Final - Hallucinogens

Question 1

What is another outdated term for hallucinogens?

Answer 1

Drugs as Phantastica.

Question 2

Which type of hallucinogens are considered more toxic?

Answer 2

Deliriants.

Question 3

What structural feature do LSD and psilocybin share?

Answer 3

An indole nucleus.

Question 4

What is ergotism?

Answer 4

Food poisoning that includes symptoms like psychosis.

Question 5

Why are double-blind studies on LSD difficult?

Answer 5

Because participants can usually tell they are on LSD.

Question 6

What is the legal status of psychedelics in British Columbia?

Answer 6

Quasi-decriminalized; technically illegal but not strongly enforced.

Question 7

What is psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy?

Answer 7

Therapy that uses psychedelics as part of the treatment process, though it’s not legal.

Question 8

Why was it considered unethical to give hallucinogens to university students?

Answer 8

Due to lack of informed consent and the risks involved.

Question 9

What are the two types of LSD experiences mentioned in the text?

Answer 9

Expansive or constrictive.

Question 10

Is there evidence that LSD causes chromosomal damage?

Answer 10

No substantial evidence.

Question 11

Is there a known lethal dose of LSD?

Answer 11

No lethal dose has been identified.

Question 12

What is cross-tolerance?

Answer 12

When tolerance to one drug leads to tolerance of another; seen with indole hallucinogens.

Question 13

Why is it hard to know how many people have bad trips?

Answer 13

Because hallucinogens are illegal and underreported.

Question 14

How well do catechol hallucinogens pass the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 14

Poorly, so higher doses are required.

Question 15

Why were some new hallucinogens developed?

Answer 15

To bypass legal restrictions, as they weren’t listed under existing laws.

Question 16

What schedule is MDMA classified under?

Answer 16

Schedule I.

Question 17

What are some physiological dangers of MDMA?

Answer 17

It can cause sudden death and dangerous dehydration.

Question 18

What type of nervous system effects do deliriants have?

Answer 18

They have anticholinergic effects that suppress the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 19

Why aren’t deliriants commonly used recreationally?

Answer 19

They are toxic.

Question 20

What receptor system do deliriants act on?

Answer 20

GABA receptors, though they are technically anticholinergic.

Question 21

What is a common comparison drug for Ketamine?

Answer 21

Tranq.

Question 22

What is PCP?

Answer 22

A dissociative drug often grouped with deliriants.

Question 23

What kind of hallucinations do indole hallucinogens typically cause?

Answer 23

Visual distortions and altered perception.

Question 24

Why is it difficult to research psychedelics on humans?

Answer 24

Due to ethical restrictions and legal barriers.

Question 25

What type of studies are still mostly used in psychedelic research?

Answer 25

Rodent studies.

Question 26

What is the issue with illegal drug markets for psychedelics?

Answer 26

Lack of quality control and risk of unknown substances.

Question 27

What chemical structure do catechol hallucinogens resemble?

Answer 27

Catecholamines.

Question 28

What are the risks of excessive sweating with MDMA?

Answer 28

It can lead to dehydration and overheating.

Question 29

How were synthetic hallucinogens often created legally?

Answer 29

By altering molecules to avoid classification under drug laws.

Question 30

Why is ethical consideration important in psychedelic research?

Answer 30

To protect participants from harm and maintain scientific integrity.

Question 31

What is the function of the indole nucleus in hallucinogens?

Answer 31

It is part of their structure and contributes to their psychoactive effects.

Question 32

What is the role of GABA in deliriant effects?

Answer 32

They act on GABA receptors, leading to sedation and hallucinations.

Question 33

Can LSD create tolerance?

Answer 33

Yes, and it can also cause cross-tolerance with similar substances.

Question 34

What is the biggest health concern with MDMA use?

Answer 34

Hyperthermia and cardiovascular issues.

Question 35

Are deliriants used in clinical settings?

Answer 35

No, due to their toxicity.

Question 36

How did quasi-decriminalization affect psychedelic use in BC?

Answer 36

It allowed more open use, though it's still technically illegal.

Question 37

What complicates measuring the harm of LSD?

Answer 37

Unregulated use and lack of reporting.

Question 38

What is the relationship between psychedelics and psychotherapy?

Answer 38

Growing interest in combining them for mental health treatment.

Question 39

How do altered states from LSD manifest?

Answer 39

Through altered sensory perception, thoughts, and emotions.

Question 40

What makes a hallucinogen ‘indole-based’?

Answer 40

Its similarity in structure to serotonin.

Question 41

What is a deliriant compared to a psychedelic?

Answer 41

Deliriants are more toxic and sedating, with confused mental states.