FINAL STUDY Flashcards
3 levels of analysis
biological, psychological, social
biological analysis includes
physical and mental health
psychological analysis includes
mood, personality, behavior
social analysis includes
culture, family, socioeconomic
basic versus applied
basic: additional to knowledge, discovery/invention, mere academic
applied: solution to existing problems, innovation/application, practical use for solving problems
correlations
-0.0 to -1.0
0.0 to 1.0
PNS versus CNS
nervous system –> CNS and PNS —> PNS leads to autonomic and somatic —-> somatic leads to sensory input and motor output, autonomic leads to sympathetic and parasympathetic
sympathetic
PNS, autonomic arousing
parasympathetic
PNS, autonomic, calming
motor output
somatic, PNS, controls skeletal muscles
autonomic
PNS, controls self regulated action of internal organs and glands
motor neurons carry messages
outwards
sensory neurons carry messages
inwards
zygotes
prenatal development: fertilized eggs, fewer than half survive past the first two weeks
embryo
prenatal development: inner zygote cells
placenta
prenatal development: outer zygote cells
fetus
prenatal development: 9 weeks after conception. by 6 months there is a good chance of survival outside the womb
teratogens
viruses and drugs - why pregnant women shouldn’t drink or smoke
the placenta filters out_____ but some can slip by
harmful substances
alcohol reduces _____for both ______
CNS, mother and baby
drinking while pregnant can make the baby _____
like alcohol more as growing up
fetal alcohol syndrome
low birth weight, birth defects, future behavioral issues, lower intelligence
epigenetic effect
chemical marks on DNA
with alcohol: switches genes on and off abnormally
with smoking: weakens ability to handle stress
attachement styles
secure, preoccupied, fearful, dismissing
positive model of the self and positive model of others
secure
negative model of self and negative model of other
fearful
positive self, negative other
dismissing
positive other, negative self
preoccupied
sex hormones
estrogen and testosterone,
direct developpment of sexual organs prenatally
surges rushes us into adolescence during puberty
after puberty, they facilitate sexual behavior
predictors of sexual restraint
high intelligence, religious engagement, father presence and service learning participation
high intelligence
consider more negative consequences, more focused on achievement than pleasure
religious engagement
wait for adulthood and long term relationships
father presence
having a close family, both parents matter
service learning participation
reduces free time, less chance for sex
rorschach inkblot test
projective test - ambiguous images that brings out inner feels. personality test
maslow’s hierarchy of needs
physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem and then self actualization
BF Skinner
trained pigeons to play ping pong and guide video games missile
used Thorndike’s principles more broadly
wondered about effect of consequences on chosen behavior
reinforcement schedules
ratio fixed, ratio variable, interval fixed, interval variable
ratio fixed
reinforcement after every nth behavior - buy 10 coffees get one free
ratio variable
reincorcement after an unpredicatable number - playing slot machines
interval fixed
reinforcement for behavior after a fixed time- tuesday discount prices
interval variable
reinforcement for behvaior after random amount of time - checking phone for messages
response rates______
most consistent with variable and highest with ratio schedules
swift and sure punishments is ______
more effective than threats of severe punishment
positive punishment
administer aversive stimulus - spraying water on barking dog
negative punishment
withdraw rewarding stimulus - take away teen’s driving privileges
aversion
more likely to develop aversion to bad food you at in general, and not the place you ate from
wolves aversion to sheep in the fields by feeding sheep poison
observational learning
modeling, social learning, bobo doll experiment
retention
recall, recognition, relearning
recall
fill in the blank
recognition
multiple choice
relearning
time saved when learning something again
external events —-> sensory input
sensory memory —-> automatic processing —–> long term memory
sensory memory —-> encoding ——> working/short term memory —-> encoding—–> long term memory—-> retreiving —–> short term memory
levels of processing
shallow and deep
shallow processing
encoding on a basic level based on structure or appearance
deep processing
encoding semantically based on meaning, yields better retention
3 criteria of abnormal behavior
deviant, maladaptive, personally distressful
deviant behavior
statistically atypical, deviates from cultural norms
maladaptive behavior
compromises ability to lead satisfying life, dangerous to self/others
biopsychosocial approach
recognizes previously mentioned factors (3 criteria of behavior) as potential influences
psychological disorders are caused by multiple factors
vulnerability stress model or diasthesis stress model
pre existing conditions can put an individual at risk of developing a psychological disorder
critiques of DSM
relies too much on social norms
too many new categories
loosened standards to meet criteria
heterogeneity of presentation
comorbidity
focuses on problems rather than strengths
manic episode
bipolar 1
persistently elevated, hypersexual etc.. at least 1 week
hypomanic episode
bipolar 2
4 consecutive days of mania
GAS
general adaptation syndrome
Hans Selye
Our stress response system defends, then fatigues
3 phases of GAS
alarm, resistance, exhaustion
functions of stress
arousal and motivation
unstressed life would not be challenging or productive
keeps us safe
stress is related to self preservation and species preservation
functions of anger
survival
motivation
social and personal value indicator
bargaining tool, cooperation
injustices
fundamental attribution error
dispositional versus situational
cognitive component
beliefs - the belief that global warming is real
affective component
feelings
feeling negative about the state of the world
behavioral component
actions
riding your bike to work instead of driving your car
