Final - opioids

Question 1

What plant is opium derived from?

Answer 1

Opium poppy.

Question 2

When is opium available for harvest?

Answer 2

Only a few days during the plant’s life.

Question 3

How is raw opium collected?

Answer 3

By scraping the resin that oozes from shallow cuts in unripe seedpods.

Question 4

What is extracted from raw opium?

Answer 4

Morphine.

Question 5

What is derived from morphine?

Answer 5

Heroin.

Question 6

How long has opium been used medically?

Answer 6

Approximately 6,000 years.

Question 7

What were early uses of opium?

Answer 7

To relieve pain, reduce diarrhea, and relieve anxiety.

Question 8

When was opioid addiction first documented?

Answer 8

Around 1,000 BCE.

Question 9

Who developed laudanum?

Answer 9

Thomas Sydenham.

Question 10

What year did opium smoking become outlawed in China?

Answer 10

1729

Question 11

What triggered the Opium Wars?

Answer 11

British involvement in illicit opium trade in China.

Question 12

What was Britain granted after winning the Opium Wars?

Answer 12

The island of Hong Kong and trading rights.

Question 13

When was morphine isolated?

Answer 13

1806

Question 14

How much stronger is morphine compared to opium?

Answer 14

10 times.

Question 15

When was codeine isolated?

Answer 15

1832

Question 16

What year was the hypodermic syringe developed?

Answer 16

1853

Question 17

How potent is heroin compared to morphine?

Answer 17

Three times as potent.

Question 18

Why was heroin marketed as better than codeine?

Answer 18

It was seen as non-habit-forming.

Question 19

Where do most opium supplies in Canada come from?

Answer 19

South and Southwest Asia.

Question 20

What is a major source of illicit opioids in Canada?

Answer 20

Prescription medications.

Question 21

How are prescription opioids commonly misused?

Answer 21

Snorted or injected instead of taken orally.

Question 22

How much stronger is fentanyl compared to morphine?

Answer 22

Approximately 100 times stronger.

Question 23

What is fentanyl used for?

Answer 23

Cancer-related pain in tolerant patients via transdermal patch.

Question 24

What do endogenous opioids do?

Answer 24

Activate opioid receptors in the brain.

Question 25

Name two naturally occurring opioid-like neurotransmitters.

Answer 25

Enkephalins and endorphins.

Question 26

What are the three main opioid receptor types?

Answer 26

Mu (μ), Kappa (κ), and Delta (δ).

Question 27

What is the main therapeutic use of opioids?

Answer 27

Pain relief.

Question 28

How do opioids treat intestinal disorders?

Answer 28

By reducing peristaltic contractions.

Question 29

What is paregoric?

Answer 29

An opium solution still used to treat diarrhea.

Question 30

What opioid is used as a cough suppressant?

Answer 30

Codeine.

Question 31

What nonprescription opioid analogue is used in cough medicine?

Answer 31

Dextromethorphan.

Question 32

What does opioid tolerance mean?

Answer 32

A need for higher doses to achieve the same effect.

Question 33

What is cross-tolerance?

Answer 33

Tolerance to one opioid creates tolerance to others.

Question 34

Is opioid withdrawal life-threatening?

Answer 34

No, it is unpleasant but rarely life-threatening.

Question 35

How does methadone compare to heroin in withdrawal?

Answer 35

It causes later and less severe symptoms.

Question 36

What is positive reinforcement in opioid use?

Answer 36

Experiencing a high after use.

Question 37

What is negative reinforcement in opioid use?

Answer 37

Avoiding withdrawal symptoms by using the drug.

Question 38

Which opioids are most likely to cause dependence?

Answer 38

Fast-acting injectable opioids.

Question 39

What do opioids do to breathing?

Answer 39

They depress respiratory centers, slowing breathing.

Question 40

What substances increase overdose risk when mixed with opioids?

Answer 40

Depressants like alcohol or benzodiazepines.

Question 41

What are the symptoms of opioid overdose triad?

Answer 41

Coma, depressed respiration, and pinpoint pupils.

Question 42

What chronic health problems are linked to opioid injection?

Answer 42

HIV, Hepatitis C, and tetanus.

Question 43

What can opioid use mask?

Answer 43

Symptoms of other illnesses.

Question 44

What is InSite?

Answer 44

A supervised injection site with detox support.

Question 45

What is Onsite?

Answer 45

The detox facility above InSite.

Question 46

What was the NAOMI study?

Answer 46

A trial evaluating heroin-assisted treatment in Canada.

Question 47

What did the NAOMI study find?

Answer 47

Heroin was more effective than methadone for some users.

Question 48

What was the purpose of the SALOME study?

Answer 48

To test hydromorphone vs heroin and switch to oral formulations.

Question 49

What is naloxone?

Answer 49

An opioid antagonist that reverses overdose.

Question 50

What are the effects of naloxone?

Answer 50

Reverses depressed respiration, causes withdrawal, blocks highs.

Question 51

What is a key tool in the opioid crisis in BC?

Answer 51

Naloxone.