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PSY100 > FINAL STUDY > Flashcards

FINAL STUDY Flashcards

1
Q

3 levels of analysis

A

biological, psychological, social

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2
Q

biological analysis includes

A

physical and mental health

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3
Q

psychological analysis includes

A

mood, personality, behavior

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4
Q

social analysis includes

A

culture, family, socioeconomic

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5
Q

basic versus applied

A

basic: additional to knowledge, discovery/invention, mere academic

applied: solution to existing problems, innovation/application, practical use for solving problems

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6
Q

correlations

A

-0.0 to -1.0
0.0 to 1.0

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7
Q

PNS versus CNS

A

nervous system –> CNS and PNS —> PNS leads to autonomic and somatic —-> somatic leads to sensory input and motor output, autonomic leads to sympathetic and parasympathetic

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8
Q

sympathetic

A

PNS, autonomic arousing

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9
Q

parasympathetic

A

PNS, autonomic, calming

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10
Q

motor output

A

somatic, PNS, controls skeletal muscles

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11
Q

autonomic

A

PNS, controls self regulated action of internal organs and glands

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12
Q

motor neurons carry messages

A

outwards

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13
Q

sensory neurons carry messages

A

inwards

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14
Q

zygotes

A

prenatal development: fertilized eggs, fewer than half survive past the first two weeks

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15
Q

embryo

A

prenatal development: inner zygote cells

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16
Q

placenta

A

prenatal development: outer zygote cells

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17
Q

fetus

A

prenatal development: 9 weeks after conception. by 6 months there is a good chance of survival outside the womb

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18
Q

teratogens

A

viruses and drugs - why pregnant women shouldn’t drink or smoke

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19
Q

the placenta filters out_____ but some can slip by

A

harmful substances

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20
Q

alcohol reduces _____for both ______

A

CNS, mother and baby

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21
Q

drinking while pregnant can make the baby _____

A

like alcohol more as growing up

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22
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

low birth weight, birth defects, future behavioral issues, lower intelligence

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23
Q

epigenetic effect

A

chemical marks on DNA
with alcohol: switches genes on and off abnormally
with smoking: weakens ability to handle stress

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24
Q

attachement styles

A

secure, preoccupied, fearful, dismissing

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25
Q

positive model of the self and positive model of others

A

secure

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26
Q

negative model of self and negative model of other

A

fearful

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27
Q

positive self, negative other

A

dismissing

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28
Q

positive other, negative self

A

preoccupied

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29
Q

sex hormones

A

estrogen and testosterone,
direct developpment of sexual organs prenatally
surges rushes us into adolescence during puberty
after puberty, they facilitate sexual behavior

30
Q

predictors of sexual restraint

A

high intelligence, religious engagement, father presence and service learning participation

31
Q

high intelligence

A

consider more negative consequences, more focused on achievement than pleasure

32
Q

religious engagement

A

wait for adulthood and long term relationships

33
Q

father presence

A

having a close family, both parents matter

34
Q

service learning participation

A

reduces free time, less chance for sex

35
Q

rorschach inkblot test

A

projective test - ambiguous images that brings out inner feels. personality test

36
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem and then self actualization

37
Q

BF Skinner

A

trained pigeons to play ping pong and guide video games missile
used Thorndike’s principles more broadly
wondered about effect of consequences on chosen behavior

38
Q

reinforcement schedules

A

ratio fixed, ratio variable, interval fixed, interval variable

39
Q

ratio fixed

A

reinforcement after every nth behavior - buy 10 coffees get one free

40
Q

ratio variable

A

reincorcement after an unpredicatable number - playing slot machines

41
Q

interval fixed

A

reinforcement for behavior after a fixed time- tuesday discount prices

42
Q

interval variable

A

reinforcement for behvaior after random amount of time - checking phone for messages

43
Q

response rates______

A

most consistent with variable and highest with ratio schedules

44
Q

swift and sure punishments is ______

A

more effective than threats of severe punishment

45
Q

positive punishment

A

administer aversive stimulus - spraying water on barking dog

46
Q

negative punishment

A

withdraw rewarding stimulus - take away teen’s driving privileges

47
Q

aversion

A

more likely to develop aversion to bad food you at in general, and not the place you ate from
wolves aversion to sheep in the fields by feeding sheep poison

48
Q

observational learning

A

modeling, social learning, bobo doll experiment

49
Q

retention

A

recall, recognition, relearning

50
Q

recall

A

fill in the blank

51
Q

recognition

A

multiple choice

52
Q

relearning

A

time saved when learning something again

53
Q

external events —-> sensory input

A

sensory memory —-> automatic processing —–> long term memory

sensory memory —-> encoding ——> working/short term memory —-> encoding—–> long term memory—-> retreiving —–> short term memory

54
Q

levels of processing

A

shallow and deep

55
Q

shallow processing

A

encoding on a basic level based on structure or appearance

56
Q

deep processing

A

encoding semantically based on meaning, yields better retention

57
Q

3 criteria of abnormal behavior

A

deviant, maladaptive, personally distressful

58
Q

deviant behavior

A

statistically atypical, deviates from cultural norms

59
Q

maladaptive behavior

A

compromises ability to lead satisfying life, dangerous to self/others

60
Q

biopsychosocial approach

A

recognizes previously mentioned factors (3 criteria of behavior) as potential influences
psychological disorders are caused by multiple factors

61
Q

vulnerability stress model or diasthesis stress model

A

pre existing conditions can put an individual at risk of developing a psychological disorder

62
Q

critiques of DSM

A

relies too much on social norms
too many new categories
loosened standards to meet criteria
heterogeneity of presentation
comorbidity
focuses on problems rather than strengths

63
Q

manic episode

A

bipolar 1
persistently elevated, hypersexual etc.. at least 1 week

64
Q

hypomanic episode

A

bipolar 2
4 consecutive days of mania

65
Q

GAS

A

general adaptation syndrome
Hans Selye
Our stress response system defends, then fatigues

66
Q

3 phases of GAS

A

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

67
Q

functions of stress

A

arousal and motivation
unstressed life would not be challenging or productive

keeps us safe
stress is related to self preservation and species preservation

68
Q

functions of anger

A

survival
motivation
social and personal value indicator
bargaining tool, cooperation
injustices

69
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

dispositional versus situational

70
Q

cognitive component

A

beliefs - the belief that global warming is real

71
Q

affective component

A

feelings
feeling negative about the state of the world

72
Q

behavioral component

A

actions
riding your bike to work instead of driving your car

PSY100 (10 decks)

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