Final - Tobacco Flashcards
When was tobacco first presented to Europeans?
In 1492, as a gift to Columbus by Indigenous people.
What percentage of Canadian tobacco is grown in southwestern Ontario?
90 percent.
Name the three major tobacco companies in Canada.
Imperial Tobacco, Rothmans Benson & Hedges, JTI-Macdonald.
When was Imperial Tobacco founded?
In the 19th century in Montreal.
What period is considered the ‘golden age’ of tobacco in Canada?
The 1920s to the 1950s.
What 1952 article linked smoking to cancer?
Reader’s Digest article titled ‘Cancer by the Carton’.
How did tobacco companies respond to cancer concerns in the 1950s?
By marketing filtered and low-tar cigarettes.
What was a key moment in tobacco decline?
The 1964 Surgeon General’s report linking smoking to lung cancer.
What is sidestream smoke?
Smoke rising from the ash of a cigarette.
Why is sidestream smoke concerning?
It contains higher levels of carcinogens than mainstream smoke.
What is mainstream smoke?
Smoke inhaled and exhaled by the smoker.
What are health effects of second-hand smoke?
Lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other adverse effects.
How does smoking affect pregnancy?
It increases risks of miscarriage, low birth weight, SIDS, and developmental issues.
What are long-term effects of prenatal smoking?
Neurological issues, learning difficulties, and hyperactivity.
What is nicotine?
A naturally occurring liquid alkaloid that is colorless and volatile.
How quickly do tolerance and dependence on nicotine develop?
Very quickly.
How effective is inhalation for nicotine absorption?
Very effective; 90% of inhaled nicotine is absorbed.
Where is most nicotine deactivated?
In the liver.
How is nicotine excreted?
Through the kidneys.
What does nicotine mimic in the body?
Acetylcholine.
What does nicotine do to receptor sites?
It first stimulates and then blocks them.
What neurotransmitter is affected by nicotine, similar to cocaine and heroin?
Dopamine.
What indirect effect does nicotine have?
A sympathomimetic effect via adrenaline release in the adrenal glands.
What are low-level nicotine poisoning symptoms?
Nausea, dizziness, and general weakness.
