Final 2 - NHP's & OTC Drugs

Question 1

What is the definition of a drug under Canadian law?

Answer 1

A product intended for use in diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease.

Question 2

What must food products be in Canada?

Answer 2

Safe, pure (unadulterated), and not required to show effectiveness.

Question 3

What must drugs show in Canada?

Answer 3

They must be shown to be safe when used as directed and effective for their intended use.

Question 4

What does NHP stand for?

Answer 4

Natural Health Product.

Question 5

What is the purpose of NHPs?

Answer 5

Diagnosing, treating, mitigating, or preventing disease, restoring or modifying organic functions.

Question 6

What does NNHPD stand for?

Answer 6

Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate.

Question 7

When was NNHPD originally established?

Answer 7

2004 as NHPD, renamed in 2015.

Question 8

What must NHPs have to be legally sold in Canada?

Answer 8

A product license and site licenses for manufacturing sites.

Question 9

What number do licensed NHPs bear on their label?

Answer 9

An eight-digit product license number preceded by NPN or DIN-HM.

Question 10

What must all NHPs be as safe as?

Answer 10

Over-the-counter (OTC) products.

Question 11

What are sources of evidence for NHP safety and effectiveness?

Answer 11

Clinical trial data, published studies, traditional resources.

Question 12

How many Canadians use NHPs regularly?

Answer 12

0.61

Question 13

Which NHP is used by 70% of Canadians?

Answer 13

Vitamins.

Question 14

What is St. John’s Wort used for?

Answer 14

To relieve restlessness, nervousness, and help treat symptoms of sleep disorders.

Question 15

What is SAMe?

Answer 15

A naturally occurring substance in the body licensed to support healthy mood balance.

Question 16

What is Gingko Biloba thought to improve?

Answer 16

Memory and cognitive function.

Question 17

What effect does Gingko Biloba have on blood?

Answer 17

Reduces blood clotting.

Question 18

What is Melatonin used for?

Answer 18

Increasing total sleep time in people with sleep restriction or altered sleep schedules.

Question 19

What are OTC drugs?

Answer 19

Medicines sold directly to consumers without a prescription.

Question 20

How is the safety of OTC drugs determined?

Answer 20

By evaluating their active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Question 21

How many OTC drugs exist?

Answer 21

More than 100,000.

Question 22

What are behind-the-counter drugs?

Answer 22

Non-prescription drugs dispensed with pharmacist advice due to possible adverse effects.

Question 23

What are examples of behind-the-counter drugs?

Answer 23

EpiPens, polysporin eye drops, lice shampoo.

Question 24

What system classifies drug schedules in Canada?

Answer 24

NAPRA (National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities).

Question 25

What are the three NAPRA schedules?

Answer 25

Schedule 1 (prescription), Schedule 2 (behind-the-counter), Schedule 3 (OTC).

Question 26

What is the use of OTC sleep aids?

Answer 26

To relieve occasional sleeplessness.

Question 27

What are anesthetics?

Answer 27

Drugs that reduce all types of sensation or consciousness.

Question 28

What are analgesics?

Answer 28

Drugs that selectively reduce pain.

Question 29

What type of pain is relieved by opioids?

Answer 29

Visceral pain.

Question 30

What type of pain is relieved by aspirin?

Answer 30

Somatic pain.

Question 31

When was aspirin first synthesized?

Answer 31

1898

Question 32

When was aspirin first sold OTC?

Answer 32

1915

Question 33

What is the therapeutic dose of aspirin?

Answer 33

600 to 1,000 mg.

Question 34

What does aspirin treat effectively?

Answer 34

Headache and musculoskeletal pain.

Question 35

What is Reye’s syndrome?

Answer 35

A rare disease linked to aspirin use in children with viral illness.

Question 36

How does aspirin work?

Answer 36

By inhibiting COX enzymes and blocking prostaglandin synthesis.

Question 37

What is acetaminophen compared to aspirin?

Answer 37

Less effective as anti-inflammatory but causes less gastric bleeding.

Question 38

What is a leading cause of overdose in Canada?

Answer 38

Acetaminophen.

Question 39

What class of drug is ibuprofen?

Answer 39

NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug).

Question 40

What are ibuprofen's side effects?

Answer 40

Nausea, stomach pain, liver damage.

Question 41

What is codeine converted to in the body?

Answer 41

Morphine.

Question 42

What are co-codaprins?

Answer 42

Drugs containing ASA, codeine, and caffeine.

Question 43

What is the common cause of the cold?

Answer 43

Rhinovirus or coronavirus.

Question 44

How do cold viruses spread?

Answer 44

Through the nose or eyes via infected hands.

Question 45

What are common cold symptoms?

Answer 45

Coughing, sneezing, fluid production.

Question 46

What are three ingredients in modern cold products?

Answer 46

Antihistamines, nasal decongestants, analgesic-antipyretics.

Question 47

What is the main nasal decongestant in cold products?

Answer 47

Phenylephrine.

Question 48

What should be considered when choosing an OTC product?

Answer 48

Avoid unnecessary combination drugs to reduce side effects.

Question 49

What does NAPRA do?

Answer 49

Maintains Canada’s drug scheduling system.

Question 50

What are OTC drugs commonly used for?

Answer 50

Sleep aids, pain relief, cold treatment.