHILDREN MATURE
RED BONE MARROW DEGENERATION
WHY WOULD YELLOW BONE MARROW CONVERT BACK TO RED?
SEVERE ANEMIA, CONDITIONS WITH REDUCED ERYTHROCYTES
4 CELLS FOUND IN BONE CT
OSTEOPROGENITOR, OSTEOBLAST, OSTEOCYTE, OSTEOCLAST
OSTEOPROGENITOR
STEM CELLS DERIVED FROM MESENCHYME. LOCATED IN PERIOSTEUM AND ENDOSTEUM
OSTEOBLAST
SYNETHESIZES AND SECRETES OSTEOID, WHICH LATER CALCIFIES
OSTEOCYTE
MATURE BONE CELL DERIVED FROM OSTEOBLAST, WHEN OSTEOBLASTS BECOME ENTRAPPED WITHIN MATRIX AND MATURE
OSTEOCLAST
LARGE, MULTINUCLEAR, PHAGOCYTIC CELLS. RUFFLED BORDER INCREASES SURFACE AREA EXPOSE TO BONE.
TRUE OR FALSE. OSTEOCLASTS ARE INCOLVED IN BONE RESORPTION
TRUE
OSTSEOID CONTENTS AND PURPOSE
CONTAINS COLLAGEN AND SEMISOLID GROUND SUBSTANCE OF PROTEOGLYCANS AND GLYCOPROTEINS. CONTRIBUTES TO BONE FLEXBILITY
OSTEON
BASIC FUNTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL UNIT OF MATURE COMPACT BONE
CONCENTRIC LAMELLAE
RINGS OF BONE CT.
canaliculi
tiny, interconnecting channels within bone CT. allow exchange of nutrients, minerals, gases, and waste between blood vessels and osteocytes
Interstitial lamellae
Components of compact bone between osteons or partially
resorbed osteons
Trabeculae
Open lattice of narrow rods and plates of bones
* Bone marrow fills spaces
* Meshwork of crisscrossing bars
* Resistance to stress
Intramembranous ossification
bone growth within a membrane
ossification centers form within thickened regions of mesenchyme beginning at the ____ week of development
eighth
5 zones of epiphyseal plate
zone of resting cartilage, zone of proliferating cartilage, zone of hypertrophic cartilage, zone of calcified cartilage, zone of ossification
achondoplasia
abnormal conversion of hyaline cartilage to bone
how much of the skeleton is replaced yearly?
20%
PTH parathyroid hormone
ssecreted and released by parathyroid glands in response to reduced blood calcium levels
calcitonin
aids in regulating blood calcium levels, has a less significant role than PTH or calcitriol
True or false? osteopenia occurs slightly in all people with age
true
